水电工程预应力锚固设计规范

evaluationofscientificdevelopment.　　Naturesecuritytype--naturesecurityistomaintenancepeopleofhealthvaluefortarget,throughstrengtheningsecuritybasedmanagement,andriskmanagement,andequipmentmanagementandtechnologysupervision,ensureproductioninthepeople,andreal,andsystem,andsystem,elementssecurityreliable,andharmonyunified,fullcontrolvariousagainstfactors,achievedthoughtnoslack,andmanagementnoemptydocument,andequipmentnohidden,andsystemnoblocked,andunitzeronon-stopped.　　Qualityandefficiency--qualitybenefitistoadheretotheenterprise"survival,profitanddevelopment"businesstruth,adheretothe"allactivityiseconomicactivity,allcostscanbecontrolled,moneyshouldnotbewasted"managementphilosophy,managementanalysis,toimprovemanagementquality,improvecostcontrolcapacityandmarketcompetitiveness.　　Innovationofscienceandtechnology--scienceandtechnologyinnovationistoplaytheroleofscienceandtechnologyastheprimaryproductiveforce,activeuseofnewtechnologies,newmaterials,newprocesses,newequipment,increaseinvestmentinscienceandtechnology,strengtheningscientificandtechnologicaltraining,speedinguptransformingscientificandtechnologicalachievements,forminganumberofproprietarytechnology,enhancingcorecompetitiveness.Resource-saving-the-resourcessavingenterprisewastoreducecoalconsumption,waterconsumption,electricityatthecore,enhancetheoperationofleanmanagementtorealizelowconsumption,highefficiency,reduceproductioncosts.　　Secondistostrengthenthebusiness,financial,material,informationandtheoptimizationoforganizationandmanagement,savingtheinternaltransactioncosts.Harmoniousdevelopmentofharmoniousdevelopment--istoconstructa"foreign"environmentfordevelopment."XING"referstothe"internalsecurityfirmandinternalmanagementoftheinternalmanagementmeasuresareeffective,harmonious".　　"Foreigncurrency"means"Enterprisecoordinatingdevelopmentofhomeopathy,well,getalongwiththeneighborsbetter."(B)XX2013fiveenterprisesbuildingintrinsicsafetypowercompanygoalsare:unplannedoutage0times.Classofdisorders0,0isequivalentforcedoutagerate.Nopersonalinjuryaccident,materialandequipmentaccidentsdonotoccur,nofire,noenvironmentalpollutionaccident.　　Enterpriseintegratedtoachievezerocasesofviolation,zeroaccidents,zero.Qualitygoalis:whengeneratingcapacity≥7.5billion-kilowatt,salesofover7.11billionkWh,totalprofitsof≥306.6millionYuan,...BFS++、PI、MIS、SCMInformationsystemsinfrastructure,fullyintegratedinformationsystemtorealizeinformationresourcessharing;toexpandthebreadthanddepthoftheportalsystem,informationsystemofEnterpriseManagementAssistantroletoplay;toimprovetheday-to-dayoperationandmaintenanceoperationrecordofpromotingcausesandtransfersystem;tostrengthenthetrainingDL/T5176—2003evaluationofscientificdevelopment.　　