Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf-波斯湾阿拉伯国家

ArabstatesofthePersianGulfTheArabstatesofthePersianGulfarethesevenArabstateswhichborderthePersianGulf,namelyBahrain,Iraq,Kuwait,Oman,Qatar,SaudiArabiaandtheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE).[1][2][3]Thisexcludesthenon-ArabstateofIran.AllofthesenationsexceptIraqarepartoftheGulfCooperationCouncil(GCC),[4]andtheseArabstatesprefertousetheterm"ArabianGulf"ratherthan"PersianGulf".[5]CulturePoliticsFreedomofpressPeaceEconomySeealsoFurtherreadingReferencesExternallinksSoapoperasareimportantnationalpastimesinthePersianGulfArabregion.TheyaremostpopularduringthetimeofRamadan,whenfamiliesgathertobreaktheirfast.MostofthesesoapoperasarebasedinKuwait.[6][7]Kuwaitisoapoperasarethemost-watchedsoapoperasinthePersianGulfregion.[8][9]AlthoughusuallyperformedintheKuwaitidialect,theyhavebeenshownwithsuccessasfarawayasTunisia.[10]Kuwaitipopularculture,intheformoftheatre,radioandtelevisionsoapopera,flourishesandisexportedtoneighbouringArabstatesofthePersianGulf.[11][12]DarbElZalag,KhaltiGmasha,andRuqayyawaSabikaareamongthemostimportanttelevisionproductionsintheGulfregion.[13]KuwaitiswidelyconsideredtheculturalcapitaloftheArabstatesofthePersianGulfregion,[14][15]frequentlydubbedthe"HollywoodoftheGulf"duetothepopularityofitsArabictelevisionsoapoperasandtheatre.[34]TheinhabitantsofEasternArabia'scoastsharesimilarculturesandmusicstylessuchasfijiri,sawtandliwa.ThemostnoticeableculturaltraitofEasternArabia'sArabsistheirorientationandfocustowardsthesea.[35]Maritime-focusedlifeinthesmallArabstateshasresultedinasea-orientedsocietywherelivelihoodshavetraditionallybeenearnedinmarineindustries.[35]BeforetheGCCwasformedin1981,theterm"Khaleeji"wassolelyusedtorefertotheinhabitantsofEasternArabia.[36]Historically,"Khaleeji"meantdescendantsofIchthyophagi,thecoast-dwelling"fisheaters".[37]Geographically,theArabic-speakingissolelyEasternArabia.[38][39]Somestatesareconstitutionalmonarchieswithelectedparliaments.Bahrain(MajlisalWatani)andKuwait(MajlisalUmmah)havelegislatureswithmemberselectedbythepopulation.ThePersianGulf'scoastlineskirtssevenArabcountriesonitswesternshoresandIrantotheeast.(Oman'sMusandampeninsulameetsthegulfattheStraitofHormuz.)ContentsCulturePoliticsTheSultanateofOmanalsohasanadvisorycouncil(Majlisash-Shura)thatispopularlyelected.IntheUAE,afederationofsevenmonarchicalemirates,theFederalNationalCouncil(UnitedArabEmirates)functionsonlyasanadvisorybody,butsomeofitsmembersarenowchosenviaalimitedelectoralcollegenominatedbythesevenrulers.SaudiArabiaremainsahereditarymonarchywithlimitedpoliticalrepresentation.InQatar,anelectednationalparliamenthasbeenmootedandiswrittenintothenewconstitution,butelectionsareyettobeheld.[40]PressintheArabstatesofthePersianGulfhavevaryingdegreesoffreedomwithKuwaittoppingtheleaguewithalivelypressthatenjoysconsiderablymorefreedomthanitsPersianGulfcounterpartsaccordingtoFreedomHouseandReportersWithoutBorders.BothorganizationsrankKuwait'spressasthemostfreeofallArabstatesofthePersianGulfand,infact,rankamongstthetopthreemostfreepressintheArabworld.[41][42]QatarandOmancomeinsecondandthirdrespectivelywithintheregionalranks.ThesixArabstatesofthePersianGulflieinavolatileregionandtheirsixgovernments,withvaryingdegreesofsuccessandeffort,tryandadvancepeaceintheirowncountriesandothercountries.HoweverArabGulfstates,specificallySaudiArabiaandQatar,standaccusedoffundingIslamistmilitantssuchasHamasandtheMuslimBrotherhood.[43]AccordingtotheInstituteofEconomicsandPeace(IEP)'sGlobalPeaceIndexof2016,thesixgovernmentshadvaryingdegreesofsuccessinmaintainingpeaceamongsttheirrespectiveborderswithQatarrankednumber1amongstitsregionalpeersasthemostpeacefulregionalandMiddleEasternnation(andranked34worldwide)whileKuwaitrankssecondinboththeregionalandtheMiddleEastregion(and51worldwide)followedbytheUAEinthethirdspot(61worldwide).