学术英语 医学

学术英语医学第1页，共84页。Unit2ResurgentandEmergentDiseasesAlthoughgreatprogresshasbeenmadeinthetreatmentandpreventionofdiseasesinthelastcentury,thereisnoreasonforcomplacence.Humanhealthisconstantlythreatenednotonlybyemergingdiseasesbutalsobyre-emergingonesoncethoughttohavebeencontrolledoreradicated.Whatcausesnewdiseases?Whydotheoldenemiesresurge?Whatresourcesareavailableforustomeetsuchchallenges?Whatmeasuresshouldwetaketopreventandreducethosethreats?Thisunithelpsyoutogaininsightintothoseissues.第2页，共84页。Unit2ResurgentandEmergentDiseasesUnitContentsLead-inTextATextBTextCGetreadyforUnit3ListeningSpeakingWriting第3页，共84页。Lead-inIssuestobecoveredTaskUnit2ResurgentandEmergentDiseases第4页，共84页。Lead-inReasonsforemergingandre-emergingdiseasesUpdatedinformationaboutsomemostcommoninfectiousdiseasessuchasTBepidemicworldwideandparticularlyinChinaMeasurestobetakentoreduceandpreventoutbreaksofinfectiousdiseasesanddevelopmentofnoninfectiousdiseasesIssuestobecovered第5页，共84页。Lead-inWhatcanbeseenfromthefollowingtitlesofnewsreports?WestNileoutbreaklargesteverinU.S.http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/22/health/west-nile-virus/index.htmlAugust23,2012,theNewYorkTimesWestNileepidemic“worstinhistory” asvirusinfects1,118inAmericaandleaves41deadhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2192303/West-Nile-virus-West-Nile-epidemic-worst-history-virus-infects-1-118-America-leaves-41-dead.html23August2012Page26第6页，共84页。Lead-ininformation-fillingtaskOutbreakYearCausePrevalenceSARS2002-2003SARScoronavirusStartinginChinaandspreadinggloballyAvianflu2007H5N1FirstreportedinSouthKoreaandbecomingaglobaloutbreakSwineflu2009H1N1ApandemicstartinginMexicoPage26第7页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinking–Topicsforpresentation–Usefulexpressions–DifficultsentencesSuggestedanswersPage26第8页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterReemergingDiseasesBevulnerabletotheancientmicrobialenemiesPage26第9页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterinternecinesquabblesinCongress“NewFluStrainSpreads:DeathTollReachesHalfMillion.”Page26第10页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterSurgeonGeneralAntibioticsandvaccinesmedicalcommunityfrompenicillintopolioJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationdeathraterespiratoryinfectionsPage26-27第11页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterTheWorldHealthOrganizationWHOCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionCDCapreventionstrategypublicawarenessofinfectiousdiseasePage27第12页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterSixdiseasesidentifiedbyWTHtobemonitoredforre-emergenceDiphtheriaCholeradenguefeveryellowfeverbubonicplaguePage27第13页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterattendingtothehealthconditionsoftheglobethelastEbolaflare-uppathogenicmicrobespublichealthauthoritiestheepidemiologydivisioninColumbia’sSchoolofPublicHealthPage28第14页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterclinicalprofessorofmedicineinterimchiefofinfectiousdiseaseColumbia-PresbyterianMedicalCenterTBistheresultofsocioeconomicconditionsandhumanbehavior.PrisonsandhomelesssheltersasidealvenuesforTBspread,withconfinedpopulationsinclosequarters.Page28第15页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterdrugresistanceincompletecoursesofantibiotictherapy>>>>>>thehardiest>>>>>>>>>new,morepowerfullineagesmulti-drug-resistantstrainofTBTBalsohitchedarideontheHIVwagonbyattackingtheimmunocompromised—anemergingdiseasethushelpingreigniteanoldone.Page28第16页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterachangeinvirulence,reflectingmutationintheexteriorofthebacteriumThemisnamed“flesh-eatingbacteria”http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=61933http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necrotizing_fasciitisrheumaticfeverscarletfeverPage28第17页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterFlulikewisechangesitscoatandinturnitslevelofvirulence.thepandemicof1918-1919http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_flu_pandemichttp://virus.stanford.edu/uda/Thefluvirusisatrickster.Why?