Naturesecuritytype--naturesecurityistomaintenancepeopleofhealthvaluefortarget,throughstrengtheningsecuritybasedmanagement,andriskmanagement,andequipmentmanagementandtechnologysupervision,ensureproductioninthepeople,andreal,andsystem,andsystem,elementssecurityreliable,andharmonyunified,fullcontrolvariousagainstfactors,achievedthoughtnoslack,andmanagementnoemptydocument,andequipmentnohidden,andsystemnoblocked,andunitzeronon-stopped.　　Qualityandefficiency--qualitybenefitistoadheretotheenterprise"survival,profitanddevelopment"businesstruth,adheretothe"allactivityiseconomicactivity,allcostscanbecontrolled,moneyshouldnotbewasted"managementphilosophy,managementanalysis,toimprovemanagementquality,improvecostcontrolcapacityandmarketcompetitiveness.　　Innovationofscienceandtechnology--scienceandtechnologyinnovationistoplaytheroleofscienceandtechnologyastheprimaryproductiveforce,activeuseofnewtechnologies,newmaterials,newprocesses,newequipment,increaseinvestmentinscienceandtechnology,strengtheningscientificandtechnologicaltraining,speedinguptransformingscientificandtechnologicalachievements,forminganumberofproprietarytechnology,enhancingcorecompetitiveness.Resource-saving-the-resourcessavingenterprisewastoreducecoalconsumption,waterconsumption,electricityatthecore,enhancetheoperationofleanmanagementtorealizelowconsumption,highefficiency,reduceproductioncosts.　　Secondistostrengthenthebusiness,financial,material,informationandtheoptimizationoforganizationandmanagement,savingtheinternaltransactioncosts.Harmoniousdevelopmentofharmoniousdevelopment--istoconstructa"foreign"environmentfordevelopment."XING"referstothe"internalsecurityfirmandinternalmanagementoftheinternalmanagementmeasuresareeffective,harmonious".　　"Foreigncurrency"means"Enterprisecoordinatingdevelopmentofhomeopathy,well,getalongwiththeneighborsbetter."(B)XX2013fiveenterprisesbuildingintrinsicsafetypowercompanygoalsare:unplannedoutage0times.Classofdisorders0,0isequivalentforcedoutagerate.Nopersonalinjuryaccident,materialandequipmentaccidentsdonotoccur,nofire,noenvironmentalpollutionaccident.　　Enterpriseintegratedtoachievezerocasesofviolation,zeroaccidents,zero.Qualitygoalis:whengeneratingcapacity≥7.5billion-kilowatt,salesofover7.11billionkWh,totalprofitsof≥306.6millionYuan,...BFS++、PI、MIS、SCMInformationsystemsinfrastructure,fullyintegratedinformationsystemtorealizeinformationresourcessharing;toexpandthebreadthanddepthoftheportalsystem,informationsystemofEnterpriseManagementAssistantroletoplay;toimprovetheday-to-dayoperationandmaintenanceoperationrecordofpromotingcausesandtransfersystem;tostrengthenthetrainingsupervisioninlargeandmediumgoodsvehicle.　　