a beautiful mind美丽心灵学习笔记英文

A Beautiful Mind (Drama/Biography) (2001) © 2002 by Raymond Weschler Major Characters John Nash……………………………………………………………….Russell Crowe One of the greatest mathematical geniuses of the 20th century, who won the Nobel Prize in 1994, studied and taught at Princeton University, and suffered from the mental disease of schizophrenia for most of his adult life (See note on schizophrenia below). Alicia…………………………………………………………….…………….Jennifer Connelly John’s beautiful, intelligent and loving wife who stayed with him through decades of marriage, from the 1950s to after 2000, despite the difficulties of living with a person with severe mental illness. Parcher……………………………………………………………..………….Ed Harris An agent of the US government who convinces John to help break secret Soviet codes, in order to prevent a horrible nuclear attack on the United States (Note: Parcher is not really who he appears to be). Charles………………………………………………………………………….Paul Bettany John’s roommate at Princeton who studied English literature (Note: Like Parcher, John is not really who he appears to be). Martin Hansen………………………………………………………………Josh Lucas A brilliant math student at Princeton and colleague of John’s who later becomes head of the Princeton math department. Dr. Rosen……………………………………………………………………….Christopher Plumber A psychiatrist in Boston who identifies John’s Schizophrenia and helps him and Alicia to live with the disease. Plot Summary This film is the true story of John Nash, one of the great geniuses of the 20th century, who was famous for both his theories in math, and for the fact that he suffered from schizophrenia. The movie follows Nash’s amazing life from the time he arrives at Princeton University as a young, brilliant and noticeably odd West Virginia math student, until his life as an old man who has won the Nobel Prize. Over the years, he becomes recognized as a unique intellect whose theories have greatly influenced not only mathematics, but various other academic areas from economics to biology. And as of this writing in 2002, Nash is still alive, and still teaches at Princeton. 2 The focus of this movie is on Nash’s struggle with the terrible illness of schizophrenia, which began to effect him while a student at Princeton in the early 1950s. Afterward, his brilliance led to a teaching and research position at the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the world famous university in Boston. There, Nash’s disease began to grow worse, but fortunately for him, it was also at MIT that he met Alicia, a brilliant math student of her own. The two fell in love, and while Alicia did not discover his illness until after they married, once she realized how sick her husband was, she did all she could to take care of him, herself, and their new son. With great determination, John Nash was able to successfully fight back from the delusions that are a large part of schizophrenia, and while he never was able to get rid of the disease completely, he became an honored member of the Princeton community. In some ways, his life is a truly fascinating window on the still unclear relationship between genius and madness. A Brief Note on Schizophrenia : Many people used to think that schizophrenia was a mental disease marked by “split personality,” which exists when one person seems to have two or more completely different personalities. In fact, most people who have this mental illness do not have that condition, but they do suffer from such things as inability to think clearly, manage emotions, make decisions, or relate to others. Most seriously, schizophrenics can suffer from hallucinations (“seeing things that don’t really exist”), as well as a fundamental and unpleasant change in how they experience basic emotions, incoming sensations and even themselves. In short, this is a terrible illness that can take away a person’s ability to lead a normal life, though fortunately, it has become more and more treatable. A Brief Note on the Language of Advanced Mathematics : Throughout the film, there is frequent reference to many of the abstract mathematical theories that John Nash and his colleagues were working on, including in such specific areas as “equilibrium points, manifold embedding, Brouwer's fixed point theorem, Riemann's functional equation hypothesis” and other bizarre topics that only the most sophisticated mathematicians could truly understand. In general, the glossary below chooses to ignore most of that language, since it is probably not worth your time as ESL students. Regardless, and like most people, I don’t what most of it means!