“Oldwineinnewbottles.”publichealthmeasuresPage28-29第18页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterVaccinationpracticesthepertussisanddiphtheriathreatsneurologicalcomplicationsthewaningofimmunityacrumblingpublichealthinfrastructureorganizedvaccinationeffortsvaccinationratesDenguefeverPage29第19页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterEvenmalariahasthepotentialtobecomefamiliaragaindomestically,especiallyifwarmerweathercombinedwithurbanblightbringsmosquitoesandmalariacarrierstogether.withstagnantwaterservingasmosquitobreedingpoolsPage29第20页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterfutureheadlinesfreeofnewsofworldwidepandemicseternalvigilanceclosecooperationwiththeCDCPage30第21页，共84页。Topicsforpresentation1.Whatdoestheauthorimplybymentioningtwochoices?(Pre.1)People’sinadequateconsciousnessenoughabouttheconsequenceofneglectingtheemergingandreemerginginfectiousdiseasesUnjustifiabilityofpeople’scomplacencyaboutthepreventionandcontroloftheinfectiousdiseasesUnfinishedwaragainstinfectiousdiseasePage26TextACriticalreadingandthinking第22页，共84页。2.Describetheheadydaysofvictorydeclarationsandwhatfollowedeversince.(Pre.2)VictorydeclarationsSurgeonGeneralWilliamStewart’shyperbolicstatementofclosing“thebookoninfectiousdisease”AstringofimpressivevictoriesincurredbyantibioticsandvaccinesThethoughtthatthewaragainstinfectiousdiseaseswasalmostoverPage26TextACriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation第23页，共84页。2.Describetheheadydaysofvictorydeclarationsandwhatfollowedeversince.(Pre.2)Out-of-expectationoutcomeAppearanceofnewdiseasessuchasAIDSandEbolaComebackoftheoldafflictionsDiphtheriaintheformerSovietUnionTBinurbancenterslikeNewYorkCityRisingSroupAstreptococcalconditionslikescarletfeverThefearofapowerfulnewflustrainsweepingtheworldPage26TextACriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation第24页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation3.Elaborateonthejoinedbattle.(Pre.3)WHO:establishmentofanewdivisiondevotedworldwidesurveillanceandcontrolofemergingdiseaseinOct.1995CDC:launchingpreventionstrategyin1994Congress:raisingfundfrom$6.7millionin1995to$26millionfor1997Page27第25页，共84页。Topicsforpresentation4.Justify“therealizationthatworldhealthisindivisible”.(Pre.4)AttentiontothehealthconditionsoftheglobebeforesatisfyingOURmostparochialneedsMeaninglessnessofborderstopathogenicmicrobesWith24hoursoftime,fromacrowdedmarketplaceinKikwit,ZairetoaNewYorkCitysubwayPage27TextACriticalreadingandthinking第26页，共84页。5.Exemplifythestatementthat“Everyreturningconditionmarchestothebeatofadifferentdrum.”(Pre.5)fluConstantchangesinitscoat(surfaceantigens)andresultantchangesinitslevelofvirulenceLoomingnextflupandemicasbadasthatof1918Page28TextACriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation第27页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation5.Exemplifythestatementthat“Everyreturningconditionmarchestothebeatofadifferentdrum.”(Pre.5)TBPrisonsandhomelesssheltersasidealvenuesforTBspreadDevelopmentofdrug-resistantstrainsorevenmulti-drug-resistantstrainArideontheHIVwagonbyattackingtheimmunocompromisedPage28第28页，共84页。5.Exemplifythestatementthat“Everyreturningconditionmarchestothebeatofadifferentdrum.”(Pre.5)GroupAstrepAchangeinvirulenceMutationintheexteriorofthebacteriumfleshing-eatingbacteriaof1994rheumaticfeverscarletfeverPage28TextACriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation第29页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation6.Vaccinationpracticesareattheheartofthemostinfectiousdiseases.Useexamplestoproveit.(Pre.6)WaningimmunitySeriousdiphtheriasituationintheformerSovietUnionDeteriorationinsomeAmericancitiesIncreasedreportsofmalariaPage29第30页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation7.WhatarethefourareasoffocusaccordingtoBobHoward?