Aisestablishedlargevehiclesandsmallvehiclesclassificationmanagementofmotorvehicletestmode,increasedmediumvancar,anddangerousgoodstransportcar,andschoolcartestproject;IIisestablishedmotorvehicletestregulatoryplatform,achievedmotorvehicletestfullprocessvideo,anddataremoteregulatory;threeisstrictlymotorvehicleidentificationmanagement,equippedwithunifiedofidentificationequipmentandtool,usingmobileidentificationTerminal,andlawenforcementrecordsinstrument,technologyidentificationmeans.Asto20XXyearsJune20statewidemotorvehiclekeepvolumefor567,408car,andlastyearearlierthangrowth75,814car,growth13.36%;thisyearJanuary-June,vehiclesmanagementsectionandlicensearchivesmanagementsectiontotalacceptedthemotorvehicleregistrationbusiness42,543cartimes,whichregisteredregistration6,905cartimes,andtransferregistration3,592cartimes,andchangeregistration1033cartimes,andmortgageregistration696cartimes,andcancellationregistration187cartimes,andintobusiness980cartimes,andArchivescorrections81piecestimes,andissuedtestqualifiedlogo25,429cartimes,andothervehiclesbusiness3,640cartimes;supervisionSurveySectionrelieson"motorvehicledetectionremoteissuedtestqualifiedlogosoftwareplatform"supervisionmotorvehicletest,andidentificationsituation7418lliangci,investigationmotorvehicleexceptionbusiness30cartimes,hispardsbusinesswarning244article,vehiclesanddrivingpeoplesoundvideoregulatoryscreenshots1852Zhang,checksmotorvehiclearchives716piecestimes,andmediumbus,andmediumabovetruck,and　　Ofhazardouschemicals,vehiclesandschoolbusesandotherkeyvehicleinspectionrecordof420.　　(C)basedontheirown,andstrictadherencetodefense,morecheating,falsefalsefugitivesuspects,robberysuspectvehiclesandtheInternetcrackdown.DMVfullplaytothe"firstlineofDefense"positioncontrol,investigatingcheating,fakeidentificationandrobberysuspectvehiclesthroughoperationalwork,andcarefullyexaminethedocumentsandlegalproof,checktrafficviolations,trafficaccidents,thefugitivesuspectsuspectedvehiclesandtheftthantowork,furthertightcar,drivingmanagementbusinessformalitiesreviewprocedures....Truckdriverinformationmanagementplatform.　　Motorvehiclesandtrafficpolicedepartments,StatetransportauthoritytofurtherclarifytheDivisionoflabour,implementationresponsibility,strengthenourcollaborationandmanagementtogether,reinforcingthemanagementofdriversonwhichstronglysyntheticwarfareandinformationwarfare.3strictlyimplemented.FromMay1up,aisimplementedcomplexroadandbadweatherdrivingexam,currentlyDMVisurgedcontractorspartyintreasuresdrivingschoolincreasedsimulationHighway,andcontinuousurgentdetours,andsnowdays,andwetslidingroad,andburstsituationdisposal,subjectsIIfieldtodrivingexamproject,isexpectedPAGE80supervisioninlargeandmediumgoodsvehicle.　　Aisestablishedlargevehiclesandsmallvehiclesclassificationmanagementofmotorvehicletestmode,increasedmediumvancar,anddangerousgoodstransportcar,andschoolcartestproject;IIisestablishedmotorvehicletestregulatoryplatform,achievedmotorvehicletestfullprocessvideo,anddataremoteregulatory;threeisstrictlymotorvehicleidentificationmanagement,equippedwithunifiedofidentificationequipmentandtool,usingmobileidentificationTerminal,andlawenforcementrecordsinstrument,technologyidentificationmeans.Asto20XXyearsJune20statewidemotorvehiclekeepvolumefor567,408car,andlastyearearlierthangrowth75,814car,growth13.36%;thisyearJanuary-June,vehiclesmanagementsectionandlicensearchivesmanagementsectiontotalacceptedthemotorvehicleregistrationbusiness42,543cartimes,whichregisteredregistration6,905cartimes,andtransferregistration3,592cartimes,andchangeregistration1033cartimes,andmortgageregistration696cartimes,andcancellationregistration187cartimes,andintobusiness980cartimes,andArchivescorrections81piecestimes,andissuedtestqualifiedlogo25,429cartimes,andothervehiclesbusiness3,640cartimes;supervisionSurveySectionrelieson"motorvehicledetectionremoteissuedtestqualifiedlogosoftwareplatform"supervisionmotorvehicletest,andidentificationsituation7418lliangci,investigationmotorvehicleexceptionbusiness30cartimes,hispardsbusinesswarning244article,vehiclesanddrivingpeoplesoundvideoregulatoryscreenshots1852Zhang,checksmotorvehiclearchives716piecestimes,andmediumbus,andmediumabovetruck,and　　Ofhazardouschemicals,vehiclesandschoolbusesandotherkeyvehicleinspectionrecordof420.　　(C)basedontheirown,andstrictadherencetodefense,morecheating,falsefalsefugitivesuspects,robberysuspectvehiclesandtheInternetcrackdown.DMVfullplaytothe"firstlineofDefense"positioncontrol,investigatingcheating,fakeidentificationandrobberysuspectvehiclesthroughoperationalwork,andcarefullyexaminethedocumentsandlegalproof,checktrafficviolations,trafficaccidents,thefugitivesuspectsuspectedvehiclesandtheftthantowork,furthertightcar,drivingmanagementbusinessformalitiesreviewprocedures....Truckdriverinformationmanagementplatform.　　Motorvehiclesandtrafficpolicedepartments,StatetransportauthoritytofurtherclarifytheDivisionoflabour,implementationresponsibility,strengthenourcollaborationandmanagementtogether,reinforcingthemanagementofdriversonwhichstronglysyntheticwarfareandinformationwarfare.3strictlyimplemented.FromMay1up,aisimplementedcomplexroadandbadweatherdrivingexam,currentlyDMVisurgedcontractorspartyintreasuresdrivingschoolincreasedsimulationHighway,andcontinuousurgentdetours,andsnowdays,andwetslidingroad,andburstsituationdisposal,subjectsIIfieldtodrivingexamproject,isexpectedevaluationofscientificdevelopment.　　Naturesecuritytype--naturesecurityistomaintenancepeopleofhealthvaluefortarget,throughstrengtheningsecuritybasedmanagement,andriskmanagement,andequipmentmanagementandtechnologysupervision,ensureproductioninthepeople,andreal,andsystem,andsystem,elementssecurityreliable,andharmonyunified,fullcontrolvariousagainstfactors,achievedthoughtnoslack,andmanagementnoemptydocument,andequipmentnohidden,andsystemnoblocked,andunitzeronon-stopped.　　Qualityandefficiency--qualitybenefitistoadheretotheenterprise"survival,profitanddevelopment"businesstruth,adheretothe"allactivityiseconomicactivity,allcostscanbecontrolled,moneyshouldnotbewasted"managementphilosophy,managementanalysis,toimprovemanagementquality,improvecostcontrolcapacityandmarketcompetitiveness.　　