[44]AlloftheseArabstateshavesignificantrevenuesfrompetroleum.TheUnitedArabEmirateshasbeensuccessfullydiversifyingtheeconomy.79%ofUAE'stotalGDPcomesfromnon-oilsectors.[45]Oilaccountsforonly2%ofDubai'sGDP.[46]BahrainhasthePersianGulf'sfirst"post-oil"economybecausetheBahrainieconomydoesnotrelyonoil.[47]Sincethelate20thcentury,Bahrainhasheavilyinvestedinthebankingandtourismsectors.[48]Thecountry'scapital,Manamaishometomanylargefinancialstructures.BahrainandKuwaithaveahighHumanDevelopmentIndex(worldwiderankof45and48respectively)andwasrecognisedbytheWorldBankashighincomeeconomies.Inaddition,thesmallcoastalstates(especiallyBahrainandKuwait)weresuccessfulcentersoftradeandcommercepriortooil.EasternArabiaalsohadsignificantpearlbanks,butthepearlingindustrycollapsedinthe1930safterthedevelopmentofculturedpearlmethodsbyJapanesescientists.AccordingtotheWorldBank,mostoftheseArabstateshavebeentheworld'smostgenerousdonorsofaidasashareofGDP.[49]EasternArabiaPersianGulfCooperationCouncilfortheArabStatesoftheGulf,originally(andstill)knownasthe"GulfCooperationCouncil"(GCC).Iran-ArabrelationsFreedomofpressPeaceEconomyMapoftheGulfCooperationCouncil'smembers(Iraqisnotamember).SeealsoGulf/2000ProjectListofthebusiestairportsintheArabstatesofPersianGulfRugbyunionintheArabstatesofthePersianGulfPersianGulfnamingdisputeMadawiAl-Rasheed,ed.(2005).TransnationalConnectionsandtheArabGulf.LawrenceG.Potter,ed.(2009).ThePersianGulfinHistory.LawrenceG.Potter,ed.(2014).SectarianPoliticsinthePersianGulf."ThePersianGulf'sancientEthnicDiversity:AnEvolutionaryHistory"inSecurityinthePersianGulf:Origins,ObstaclesandtheSearchforConsensus,EditedbyG.SickandL.Potter,pp.284.1.MaryAnnTétreault;GwennOkruhlik;AndrzejKapiszewski(2011).PoliticalChangeintheArabGulfStates:StuckinTransition(https://www.rienner.com/title/Political_Change_in_the_Arab_Gulf_States_Stuck_in_Transition)."TheauthorsfirstfocusonthepoliticsofsevenGulfstates:Bahrain,Iraq,Kuwait,Oman,Qatar,SaudiArabia,andtheUAE."2.WorldMigration2005CostsandBenefitsofInternationalMigration(https://books.google.com/books?id=xIJBiLdNJm4C&pg=PP55&dq).InternationalOrganizationforMigration.2005.p.53.3."U.S.OfficialtoTourPersianGulfArabLands"(https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/05/world/us-official-to-tour-persian-gulf-arab-lands.html).TheNewYorkTimes.1987."AleadingAmericandiplomatwillstartatriptoIraqandsixotherArabcountriesofthePersianGulfregionthisweektodiscusstheIran-Iraqwar,Administrationoficialssaidtoday."4."SecretariatGeneraloftheGulfCooperationCouncil"(http://www.gcc-sg.org/en-us/Pages/default.aspx).5.Henderson,Simon(Spring2004)."UnderstandingtheGulfStates"(http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/understanding-the-gulf-states).TheWashingtonInstitute.Retrieved1June2016.6."Bigplansforsmallscreens"(http://www.broadcastprome.com/content-creation/big-plans-for-small-screens/#.VwhXXvl97IV).BroadcastProMe."Around90%ofKhaleejiproductionstakeplaceinKuwait."7.Papavassilopoulos,Constantinos(10April2014)."OSNtargetsnewmarketsbyenrichingitsArabiccontentoffering"(https://technology.ihs.com/496709/osn-targets-new-markets-by-enriching-its-arabic-content-offering).IHSInc.8.Fattahova,Nawara(26March2015)."FirstKuwaitihorrormovietobesetin'haunted'palace"(http://news.kuwaittimes.net/first-kuwaiti-horror-movie-to-be-set-in-haunted-palace-chilling-news-for-film-buffs/).KuwaitTimes.9.AlMukrashi,Fahad(22August2015)."Omanisturntheirbacksonlocaldramas"(http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/omanis-turn-their-backs-on-local-dramas-1.1568086).GulfNews."Kuwait’sdramaindustrytopsotherGulfdramaasithasveryprominentactorsandactresses,enoughscriptsandbudgets,producesfifteenserialsannuallyatleast."10.Mansfield,Peter(1990).Kuwait:vanguardoftheGulf(https://books.google.com/books?id=Uzy_AAAAIAAJ&q).Hutchinson.p.113."SomeKuwaitisoapoperashavebecomeextremelypopularand,althoughtheyareusuallyperformedintheKuwaitidialect,theyhavebeenshownwithsuccessasfarawayasTunisia."11.CliveHoles(2004).ModernArabic:Structures,Functions,andVarieties(https://books.google.com/books?id=8E0Rr1xY4TQC&pg=PA75).GeorgetownUniversityPress.p.75.ISBN978-1-58901-022-2.12.AliAlawi."Ali'sroadtripfromBahraintoKuwait(PHOTOS)"(http://www.yourmiddleeast.com/features/alis-roadtrip-from-bahrain-to-kuwait-photos_13423)."ThetriptoKuwait–acountrythathasbuiltadeepconnectionwithpeopleinthePersianGulfthankstoitssignificantdramaproductionsintheater,television,andevenmusic–startedwith25kilometersofspectacularseaview"13."KuwaitiDramaMuseum:formulatingthoughtsoftheGulf"(http://www.theasian.asia/archives/87665).23May2014.14."Kuwaitanurbanspectacle"(http://www.muscatdaily.com/Archive/Features/Kuwait-an-urban-spectacle-3xlc).MuscatDaily.26March2015.http://www.aljarida.com/articles/1461965247680716900/).Al-Jarida(inArabic).28July)"الله…اللهعليكياالكويت".152011.FurtherreadingReferences"مريمحسينترحلإلى"هوليوودالخليج"..وتتبرأمنالعقوقفي"بناتسكرنبات".16"(http://www.mbc.net/ar/programs/banat-sokkar-nabat/articles/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89--%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC----%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A3-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82-%D9%81%D9%8A--%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1-%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-.html).MBC(inArabic).29August2015.http://www.alwatanvoice.com/arabic/news/2015/07/08/740666.html)(in)"هيفاءحسين:الكويتهيهوليودالخليج".17Arabic).8July2015.http://www.elfann.com/news/show/1059017/%D9%85%D)"منىالبلوشي:الكويتهيهوليودالخليجويقصدونهاللشهرة".189%86%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC-%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9)(inArabic).25August2013.http://www.alsharq.net.sa/2014/12/21/1267694)(in)"ارحمةلـالشرق:أبحثدائماًعنالتميّزوالكويتهوليودالخليج".19Arabic).21December2014.20."http://www.alraimedia.com/ar/article/celebrities/2016/0)"السليملـ«الراي":الدرامامنتعشة...والكويت«هوليوودالخليج"2/03/654281/nr/kuwait).AlRai(inArabic).3February2016.%http://www.alanba.com.kw/ar/art-news/8250/28-02-2007-%D8%B2%D9%8A)"زينبالعسكري:الكويتهوليوودالخليج".21D9%86%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC/).Al-Anba(inArabic).28February2007.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYvv0h)"النجمالكوميديداوودحسينالكويتهوليودالخليجغصبعنخشمأكبررأس".22rk5mc).Scope.26May2016.23."http://www.alkhaleej.ae/alkhaleej/page/917342a7-6375-425a-97cb-d5)"أحمدالجسمي:عاتبعلى«دبي"و«أمبيسي"f158adaee3).AlKhaleej(inArabic).3July2016.http://alwatan.kuwait.tt/articledetails.aspx?id=184422&year)"طاللالسدرفيالديوانية:انجذابيلـ"هوليوودالخليج"..أقدار!".24quarter=20122).AlWatan(inArabic).4April2012.http://www.aljarida.com/articles/1465215410991)"ريمأرحمة:حريصةعلىاختيارنصوصجيدةأكثرمنالظهورفيرمضان".25517600/).Al-Jarida(inArabic).7June2016.http://archive.alqabas.com/Articles.aspx?ArticleID=480748&date=06062016&isaut)"وفاءمكي:موزةتعيشفيذاكرتي".26hor=1).Al-Qabas(inArabic).13March2009.-http://www.aljarida.com/articles/1461795846058196900/).Al)"ميأحمد:المواهبالشابةالتقّلّرقياًعنالفنانينالكبار".27Jarida(inArabic).19February2010..http://almada.cc/?p=100094)(inArabic).6March2016)"!اإلماراتيأحمدالخميس:لنأنسىمافعلهطارقالعليمعي".28http://archive.alqabas.com/Articles.aspx?ArticleID=1119586&CatID=835).Al-Qabas(in)"سناء:الكويتهوليوودالخليج".29Arabic).17December2015.htt)"فيديو-رئيسمجلسإدارةنقابةالفنانينالكويتيةد.