(Pre.7)NeedforsurveillanceUpdatedsciencecapableofdealingwithdiscoveriesinthefieldAppropriatepreventionandcontrolStrongpublichealthinfrastructurePage30第31页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation8.“Oldenemiesneverdies.”Justifyitmedically.(Pre.8)ResurgenceofinfectiousdiseasesTBFluDiphtheriaScarletfeverPage26-30第32页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressions“closethebookoninfectiousdisease.”Page26第33页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingDifficultSentences…whichneverreallywentaway,thoughupscaleoperabuffsmighthavethoughtitwasconfinedtoproductionsof“LaBoheme”………虽然上层社会的歌剧迷们也许觉得结核病只是歌剧《波西米亚人》中的创作，而事实上,结核病就从来没有消失过……。歌剧《波西米亚人》的女主人公咪咪死于肺结核。Page27第34页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingDifficultSentences“Emergence”isinfactregression,areturntothestandardthatprevaileduniversallyinthepreviouscentury,“出现新病”实际上是一种退步，又回到上个世纪普遍存在的水平。Page27第35页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingDifficultSentences“Thewarhasbeenwon”,onescientistrecentlyquipped.“Bytheotherside.”“战争胜利了”，最近有位科学家嘲弄道。”是对方（传染病）获胜。”Page27第36页，共84页。IllustrationbythefilmDustinHoffmanOutbreakPage27第37页，共84页。Task1MedicalTerminologyEnglishChinese1.antigen抗原2.microbe微生物3.virulence毒力，毒性4.biological生物的5.pandemic大流行6.antibiotic抗生素7.pathogenic致病的8.epidemiology流行病学9.streptococcus链球菌10.immunocompromised免疫受损的Page33-34TextASuggestedAnswers第38页，共84页。TextALanguagebuilding-upTask2SignpostLanguageClassificationtwochoicessixdiseasesfourareasoffocuskindtypekindPage35第39页，共84页。TextALanguagebuilding-upTask3FormalEnglish1.vanquished2.sentiment3.venues4.crumbling5.quipped6.prevailedPage35-36第40页，共84页。AdditionalactivityResurgenttuberculosisisnotconfinedonlytoUK.Itisglobal,andChinaisnoexception.ItisurgentandpertinenttoknowthecurrentsituationoftuberculosisprevalenceinChina,whichcallsforaninvestigation.WorkinasmallgroupandconductaresearchfocusedonthefollowingaspectsinChina:historicalreviewofTBepidemiologycurrentincidenceofTBmeasuresandpoliciesadoptedtocontrolandpreventthedisease.Page44第41页，共84页。TextBPage37CriticalreadingandthinkingSuggestedanswers第42页，共84页。TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterBeingovershadowedbyHIV,malaria,andswinefluBeingconsignedbythepublictohistoryandnovelssuchasJaneEyrePublicignoranceofthefacts:aserioussituationPage37第43页，共84页。TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterRoughlyone-thirdoftheworld’spopulationinfectedwithtuberculosisbacilliAnewinfectionoccurringeverysecondOnein10developingintoactivedisease9.4millionpeoplein2008$1.1billionforHIV,$468.5millionformalaria,andjust$410.4millionforTBSpreadingdrugresistance,andevenmorefrighteningextensivelydrug-resistant(XDR)tuberculosisPage38第44页，共84页。TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterMalaria:thelikesofCherylCole6andotherjet-settingsafariloversHIV:arelativelyaffluent,successfulpopulationofwhitemeninthedevelopedworldTuberculosis:however,adiseaseofthene’er-do-wells“thevanishedbloomandwastedflesh”ofsuffererswassplashedacrossplay-houses,poetryandnovels第45页，共84页。TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterTheaggressiveapproachinthescreeninganddiagnosisoflatenttuberculosisUS:screeningamongnewentrantsfromcountrieswithanincidencegreaterthan20per100,000populationUK:Furtherinvestigationsuggestedforthosefromcountrieswithanincidencegreaterthan20per100,000populationPage39第46页，共84页。TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterUseoflowercut-offforpositivetuberculinskintestsbyUSMoreaggressiveinitstargetingandtreatmentofat-riskgroupsinUSPage39第47页，共84页。TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterWorldTuberculosisDay(P40)On24MarcheachyearIncelebrationofDr.RobertKoch’sdiscoveryin1882ofthetuberculosisbacillusasthecauseofTBStopTuberculosisPartnership,aimingtohalvethenumbersofdeathsduetotuberculosisby2015Page40第48页，共84页。TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterTuberculosisAlert(P40)Setupjustover10yearsagoInresponsetotheresurgentthreatoftuberculosisintheUKAimingtoheightenawarenessoftuberculosisandsupportcommunity-basedtreatmentintheUKandabroadContinuingtogrowPage40第49页，共84页。TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatteroutreachwork(P40)ReachingouttothemorevulnerablemembersofsocietyExtensiontoothermajorcitiesPage40第50页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterthedutyofprofessionalsworkinginthehealthsystem(P41)TohelpputtuberculosisonboththepublicagendaandthatofthenewGovernmentToeducatelocalMP,encouragethemtojointheAPPGfortuberculosis,campaignforfurtherfundingtoimproveservicesandexpandresearchintonewmedicationsTosupportourpatientstospeakoutabouttheirexperiencesoftuberculosis,reducedelaytodiagnosisandhelptodispelthestigmaattachedtothisdiseasePage41第51页，共84页。TextACriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsovershadowHewasanexcellentplayer,buthewasovershadowedbyJordan.themediaspotlighttheworld’ssecondmostlethalinfectiousdiseaseconsumptionhasbeeneradicatedinthedevelopedworldPage37第52页，共84页。TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingWhatdidtheyhaveincommon?JaneEyreLIN,DaiyuJaneAustenEdgarAllanPoetheBrontësistersPage37-38第53页，共84页。TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsbeinfectedwithaccordingtoestimates…toanestimated863,000deathsdrugresistanceextensivelydrug-resistanttotallydrug-resistantsideeffectsmedical,socialandpsychologicalsupportPage38第54页，共84页。TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsthelikesofCherylColethelikesofJaneAusteninthedevelopedworldthemediainterestatitspeakPage38第55页，共84页。TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsthegeneralpublicbehardtostomachOnarrivaltotheUKwithanormalchestradiographcosteffectivenesstuberculinskintestsInterferongammatestsfewerclinicvisitsat-riskgroupsPage39第56页，共84页。TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsontracktoachievingthisinAmericathetopicunderdiscussionPage40第57页，共84页。TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsintheUKandabroadinChinaandabroadbothabroadandathomeThepowerofpublicitytohelpimprovefundingandinvestmentshouldnotbeunderestimated.Page40第58页，共84页。TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsgainaccesstothemorevulnerablemembersofsocietyintravenousdrugusersOtherlessonscanbelearnedfromtheUSA…immigrationhascauseddiseasetosoar…A15-year-oldschoolgirldyingfromacurablediseaseshouldbewhatgrabstheattentionhere.Onitswebsiteitsaimsseemtofocus,inthemajority,ontacklingtuberculosisglobally,butperhapsweshouldbelookingclosertohome.Page40-41第59页，共84页。TextBCriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsprofessionalsworkingwithinthehealthsystemOrganizationssuchasTuberculosisAlerthavebranchedintotheavenuesofpowerfulnewmediaoutletssuchasFacebookandTwitter,theuseofwhichshouldbeexploredfurther.Weliveinmulticulturalsocieties.Ashealthprofessionalsitisvitalwe(should)maintainourbroadknowledgeofdiseasetoenableearlydiagnosisandeffectivetreatment.Atthemoment,wearenowherenear.=?Atthemoment,wearefaroff.Page41第60页，共84页。TextBSuggestedanswersTrueorFalseQuestionsFFFTTTFF第61页，共84页。TextBSuggestedanswersTask2ComprehensionandDiscussiontuberculosisasaforgottenplight(Page37)realityoftuberculosis(Page38)differencesbetweentheUKandUSAscreeningprogrammes(Pages39-40)WorldTuberculosisDay(Page40)TuberculosisAlert(Page40)outreachwork(Page40)thedutyofprofessionalsworkinginthehealthsystem(Page41)第62页，共84页。TextCLanguagebuilding-upSuggestedanswers第63页，共84页。reasonsforinfectiousdiseasesremainingamongtheleadingcausesofdeathworldwideemergenceofnewinfectiousdiseasesre-emergenceofoldinfectiousdiseasespersistenceofintractableinfectiousdiseasesexoticanimalsforpetsexoticanimalsasfoodsourcescloserandmorefrequentcontactwithpathogensmonkeypoxSARSgeneticreasonsFluhumanbehaviorbio-terrorismsmallpoxanthraxfood-andwaterborneinfections,dengue,WestNilevirustuberculosis,malaria,nosocomial,andfoodborneinfectionsTextCSuggestedanswersKeytoTask第64页，共84页。