…. A Brief Note on Princeton and MIT : Most of the film centers around John’s life at two of the best Universities in the United States. Princeton is located in the small town of Princeton, New Jersey, about an hour from New York City. When John arrived as a young student in the late 1940’s, Albert Einstein was still a professor there (He died in 1955, having been at Princeton for nearly 20 years). 3 The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, known by most as MIT, is perhaps the most prestigious school of technology and applied sciences in the world (In the film, John taught for a few years at a defense department center at MIT called the Wheeler Institute). MIT is located just minutes from Harvard University, in Boston, Massachusetts, which probably has more excellent universities than any city in the world. Some Words and Expressions that You May not Know John Nash arrives at Princeton, meets his lesser genius classmates, and his curious roommate Charles. Mathematicians broke the Japanese codes ….and built the A-bomb . A “code” is a secret set of symbols that only certain people can understand. The “A-bomb” is short for an atomic or nuclear bomb. The stated goal of the Soviets is global communism. If a goal is “stated,” it is officially announced. After World War 2, many in the Western Capitalist countries feared that the Soviet Union would try to take over the world by spreading their form of communism. To triumph , we need results. Publishable , applicable results. “To triumph” is to beat an opponent. If results are “publishable,” they are good enough to be printed in academic or scholarly journals, and if they are “applicable,” they have a practical use. Who among you will be the next Morse , Einstein…. the vanguard of democracy, freedom and discovery? Morse was famous for having invented the “Morse code,” which was a series of short sounds by which messages were sent through wire in the 19th century. The “vanguard” of a social movement are the first people who promote it, before it becomes popular. Today, we bequeath America’s future into your able hands. To “bequeath” property is to hand it legally down to the next generation, often in the form of a will. It’s not enough that he won the Carnegie scholarship . A “scholarship” is a gift of money that is given to allow people to study at a university or other educational institution. 4 It’s the first time the Carnegie Prize has been split and Hansen is all bent . If a prize is “split,” it is divided between two or more people (If a person is “bent out of shape,” they are angry or upset; “Bent” alone, which means twisted or curved, is no longer used for angry). Nielson, symbol cryptography . The study of codes and how to break them so they can be understood. Neil here broke a Jap code; Help rid the world of fascism. “Jap” is now considered a racist word for Japanese, though it was common up through the 1960s. “To rid the world” of something is to help eliminate it (“Get rid of” is more common). The burden of genius…..so many supplicants and so little time. A “burden” is a great responsibility or problem that is carried. A “supplicant” is a person who has or begs with humility or respect. Nice is not Hansen’s strong suit . A person’s “strong suit” is the skill that they are good at (A funny way of saying that Hansen doesn’t know how to be nice). I imagine you’re getting quite used to miscalculation . A “miscalculation” is a mistake in solving a math or other problem. I’ve read your pre-prints on nazi ciphers and non-linear equations … A “pre-print” is a dated academic term for a paper before it has been published. “Nazi ciphers” were German code writers during World War 2. A “non-liner equation” is a concept in advanced mathematics. …and I am supremely confident that there is not a single seminal or innovative idea in either one of them. If an idea is “seminal,” it’s important and original. If an idea is “innovative,” it’s a new way of thinking that has not been done before. Enjoy your punch . A popular fruit drink at parties, which often contains alcohol. The prodigal roommate arrives! An educated word for a person who spends and wastes lots of money, and who was often spoiled as a child. Did you know that having a hangover is not having enough water in your body? It’s not enough to run your kreb cycles . A “hangover” is the horrible feeling people have the morning after they have drunk too much alcohol. A “kreb cycle” is a term for energy storage that is used in biology. 