2020上海高考英语一模阅读理解C汇编

v1.0可编辑可修改v1.0可编辑可修改PAGEPAGE12PAGE12/NUMPAGES12v1.0可编辑可修改PAGE上海高考英语题型训练:阅读理解C2020高三第一学期期末质量抽查SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(C)松江Thenewspapermustprovideforthereaderthefacts,pure,unprejudiced,objectivelyselectedfacts.Butinthesedaysofcomplexnewsitmustprovidemere:itmustsupplyinterpretation,themeaningofthefacts.ThisisaveryimportantassignmentfacingAmericanjournalists一tomakecleartothereadertheproblemsoftheday,tomakeinternationalnewsunderstandableascommunitynews,torecognizethatthereisnolongeranysuchthingas"local”news,becauseanyeventintheinternationalareahasalocalreactioninthefinancialmarket,politicalcircles,interms,indeed,ofourverywayoflife.Thereisinjournalismawidespreadviewthatwhenyoustartaninterpretation,youareenteringdangerouswaters,therushingtidesofopinion.Thisisnonsense.Theopponentsofinterpretationinsistthatthewriterandtheeditorshalllimitthemselvestothe“facts".Thisinsistenceraisestwoquestions:WhatarethefactsArethebarefactsenoughAsforthefirstquestion,considerhowaso-called"factual"storyconicsabout.Thereportercollects,say,fiftyfacts;outofthesefifty,hisspacebeingnecessarilyrestricted,heselectsthetenwhichheconsidersmostimportant.ThisisJudgmentNumberOne.Thenheorhiseditordecideswhichofthesetenfactsshallmakeupthebeginningofthearticle,whichisanimportantdecisionbecausemanyreadersdonotproceedbeyondthefirstparagraph.ThisisJudgmentNumberTwo.Thentherighteditordetermineswhetherthearticleshallbepresentedonpageone,whereithasalargeinfluence,oronpagetwentyfour,whereithaslittle.JudgmentNumberThree.Thusinthepresentationofaso-called“factual”or''objective”,story,atleastthreejudgmentsareinvolved.Andtheyarejudgmentsnotatallunlikethoseinvolvedininterpretation,inwhichreportersandeditors,callingupontheirresearchresources,theirgeneralbackground,andtheir"newsneutralism",arriveataconclusionastothesignificanceofthenews.Thetwoareasofjudgment,presentationofthenewsanditsinterpretation,arcbothobjectiveandsubjectiveprocesses.Ifaneditorisdeterminedtogiveaprejudicedviewofthenews,hecandoitinotherwaysandmoreeffectivelythanbyinterpretation.Hecandoitbytheselectionofthosefactsthatsupporthisparticularviewpoint.Orhecandoitbytheplacehegivesastory一promotingittopageoneordraggingittopagethirty.63.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEA.Ifareportermakesclearthefactshewrites,hewillnodoubtgetintotrouble.B.Journalistsmustselectfactsobjectivelytomakecurrenteventscleartothereaders.C.ThemostimportanttaskofreportersisIoprovideunprejudicedfactsforthereaders.D.Forreporters,interpretationoffactsisnolessimportantthanpresentationofthefacts.64.Thebeginningofthearticleshouldpresentthemostimportantfactbecause.A.itwillinfluencethereadertocontinueB.mostreadersreadonlythefirstparagraphC.itdetailsthegeneralattitudeofthewriterD.it'sthebestwaytowriteaccordingtotheschoolsofjournalism65.Whereastoryispresentedinanewspapershows.A.theeditor'sprejudiceB.thereporter'sbackgroundC.thestory'sfactualmatterD.thestory'seffectonthereaders66.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexpresstheauthor'sattitudetowardobjectivenessA.Objectivenessiscontrolledbyeditorsratherthanwriters.B.Properlychoosingfactspreparesasolidgroundforobjectiveness.C.Hedoesn'tthinkthereexistscompleteobjectivenessinnewswriting.D.Tomakeclearthenewsisawaytobeobjectiveandresponsibleforthereaders.