نبيلالفيلكاوي:الكويت"هوليوودالخليج"لكنهاالتملكأكاديميةللفنون".30p://alwatan.kuwait.tt/articledetails.aspx?id=429890&yearquarter=20152).AlWatan(inArabic).22April2015.http://www.annaharkw.com/annahar/Article.aspx?id=661706&date=050)"فايزبندمخ:نفخرباسماألميرسعودبنمحمد".3162016).Annahar(inArabic).1June2016.http://www.alanba.com.kw/ar/art-news/4023)"األردنيةعبيرعيسىلـ"االنباء":أتمنىاستمرارمشاركاتيفيالدراماالكويتية".3215/12-08-2013-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89-%D9%84%D9%80-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A3%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%86%D9%89-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9/).AlAnba(inArabic).12August2013.33."KuwaitCulturalDayskickofinSeoul"(http://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticlePrintPage.aspx?id=2478560&language=ar).KuwaitNewsAgency(inArabic).18December2015.34.[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]35."IraniansinBahrainandtheUnitedArabEmirates"(https://books.google.com/books?id=hsU798UPaeYC&pg=PA67&dq).EricAndrewMcCoy.pp.67–68.Gulf2000GulfResearchCenterRetrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf&oldid=820681370"Thispagewaslasteditedon16January2018,at00:34.TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-ShareAlikeLicense;additionaltermsmayapply.Byusingthissite,youagreetotheTermsofUseandPrivacyPolicy.Wikipedia®isaregisteredtrademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anon-profitorganization.36."EasternArabiaHistoricPhotographs:Kuwait,1900-1936"(https://books.google.com/books?id=dEC9AAAAIAAJ&q).AhmadMustafaAbu-Hakima.1986.37."ThePersianGulfinHistory"(https://books.google.com/books?id=ncfIAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12&dq).LawrenceG.Potter.p.12.38."HistoryofeasternArabia,1750-1800:theriseanddevelopmentofBahrainandKuwait"(https://books.google.com/books?id=v_FtAAAAMAAJ&q).AhmadMustafaAbu-Hakima.1965.39."Labor,NationalismandImperialisminEasternArabia:Britain,theShaikhsandtheGulfOilWorkersinBahrain,KuwaitandQatar,1932-1956"(https://books.google.com/books?id=F1pjGwAACAAJ&dq).HassanMohammedAbdullaSaleh.1991.40.GerdNonneman,"PoliticalReformintheGulfMonarchies:FromLiberalisationtoDemocratisation?AComparativePerspective",inAnoushiravanEhteshamiandStevenWright(eds.)(2007),ReformintheMiddleEastOilMonarchies,ISBN978-0-86372-323-0,pp.3-45.41."FreedomofthePress2016"(https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/freedom-press-2016).42."2016WorldPressFreedomIndex"(https://web.archive.org/web/20170214174449/https://rsf.org/en/ranking).Archivedfromtheoriginal(https://rsf.org/en/ranking#)on2017-02-14.43.[1](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/qatar-four-middle-eastern-powers-cut-diplomatic-ties-terror-links-bahrain-egypt-saudi-arabia-uae-a7772836.html)44."GlobalPeaceIndex2016"(https://web.archive.org/web/20160615041315/http://www.visionofhumanity.org/sites/default/files/GPI%202016%20Report_2.pdf)(PDF).Archivedfromtheoriginal(http://www.visionofhumanity.org/sites/default/files/GPI%202016%20Report_2.pdf)(PDF)on2016-06-15.45."Diversificationraisesnon-oilshareofUAE'sGDPto71%"(http://gulfnews.com/business/economy/diversification-raises-non-oil-share-of-uae-s-gdp-to-71-1.795268).46."OilMakesUp2%ofDubaiGDPPost-Diversification"(http://news.gulfjobsmarket.com/oil-makes-up-2-of-dubai-gdp-post-diversification-7861765-news).47."Bahrain:Reform-PromiseandReality"(http://www.jepeterson.net/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/Peterson_Bahrain_Reforms.pdf)(PDF).J.E.Peterson.p.157.48."Bahrain'seconomypraisedfordiversityandsustainability"(https://web.archive.org/web/20101228154653/h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