Innovationofscienceandtechnology--scienceandtechnologyinnovationistoplaytheroleofscienceandtechnologyastheprimaryproductiveforce,activeuseofnewtechnologies,newmaterials,newprocesses,newequipment,increaseinvestmentinscienceandtechnology,strengtheningscientificandtechnologicaltraining,speedinguptransformingscientificandtechnologicalachievements,forminganumberofproprietarytechnology,enhancingcorecompetitiveness.Resource-saving-the-resourcessavingenterprisewastoreducecoalconsumption,waterconsumption,electricityatthecore,enhancetheoperationofleanmanagementtorealizelowconsumption,highefficiency,reduceproductioncosts.　　Secondistostrengthenthebusiness,financial,material,informationandtheoptimizationoforganizationandmanagement,savingtheinternaltransactioncosts.Harmoniousdevelopmentofharmoniousdevelopment--istoconstructa"foreign"environmentfordevelopment."XING"referstothe"internalsecurityfirmandinternalmanagementoftheinternalmanagementmeasuresareeffective,harmonious".　　"Foreigncurrency"means"Enterprisecoordinatingdevelopmentofhomeopathy,well,getalongwiththeneighborsbetter."(B)XX2013fiveenterprisesbuildingintrinsicsafetypowercompanygoalsare:unplannedoutage0times.Classofdisorders0,0isequivalentforcedoutagerate.Nopersonalinjuryaccident,materialandequipmentaccidentsdonotoccur,nofire,noenvironmentalpollutionaccident.　　Enterpriseintegratedtoachievezerocasesofviolation,zeroaccidents,zero.Qualitygoalis:whengeneratingcapacity≥7.5billion-kilowatt,salesofover7.11billionkWh,totalprofitsof≥306.6millionYuan,...BFS++、PI、MIS、SCMInformationsystemsinfrastructure,fullyintegratedinformationsystemtorealizeinformationresourcessharing;toexpandthebreadthanddepthoftheportalsystem,informationsystemofEnterpriseManagementAssistantroletoplay;toimprovetheday-to-dayoperationandmaintenanceoperationrecordofpromotingcausesandtransfersystem;tostrengthenthetrainingsupervisioninlargeandmediumgoodsvehicle.　　Aisestablishedlargevehiclesandsmallvehiclesclassificationmanagementofmotorvehicletestmode,increasedmediumvancar,anddangerousgoodstransportcar,andschoolcartestproject;IIisestablishedmotorvehicletestregulatoryplatform,achievedmotorvehicletestfullprocessvideo,anddataremoteregulatory;threeisstrictlymotorvehicleidentificationmanagement,equippedwithunifiedofidentificationequipmentandtool,usingmobileidentificationTerminal,andlawenforcementrecordsinstrument,technologyidentificationmeans.Asto20XXyearsJune20statewidemotorvehiclekeepvolumefor567,408car,andlastyearearlierthangrowth75,814car,growth13.36%;thisyearJanuary-June,vehiclesmanagementsectionandlicensearchivesmanagementsectiontotalacceptedthemotorvehicleregistrationbusiness42,543cartimes,whichregisteredregistration6,905cartimes,andtransferregistration3,592cartimes,andchangeregistration1033cartimes,andmortgageregistration696cartimes,andcancellationregistration187cartimes,andintobusiness980cartimes,andArchivescorrections81piecestimes,andissuedtestqualifiedlogo25,429cartimes,andothervehiclesbusiness3,640cartimes;supervisionSurveySectionrelieson"motorvehicledetectionremoteissuedtestqualifiedlogosoftwareplatform"supervisionmotorvehicletest,andidentificationsituation7418lliangci,investigationmotorvehicleexceptionbusiness30cartimes,hispardsbusinesswarning244article,vehiclesanddrivingpeoplesoundvideoregulatoryscreenshots1852Zhang,checksmotorvehiclearchives716piecestimes,andmediumbus,andmediumabovetruck,and　　