黄浦Riskissomethingwefacedaily.However,somepeopleareobviouslymorewillingtotakerisksthanothers.Biologistsappeartohavediscoveredaphysicalreasonthatexplainswhysomepeoplearerisk-takers.Dopamineisaneurotransmitter,achemicalthatspreadssignalsbetweennervecells.Itislinkedtothebrainsrewardsystemandisthechemicalthatmakesusfeelgood,andscientistsbelieveittobeinkedtorisk-taking.Ournervecellshavedopaminereceptors（接收器）whichcontroltheamountofdopaminethateachcellreceives.Butnotallreceptorsmaybeactive.Whenapersonhadfewactivereceptorstocontroltheamountofdopaminethatisreceived,acellcanbecomefloodedresultinginanextremefeelingofhappiness.ResearchersatVanderbiltUniversityandAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicineasked34menandwomentocompleteaquestionnaireabouttheirrisktakingtoassesswhethertheyseeknewopportunitiesorarecautiousinlife.Theresultsoftheresearchwereconsistentwithsimilarstudiescarriedoutwithrats,andhadthesameoutcome.Itconcludedthatpeoplewhoarerisk-takershavefewerdopaminereceptorsthanpeoplewhoarenot.Thissuggeststhattherushofpleasurearisktakerreceiveswhenacellbecomesfloodedwithdopaminecanbecomeaddictiveforsomepeople.Theythereforepursuenewandexcitingactivitiesinordertotrytorepeatthisfeeling,andasaresulttheirconcernforriskbecomesconsiderablereduced.Dopaminegivesusabiologicalreasonforrisk-taking,butscientistsbelievetheremaybepsychologicalreasonstoo.Sensation-seekingisapersonalitycharacteristicthatdescribesthedesiretofindactivitiesthatbringuspleasure.In1964,psychologistMarvinZuckermancreatedthesensation-seekingscale.His40-itemquestionnaire,stillusedtoday,wasgiventopeoplewhowereactiveinseekingnewactivities,andtopeoplewhoweremoresatisfiedwithaquietlife.Whilerisk-takingisnotacharacteristicinitself,itisverymuchassociatedwithsensation-seeking,asahighsensation-seekerdoesnotevaluateriskinthesamewaythatalowsensation-seekerdoes.adesiretoachievepleasuremeansthatthereisagreaterwillingnesstotakemorerisks.Therearebothbiologicalandpsychologicalexplanationsastowhysomepeoplemaychoosetotakemorerisksthanothers.However,noneoftheseexplanationsaredefinitive.63.Ifapersonhasfeweractivedopaminereceptors.________.A.heislesslikelytofeelhappyB.heismorewillingtotakerisksC.hewilleventuallybecomedopamine-addictiveD.heispooreratcontrollingtheamountofdopamine64.Theunderlinedphrase“consistentwith”isclosestto“________”inmeaning.A.contrarytoB.inagreementwithC.atthecostofD.persistentin65.Whatcanbeconcludedfromparagraph4A.Thelongingforpleasuremayleadtorisktaking.B.Awillingnesstotakemoreriskscanbecultivated.C.Thesensation-seekingscalecanhelptoevaluaterisk.D.Highsensation-seekersaremorecommonthanlowones.66.Thispassagemainlytalksabout________.A.whenwelearntotakerisksB.howrisk-takingbenefitsusC.whatmakesrisk-takersD.whyweshouldtakerisks虹口Forseveraldecades,therehasbeenanextensiveandorganizedcampaignintendedtogeneratedistrustinscience,fundedbyregulatedindustriesandlibertarianthinktanks（自由主义智囊团）whoseinterestsandbeliefsarethreatenedbythefindingsofmodernscience.Inresponse,scientistshavetendedtostressthesuccessofscience.Afterall,scientistshavebeenrightaboutmostthings,fromthestructureoftheuniversetotherelativityoftimeandspace.Quotingsuccessesisn’twrong,butformanypeopleit’snotpersuasive.Whatistypicallydeclaredtobethescientificmethod--developasupposition,thendesignanexperimenttotestit--isn’twhatscientistsactuallydo.Scienceisactivesothatnewmethodsgetinventedandoldonesgetabandoned.Thescientificmethoddoesn’talwayswork.Falsetheoriescanproducetrueresults,soevenifanexperimentworks