5 I got in time for English Department cocktails . An iced alcoholic drink that is popular at parties. The cock was mine and the tail belonged to a particularly lovely young thing with a passion for DH Lawrence. A “cock” is a crude word for a penis, and in this case a tail refers to a woman’s ass. “Lovely” is a British word for pretty or attractive. If you have a “passion for” somebody, you are very attracted by or interested in them (DH Lawrence is a well know British writer of the early 1900s). You are not easily distracted , are you? If a person is “distracted,” they can’t concentrate on what they want to because something else is bothering them or has gotten their attention. Is my roommate a dick ? A funny adjective for a jerk, idiot or in certain contexts, a penis. You the poor kid who never got to go to Exeter or Andover ? :: Despite my privileged upbringing , I’m actually quite well-balanced. Exeter and Andover are two famous preparatory schools in Massachusetts that the children of the rich attend in order to get into the best universities. If a person has had a “privileged upbringing,” they’ve been raised in great wealth, often with an excellent education. I have a chip on both shoulders . If a person has “a chip on their shoulder,” they are bitter or angry about something that happened to them in the past. Maybe you’re better with integers than you are with people. An “integer” is a mathematical word for a number. Why? With all your obvious wit and charm . A person’s “wit” is their ability to be funny. A person’s “charm” is the quality about them that attracts, interests and delights other people. I can’t waste time….memorizing the weak assumptions of lesser mortals . “Lesser mortals” is a funny but snobby way of referring to people that the speaker feels are not as intelligent as they are. I need to look through…to the governing dynamics . That’s the only way I’ll ever distinguish myself . “Governing dynamics” is John’s way of referring to the basic rules that control a system or situation. “To distinguish” yourself is to accomplish something so important you become very well known. 6 I’ve played enough Go for one day. :: Come on , I hate this game. “Go” is a famous board game from East Asia. “Come on” is the most versatile phrasal verb in English, here meaning please, or “be serious.” I’m hoping to extract an algorithm to define their movement. “To extract” is to remove or pull out forcefully. An “algorithm” is a step by step process for solving a mathematical problem. Ok…. psycho . A popular slang word for a person who is crazy. I thought you dropped out . Ever going to go to class? “To drop out” of school is to quit, or to decide to no longer go. Classes will dull your mind and destroy the potential for authentic creativity . “To dull” a person’s mind is to make them less intelligent or creative. If something is “authentic,” it is genuine or true, and “creativity” is the ability to think, create or make things in new and different ways. Nash is going to stun us all with his genius. “To stun” a person is to shock or overwhelm them. He doesn’t have the nerve to compete. If a person doesn’t have “the nerve” to do something, they don’t have the courage to do it. Terrified, mortified … stupefied , by you. If a person is “mortified,” they are scared to death. If they are “stupefied,” they are so confused that they feel stupid. No starch , pressed and folded. “Starch” is a powder used with clothes to make them flat or stiff, and if clothes are “pressed,” they are ironed to be flat without wrinkles. Adequate work…without innovation . :: I’m flattered . If work is “adequate,” it is satisfactory, but it is not that good. “Innovation” is anything that’s truly new or original. If a person is “flattered,” they feel good after having been complimented. I’ve got two weapons briefs under security review by the D.O.D . :: Derivative drivel . A “weapon” is a type of arm, from a gun to a tank. A “brief” is a short paper, and if it is under “security review,” it is being read to see if it needs to be kept secret. The “D.O.D.” is the Department of Defense. If a paper is “derivative,” its ideas were taken from elsewhere and it is not original. “Drivel” refers to words that are nonsense or make no sense. 7 What if you never come up with your original idea? “To come up” with an idea is to think of it or create it. How will it feel when I’m chosen for Wheeler and you’re not? In this film, Wheeler is the name of a Defense Department institute at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) where many very smart people would love to work. The hubris of the defeated. :: The game is flawed . “Hubris” is too much self-confidence or ego. If something is “flawed,” it is imperfect or has a built-in mistake or problem. John’s awkward moments with women triggers a major breakthrough in mathematics, game theory and economics. Hanson’s just published another paper and I can’t even find a topic for my doctorate . A “topic” is a subject and a “doctorate” is a major paper or thesis that is written for a Ph.D. degree. This is a cluster of pigeons fighting over bread crumbs. A “cluster” is a group of the same things that are close together (houses, birds, etc). A “pigeon” is a horrible type of common bird. John, you watched a mugging . :: In competitive behavior, someone always loses. A “mugging” is the act of one person physically attacking another, often in order to steal their money. Behavior that is “competitive” is done to beat another person, usually in a game, or in the market place. If I could derive an equilibrium where prevalence is a non-singular event, where nobody loses…. This is John’s mathematical talk. “To derive” is to take or obtain from a specific source. “Equilibrium” is balance or equality between two sides, and “prevalence” is frequency ….can you imagine the effect that would have on conflict scenarios and arms negotiations ? On currency exchange ?… A “conflict” is a war or contest between two sides, and a “scenario” is any future possibility. “Arms negotiations” refers to the act of trying to limit the number of weapons that each side has. “Currency exchange” refers to the value of money in terms of the money of another country (dollars, pounds, francs, etc) 8 You have no respect for cognitive reverie , you know that? “Cognitive” refers to the mind or intellect, and “reverie” is the act of daydreaming or thinking intently about something. Fortune favors the brave! Bombs away! The first sentence is a way of saying those with courage will get what they want. The second sentence is slangy way of saying that it’s time to take a risk and try (in this case, to try and meet a pretty girl). My odds of success dramatically improve with each event. “Odds” is another word for chances or possibility. This is going to be classic . If something is “classic,” it will be remembered for a very long time. I don’t know exactly what I’m required to say in order for you to have intercourse with me, but could we assume I’ve said all that? “To require” a person to do something is to force or oblige them to do it. “Intercourse” is a very formal word for sex (i.e.…sexual intercourse). Essentially , we’re talking about fluid exchange , right? :: Have a nice night, asshole ! “Essentially” is another word for basically. In this context, “fluid exchange” refers to the bodily fluids (semen, vaginal fluids) that come into contact during sex. “Asshole” is a very strong insult word for jerk, bastard, creep, etc. It’s very clever , but I’m afraid it’s not good enough. An important word meaning intelligent, skillful or ingenious. I’ve been working on manifold embedding….my bargaining strategies are starting to show some promise . If a scientific theory “shows promise,” it has been shown to have great potential in the future. If you could just arrange another meeting with Professor Einstein? “To arrange” a meeting is to organize it or make it happen. What do you see, John? :: Recognition . “Recognition” is the act of recognizing or acknowledging a person for the things that they have accomplished. John, you haven’t focused ! “To focus” on a problem is to concentrate on it, without getting distracted by other things. 9 Up to this point, your record doesn’t warrant any placement at all. “To warrant” is another way of saying to deserve or merit (In this case, a placement or assignment at a research institution). Jesus Christ , John. A common way to express emotion such as surprise or anger. I can’t keep staring into space! “To stare” at something is to look at it intently, without turning away. Don’t mess around ! “To mess around” is to waste time or not take something seriously. Bust that worthless head wide open ! “To bust open” something is to violently break or shatter it. If something is “worthless,” it has no value. Goddamn it , Charles! What the hell is your problem? “Goddamn it” is a crude way of expressing anger. “The hell” is added to WH questions to express emotion such as anger or frustration. That Isaac Newton fellow was right! He was on to something. If a person is “on to” something, they are in the process of discovering or realizing something of great value or importance. Nash, you might want to stop shuffling your papers for 5 seconds. “To shuffle” papers is to continue passing them form one hand to the other, often because of nervousness. Shall we say swords , gentlemen? Pistols at dawn? A “sword” is a weapon with a long blade for cutting, and a “pistol” is a type of gun. This is the way people in the 1700s would speak when proposing a duel or battle between two people. Recall the lessons of Adam Smith, father of modern economics. “To recall” something is to remember it. “In competition, individual ambition serves the common good.” “Ambition” is the desire to achieve a goal. This was Adam’s Smith way of saying the capitalist system worked well for society as a whole even though individuals only try to help themselves. And those who