Ofhazardouschemicals,vehiclesandschoolbusesandotherkeyvehicleinspectionrecordof420.　　(C)basedontheirown,andstrictadherencetodefense,morecheating,falsefalsefugitivesuspects,robberysuspectvehiclesandtheInternetcrackdown.DMVfullplaytothe"firstlineofDefense"positioncontrol,investigatingcheating,fakeidentificationandrobberysuspectvehiclesthroughoperationalwork,andcarefullyexaminethedocumentsandlegalproof,checktrafficviolations,trafficaccidents,thefugitivesuspectsuspectedvehiclesandtheftthantowork,furthertightcar,drivingmanagementbusinessformalitiesreviewprocedures....Truckdriverinformationmanagementplatform.　　Motorvehiclesandtrafficpolicedepartments,StatetransportauthoritytofurtherclarifytheDivisionoflabour,implementationresponsibility,strengthenourcollaborationandmanagementtogether,reinforcingthemanagementofdriversonwhichstronglysyntheticwarfareandinformationwarfare.3strictlyimplemented.FromMay1up,aisimplementedcomplexroadandbadweatherdrivingexam,currentlyDMVisurgedcontractorspartyintreasuresdrivingschoolincreasedsimulationHighway,andcontinuousurgentdetours,andsnowdays,andwetslidingroad,andburstsituationdisposal,subjectsIIfieldtodrivingexamproject,isexpectedICS27.140P59备案号：J225—2003中华人民共和国电力行业 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 PDL/T5176—2003水电工程预应力锚固设计规范DesignspecificationofPrestressedanchorageforHydropowerproject2003-01-09发布2003-06-01实施中华人民共和国国家经济贸易委员会发布目次前言Ⅲ1范围12规范性引用文件23总则34术语与符号44.1术语和定义44.2符号75一般规定95.1基本资料95.2预应力锚杆 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 95.3锚固设计的基本内容116锚杆体的选型与设计136.1锚杆体的选型136.2锚杆体的结构设计146.3锚杆体的防护设计166.4张拉力的控制和张拉程序设计177边坡锚固198基础锚固219地下洞室锚固229.1围岩锚固229.2岩壁吊车梁锚固2310预应力闸墩锚固设计2511预应力水工隧洞环形锚固设计2612水工建筑物的补强与锚固2713试验与监测2813.1锚杆试验2813.2锚杆体的原位监测28附录A（规范性附录）胶结材料与围岩的黏结强度30附录B（规范性附录）预应力锚杆锚固试验31条文说明33前言在我国水电水利工程中，应用预应力锚固技术对岩体边坡、地下洞室、建筑物基础、闸墩、水工隧洞等各类结构进行加固或改善应力，取得了良好的效果和一定的经济效益，并积累了丰富经验。为推广应用预应力锚固技术，提高预应力锚固的效能和技术水平，促进水电工程锚固技术的发展，国家经济贸易委员会以电力［2000］22号文《关于确认1999年度电力行业标准制修订计划项目的通知》下达了编制《水电工程预应力锚固设计规范》的任务。水电规划设计标准化技术委员会于2000年12月在北京召开了《水电工程预应力锚固设计规范》编制大纲讨论会。根据大纲审查会纪要的要求，编制组全面 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 了我国预应力锚固技术的应用经验，完成了《水电水利工程预应力锚固技术的应用》、《有关国家和地区预应力锚固规范简介》、《水工隧洞环形锚束式预应力混凝土衬砌》和《〈水电工程预应力锚固设计规范〉按可靠度理论转轨和套改专题研究 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 》等四份专题报告，在此基础上于2001年8月提出了规范初稿，2002年2月提出了规范送审稿。电力行业水电规划设计标准化技术委员会于2002年4月对规范送审稿进行了审查。本标准是应用预应力锚固技术对岩体或水工建筑物实施加固的设计规范，应与其他相关标准配套使用。本标准的结构安全度是根据GB50199《水利水电工程结构可靠度设计统一标准》的原则确定的。本标准的附录A、附录B为规范性附录。本标准由电力行业水电规划设计标准化技术委员会提出、归口并负责解释。