,itdoesn’tprovethatthetheoryitwasdesignedtotestittrue.Ifthereisnoidentifiablescientificmethod,thenwhatistheguaranteefortrustinscienceTheansweristhemethodsbywhichthoseclaimsareevaluated.Ascientificclaimisneveracceptedastrueuntilithasgonethroughalongprocessofexaminationbyfellowscientists.Untilthispoint,scientificfeedbackistypicallyfairlyfriendly.Butthenextstepisdifferent:oncethepaperisready,itispresentedtoascientificjournal,wherethingsgetawholelottougher.Editorsdeliberatelysendscientificpaperstopeoplewhoarenotfriendsorcolleaguesoftheauthors,andthejoboftherevieweristofinderrorsorotherinadequacies.Wecallthisprocess“peerreview”becausethereviewersarescientificpeersbuttheyactintheroleofasuperiorwhohasboththerightandtheobligationtofindfault.Itisonlyafterthereviewersandtheeditoraresatisfiedthatanyproblemshavebeenfixedthatthepaperisacceptedforpublicationandentersthebodyof“science.”DoesthisprocessevergowrongOfcourse.Scientistsarehuman.Butifwelookcarefullyathistoricalcaseswheresciencewentwrong,typicallytherewasnoagreementreachedbyall.Somepeoplearguethatweshouldnottrustsciencebecausescientistsare“alwayschangingtheirminds.”Whileexamplesoftrulysettledsciencebeingoverturnedarefarfewerthanissometimesclaimed,theydoexist.Butthebeautyofthisscientificprocessisthatitexplainswhatmightotherwiseappearparadoxical（矛盾的）:thatscienceproducesbothnovelty（新颖性）andstability.Newobservations,ideas,interpretationsintroducenovelty:trans-formativequestioningleadstocollectivedecisionsandthestabilityofscientificknowledge.Scientistsdochangetheirmindsinthefaceofnewevidence,butthisisastrengthofscience,notaweakness.63.Distrustinsciencehasbeenfoundbecause_________.A.scientists’citingsuccessesisn’tpersuasiveformanypeopletosomeextentB.mostscientistshavetendedtolaytoomuchemphasisonthesuccessofscienceC.awide-rangingandorganizedcampaignhasbeenfoundedinsomeindustriesandthinktanksD.someone’sbenefitsandbeliefsareendangeredbythefindingsofmodernscience64.WhichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthoragreewithaboutascientificmethodA.Ascientificmethoddoesn’tnecessarilytakeeffectbecausescienceischanging.B.Ascientificmethodisnotrightbecauseitisn’twhatscientistsactuallydo.C.Asuccessfulexperimentcanguaranteethetruthfulnessofaclaimbyascientificmethod.D.Truetheoriescanproducefalseresultsbecausethescientificmethoddoesn’twork.65.Whatpurposedoes“peerreview”inevaluatingascientificclaimmainlyserveA.Thescientificclaimcanbecompletelyacceptedbythereviewersinthesamefield.B.Thescientificpeerscandrawrightconclusionsbyfindingitsfaultsorotherinadequacies.C.Thescientificclaimcanbepublishedandrecognizedastrueinscience.D.Thescientificpapercanbesuccessfullysubmittedtoascientificjournal.66.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat_________.A.Notalltheclaimsaboutthefalsehoodofwell-establishedscienceleadtoitsbeingoverturnedB.ItisinevitablethatsciencesometimesgoeswrongbecauseitappearsparadoxicalC.ThebeautyofscienceliesintheparadoxofbeingbothnovelandstableD.Scienceisnottrustfulbecausescientistsalwayschangetheirminds.