ListeningUnit2ResurgentandEmergentDiseases第65页，共84页。ListeningFindingMajorPointsPausingbeforestartinganimportantpointUsingrepetitiontoemphasizeapointChangingthepitch,volumeandrhythmofhis/hervoiceforemphasisUsingintroductoryphrasestoprecedeanimportantidea.Forinstance,“Itisessentialforyoutoknow…”,“Rememberthat…”Usefacialgesturesorbodymovementwhentheyareemphasizingapoint第66页，共84页。ListeningSuggestedanswersKeytoTask1ofListeningasincomesrise,healthcandeclinediabetes,obesity,cardiovasculardiseaseandcancerachangeinlifestyle/indietoverallhealthofacountrythelocalcommunityandtheSouthAfricangovernment第67页，共84页。prosperityandnon-communicablediseasesEconomicprosperityinIndiaandChinaRisingincomeAgrowingmiddleclassDeclineinhealth:asurgeofnon-communicablediseasediabetesobesitycardiovasculardiseasecancerTextCSuggestedanswersKeytoTask2ofListening第68页，共84页。TextCSuggestedanswersKeytoTask2ofListeningProjectHOPEAcallingontheU.N.:strongactionsonTreatmentPreventionThehealth-basedNGO:programsin35countrieson5continentsProjectHOPELtheHOPECenterlocatedinJohannesburg,SouthAfrica第69页，共84页。TextCSuggestedanswersKeytoTask2ofListeningriseinfoodpricesandhealthDietchangeasaresultofsharpriseinfoodpriceAmajorblowtothepoorLesshealthyfood(fruitsandvegetables)butmorecheaper,lesshealthyfoodDeclineofoverallhealthofacountry第70页，共84页。strainedpublichealthsysteminSouthAfricaAwelldocumentedproblemwithHIVandTBMorepeoplegoingintotheclinicswithdiabetesandhypertensionTextCSuggestedanswersKeytoTask2ofListening第71页，共84页。TextCSuggestedanswersKeytoTask2ofListeningthemissionofProjectHOPEcenterDiabetesclinicwiththelatestdiagnosticandtreatmentoptionsPeersupportgroupstohelppeoplemanagetheirdiseasemakehealthierlifestylechangesTraininggovernmenthealthworkersaboutNCDstohelpraisegeneralawareness第72页，共84页。SpeakingHowtointerruptpolitelyTaskUnit2ResurgentandEmergentDiseases第73页，共84页。SpeakingHowtoInterruptPolitelyInterruptandtakeyourturnattherighttimeUsetherightexpressionIfIcouldjustcomeinhere.MayI…Excuseme,but…CouldIpleasejustfinishmypoint?AsIwassaying…第74页，共84页。SpeakingHowtoInterruptPolitelyInterruptandtakeyourturnattherighttimeUsetherightexpressionSorrytointerrupt,but....I’djustliketosaythat...Whatdoyouthinkabout...?第75页，共84页。SpeakingNowworkwithapartnerandusethepoliteexpressionslistedabovetoaskeachothertoclarifythefollowingtermswithoutreferringtoTextAandTextB.re-emergentinfectiousdiseasesmulti-drug-resistantstraintheimmunocompromisedscreeningprogrammespandemicinfluenzaspathogenicmicrobelatenttuberculosisdrugresistance Task第76页，共84页。SpeakingResurgenttuberculosisisnotconfinedonlytoUK.Itisglobal,andChinaisnoexception.ItisurgentandpertinenttoknowthecurrentsituationoftuberculosisprevalenceinChina,whichcallsforaninvestigation.WorkinasmallgroupandconductaresearchfocusedonthefollowingaspectsinChina:historicalreviewofTBepidemiologycurrentincidenceofTBmeasuresandpoliciesadoptedtocontrolandpreventthedisease.GroupPresentation第77页，共84页。WritingWritingatitleTaskUnit2ResurgentandEmergentDiseases第78页，共84页。WritingResearchPaperProjectAmedicaljournalarticlemainlyconsistsof:titleauthorabstractkeywordsintroductionmethodsresults/findingsdiscussion/commentconclusionreferences第79页，共84页。WritingResearchPaperProjectFeaturesofagoodtitleAccuracySaywhatyoumean,andmeanwhatyousay.ConcisenessWritewithprecisionandeconomy.InformativeSayenoughaboutwhatyouwanttosayandwhatthereadersneedtoknow.Writingatitle第80页，共84页。WritingResearchPaperProjectFormsofatitleAllwordscapitalizedPATIENT-PHYSICIANRELATIONSHIPINSURGICALSTUDENTSContentwordscapitalizedPatient-physicianRelationshipinSurgicalStudentsOnlythefirstwordcapitalizedPatient–physicianrelationshipinsurgicalstudentsWritingatitle第81页，共84页。WritingResearchPaperProjectSearchthejournalslikeJAMAandNewEnglandJournalofMedicinetofindsomepaperswithtitlesofthefollowingtypes.Task第82页，共84页。WritingResearchPaperProjectNounPhraseGerundSentenceCombinationTask第83页，共84页。GetreadyforUnit3PresentationsforUnit3Unit2ResurgentandEmergentDiseases第84页，共84页。