本标准负责起草单位：东北勘测设计研究院。本标准参加起草单位：西北勘测设计研究院，武汉大学土木建筑工程学院。本标准主要起草人为：赵长海、苏加林、沈义生、王槟、吕祖珩、黄福德、侯建国、程燕、舒征、苏萍、王文奇、朱振家、李金祥、马军、赵玉江、刘晓刚、陈大华。1范围本标准规定了用于加固岩体和水工建筑物的预应力锚杆的设计原则和方法，适用于下列水电水利工程的锚固设计：1岩质边坡。2地下洞室。3各种水工建筑物的基础。4闸墩。5水工隧洞环形锚束式混凝土衬砌。6岩壁吊车梁。7其他水工建筑物。2规范性引用文件下列文件中的条款通过本标准引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改（不包括勘误的内容）或修订均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。GB175硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥GB50287水利水电工程地质勘察规范DL/T5057水工混凝土结构设计规范JGJ/T92无黏结预应力混凝土结构技术规程SD134水工隧洞设计规范3总则3.0.1锚固设计应以充分利用围岩和岩体的承载能力为基本原则，在地质调查的基础上，根据工程的稳定性和结构应力分析的有关资料，对锚固措施的安全性、合理性进行技术经济比较。3.0.2预应力锚固工程的地质勘察应根据锚固对象的建筑物等级，按GB50287的规定执行。3.0.3预应力锚固工程可采用理论分析和工程类比法设计，重要工程还应根据原位监测结果进行修正，并根据监测结果分析锚固效果，对锚固后的水工建筑物做出稳定状态的评价。3.0.4预应力锚固设计应积极采用新技术、新工艺、新设备和新材料。4术语与符号4.1术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本标准。4.1.1预应力锚固Prestressedanchorage通过对锚杆（索）施加张拉力，使岩体或混凝土结构物达到稳定状态或改善结构物内部应力状况的技术措施。4.1.2预应力锚杆Prestressedanchors施加预应力后的锚杆。本标准将锚杆、锚束统称为锚杆。4.1.3锚束Tensilereinforcingbars数股钢丝、钢绞线或钢筋，按一定规律编排成束的构件。亦称锚索。在预应力闸墩或预应力衬砌中又习惯称为锚束或锚索。4.1.4永久性预应力锚杆Permanentprestressedanchors在永久性工程中布置的使用年限为2年以上的预应力锚杆。4.1.5临时性预应力锚杆Temporaryprestressedanchors在临时性工程中布置的和在永久性工程中布置的使用年限为2年以内的预应力锚杆。4.1.6张拉锚杆Tensileanchors施加张拉力的砂浆锚杆。4.1.7砂浆锚杆groutedanchorbar以普通螺纹钢材为杆体，在锚杆全孔充填水泥砂浆、快硬水泥砂浆或水泥卷的锚杆。4.1.8锚杆体Bodyofanchors预应力锚杆的整体。包括内锚固段、张拉段、外锚头及相连接的所有部件。4.1.9内锚固段Inneranchoredsection预应力锚杆体的内部持力端。它是用胶结材料或用金属加工的机械装置使锚杆内端与被锚固体深部稳定的介质形成整体的区段。4.1.10张拉段Tensilesection对预应力锚杆施加拉力时可以自由伸长的部分，当锚杆锁定后依靠自由伸长部分的弹性变形对被锚固的介质施加预应力。4.1.11外锚头Outerfixedend对锚杆实现张拉和锁定的支撑装置。4.1.12有黏结预应力锚杆Prestressedanchorswithbond锚杆锁定后，张拉段与被锚固介质无相对滑动的预应力锚杆。4.1.13无黏结预应力锚杆Prestressedanchorswithoutbond锚杆张拉锁定后，张拉段与被锚固介质之间能相对移动的预应力锚杆。4.1.14预应力钢材强度利用系数Utilizationfactoronthestrengthofprestressedanchors当预应力锚杆的张拉力达到设计值时，锚杆材料的平均应力值与锚杆材料抗拉强度标准值之比。4.1.15设计张拉力Designtension根据锚固设计需要，并考虑一定安全余度和由于岩体流变、混凝土徐变及钢材松弛可能引起的预应力损失后，确定的每根锚杆应施加的张拉荷载。4.1.16超张拉力Extradesigntension为消除由于锚杆与孔壁的摩擦、锚具的压缩和锚束的回缩而引起的预应力损失，施工时将设计张拉力提高后的实际张拉荷载。4.1.17安装荷载Loadofinstallation预应力锚杆张拉锁定后，锚杆实际存在的荷载。4.1.18永存张拉荷载Eternaltensileload由各种因素造成的预应力损失均完成后，锚杆中保存的预应力值。4.1.19预张拉Pretension预应力锚杆正式张拉作业之前，为使锚束中各股钢丝或钢绞线受力均匀，所进行的张拉作业。4.1.20补偿张拉Compensatorytension预应力锚杆锁定后，为补偿预应力损失而进行的再次张拉作业。4.1.21压力型锚固段Anchoredsectiononthecompressiontype采用无黏结预应力锚杆，并通过改变锚固段结构型式的办法，使内锚固段由受拉状态变为受压状态，用内锚固段的压缩传递张拉力，此时锚固段称之为压力型锚固段。4.1.22压力集中型锚固段Anchoredsectiononthecompression-concentrationtype内锚固段采用一个承载体，对预应力锚杆施加的张拉力全部集中在一个承载体的内锚固段内，这样的内锚固段称之为压力集中型锚固段。4.1.23压力分散型锚固段Anchoredsectiononthecompression-dispersiontype内锚固段采用多个承载体，对预应力锚杆施加的张拉力，分散在每一个承载体的锚固段内，这样的内锚固段称之为压力分散型锚固段。4.2符号L——预应力锚杆长度；L1——内锚固段长度；L2——张拉段长度；L3——外露段长度；Pm——单根预应力锚杆超张拉力；P——单根预应力锚杆设计张拉力；c——胶结材料与孔壁的黏结强度；D——锚杆孔直径；n——预应力锚杆根数；A——单根预应力锚杆所控制的面积；q——引起围岩失去稳定的下滑力；P1——需要预应力锚杆提供的支护抗力；P2——砂浆锚杆提供的支护抗力；P3——钢筋网喷射混凝土提供的支护抗力；P0——围岩具有的支护抗力；——锚固角（预应力锚杆轴线与水平面的夹角）；——滑动面（软弱结构面）与水平面的夹角；——内摩擦角；0——结构的重要性系数；——设计状况系数；d——结构系数；p——单根预应力锚杆张拉力分项系数；c——黏结强度分项系数；Q——下滑力作用分项系数；k——抗滑力作用分