宝山5G,thefifthgenerationofwireless,promiseslightning-fastdownloadspeedsandcouldlayfoundationforhigh-techadvancementslikeself-drivingcars.Butlikemanynewtechnologies,it'scausingconcernaboutpotentialhealthissues.Thefirstgenerationofwirelessintroducedmobilephones,and2Gbroughttexting.3Glaidthegroundworkforsmart-phones,and4Gallowedvideostreamingandmore.5Gisexpectedtodownloaddata20timesfasterthanitspredessor(前任)，andsomeexpertsargueitcouldbemuchfaster.ToomuchofagoodthingIt'snotjustaboutstreamingdatafaster,it'saboutstreamingmoreofit.Ona5Gnetwork,ausercandownloadamovieinstantly,anddatawillflowbetweenconnectedobjectswithoutdelay.Theamountofdatapeopleuseonmobiledeviceshasgoneup40timessince2010andisonlyexpectedtoincrease.5Gnetworksarewirelesscompaniesattemptstosatisfythatdemand.UncertaineffectsTheuntestednatureof5G,andtheextensivenessofitsinfrastructure(基础设施）hassomeworriedthattheincreasedexposurecouldhaveserioushealtheffects.Wirelesssafetyadvocates（倡议人士）havecalledformorestudiesontheeffectsoftheexposure,andonegroupistryingtostoptheinstallmentof5GnetworksinChicago'sneighborhoods.Thefederalgovernmenthassafetyrulesthatwirelesscompaniesmustobeythatlimithumanexposuretoradiowaves,includingfrequenciesuseswith5G.WirelessindustryassociationCTIAsaystypicalexposureto5GinfrastructureiscomparabletoBluetoothdevicesandbabymonitors,andthereisnoscientificevidenceofnegativehealtheffects.Still,assurancesfromgovernmentagenciesandindustryoperatorsarenotenoughforChicagoresidentJudyBlake.Additionalstudieson5G’shealthimpactslikelywouldn’tsoothehereither.Shesaid,“Peoplecan'tchoosewhetherornottobeexposedtothisradiation.”“Idon’tneedanothertest.Theonlytestthat’sgoingtohappennowispeople’slives,”saidBlake.OnlytimewilltellThoughlittleisknownaboutthelong-termhealthimpactofthemillimeterwavesthat5Goperateson,someresearchhasshownshort-termexposurecouldbeproblematic,saidJoelMoskowitz,apublichealthexpertattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.Theeyesandsweatglands(腺体）areamongseveralbodypartsstudieshaveshowncouldbeatrisk.Moskowitzsaid.Insectsandplantlifecouldalsobeaffected,headded.ThemillimeterwavesusedinSGareabsorbedbytheupperlayersofskin,potentiallycausingthetemperatureoftheskintorise,saidSureshBorkar,seniorlecturerintheDepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineeringattheIllinoisInstituteofTechnology.Theeffectsofextendedrisesinskintemperature“becomeabigunknown,”hesaid.Thisisn'tthefirsttimepeoplewillcomeintocontactwithmillimeterwaves:They'realsousedinairportbodyscanners,saidLavVarshney,assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign.Still,it'sthefirsttimethehigh-frequencywaveswillheusedonsuchascale,andconcernssurroundingnewtechnologiesarecommonthroughouthistory.“Whencarsfirststartedreplacinghorse-drawncarriages,peoplewereafraidofwhatthehealthimpactsoftravelingathighspeedswouldbe,”Varshneysaid.“Therehasalwaysbeenoccurrenceofthisfear.”63.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassageA.5Gisfasterbutnotsafetohumanbeings.B.5Gfeaturesfasterandmoreintransiting.C.5Gcanmeetpeople'sanydemandintheory.D.5Gjustmakeslittleimpactonpeople'shealth.64.WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageA.Millimeterwavescertainlyaffectpeople'shealthseriouslyB.Millimeterwaveswillcausetheskin’stemperaturetorise.C.It'sobviousthatmanyscientistsobjectto5Gtechnology.D.It'shardtosaywhethermillimeterwavesdodamagetohealth.65.Thewordsootheinthelastbut7paragraphsmostprobablymeans.A.tomakesomebodyfeelcalmorlessworried.B.tomakesomebodyfeelhappyormoreexcited.C.tomakesomebodyfeeldisappointedorlesssatisfactionD.tomakesomebodyfeelinspiredormoreenergetic.66.Thebesttitleforthispassageis.A.5G’sAdvantagesandDisadvantagesB.TheDevelopmentofWirelessC.5GHealthConcernD.5GFuturePredictionSectionB(C)松江63-66DBDC黄浦63-66BBAC虹口63-66DACA宝山63-66BDAC