EN10160--德国超声检验规程

Ultrasonic testing of steel flat products of thickness equal or greater than 6 mm (reflection method) 厚度等于或大于 6 毫米的钢板产品超声检验规程(反射法) DIN EN 10160: 1999 Contents 目录 Foreword 前言 .................................................................................................................................................. 1 1 Scope 第一章 适用范围 ............................................................................................................................... 2 2 Normative references 第二章 相关 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 ...................................................................................................... 2 3 Terms and definitions 第三章 术语和定义 .................................................................................................. 3 4 Principle 第四章 检测原理 .......................................................................................................................... 4 5 Personnel 第五章 探伤人员资格 ................................................................................................................. 4 6 Apparatus 第六章 仪 器 .............................................................................................................................. 4 7 Coupling conditions - Surface condition of the flat product 第七章 耦合状态——钢板表面条件 6 8 Scanning plan 第八章 扫描 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 .................................................................................................................. 7 9 Procedure 第九章 程序 ................................................................................................................................ 7 10 Acceptance criteria 第十章 接受标准 ...................................................................................................... 10 在订购 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 框架内，（供应商）可提供不同质量等级的钢板/或棱边产品。 ........................................... 10 11 Test report 第十一章 检验报告 ............................................................................................................... 10 Annex A ........................................................................................................................................................... 12 图一、代表性用语示意图 ............................................................................................................................. 13 Foreword 前言 This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS/TC 1 "Steel Physic-chemical and non-destructive testing", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. 本欧洲标准由ECISS/TC 1*) “钢材理化和非破坏性试验”技术协会起草，该技术协会的秘书由法国标准化协 会(AFNOR)派遣。 This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2000, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2000. 本欧洲标准应以国家标准状态发布，或者发行同一的文件或者背书，最迟不得晚于2000年元月份，与本标 准相悖的国家标准应在2000年元月份前废止。 According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 根据欧洲标准化协会/欧洲电工标准化委员会（CEN/ CENELEC）的内部规定，下列国家的国家标准化组织 有义务采用本欧洲标准：奥地利、比利时、捷克共和国、丹麦、芬兰、法国、德国、瑞士、冰岛、爱尔兰、 意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、挪威、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士和英国。 1 Scope 第一章 适用范围 This European Standard describes a method for the ultrasonic testing of uncoated flat steel product for internal discontinuities. It is applicable to flat product in nominal thickness range of 6 mm to 200 mm of non-alloyed or alloyed steel, excluding austenitic or austenoferritic steels. However, this standard may be applied to the latter types of steels provided that the difference between the amplitude of the noise signal and that of the echo detection threshold is sufficient for the limit fixed. 本欧洲标准介绍了未经涂布的钢板的内部裂纹现象的超声试验测定方法，适用于厚度在 6 毫米至 200 毫米 的除奥氏体或奥氏-铁素体以外的合金或非合金钢材产品的检验。但是，如果噪声信号和回声检测阈值之间 的差异幅度足以限制固定的话，这一标准可以适用于后者。 This standard also defines four quality classes for the flat product body (classes S0, S1, S2 and S3) and 5 c1asses (E0, E1, E2, E3, E4) for the edges in accordance with the criteria specified in clause 9. 本标准同时为钢板规定了四个质量等级（S0, S1, S2 和 S3级）并根据第九章的质量条款为棱边规定了五个 质量等级(E0, E1, E2, E3, E4)。 Other methods of testing (e.g. by transmission) or other test equipments may be used at the manufacturer's discretion provided that they give identical results to those obtained under the conditions of this standard. In the event of a dispute, only the method defined in this standard shall prevail. 在能够得到与根据本标准条件测得的相一致的结果的前提下，其它试验方法（例如在线测试）或者其它试 验设备可以用于制造商对产品内部裂纹现象的判定。在相左情况下，以本标准为准。 Testing of flat product of thickness less than 6 mm may be the subject of special agreements between the parties concerned. 特殊 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 的相关方也可以要求对厚度小于 6 毫米的钢板进行检验。 The inspection is normally carried out in the place of production or on the premises of the supplier. If specified on the order, the inspection may take place in the presence of the purchaser or his representative 1) 。 一般情况下，检验在产品生产地或者在供应商的仓库进行。如果订单上有相关条款规定，也可以在购买商 或其代表的监理下进行注解 1）。 A list of equivalent terms in several European languages is given in annex A. 附件 A 给出了相同术语的几种欧洲语言表达形式。 2 Normative references 第二章 相关标准 This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. 下面列出了本欧洲标准引用的注明日期或未注明日期的文件清单。这些被引用的相关标准，凡是未注明日 期的文件，其最新版本适用于本标准；凡是注明了日期的文件，只有当通过修订或再版而引用进来时，才 适用于本标准。 EN 473, Qualification and certification of NDT personnel - General principles EN 473 无损探伤（NDT）人员的资格和证书——一般原则 pr EN 1330-4, Non destructive testing - Terminology - Part 4 : Terms used in ultrasoning testing pr EN 1330-4，无损探伤术语——第四部分：用于超声检验的术语 3 Terms and definitions 第三章 术语和定义 For the purposes of this European Standard, the definitions given in pr EN 1330-4 and the following definitions apply: 为了确切地理解本标准，本欧洲标准采用下列术语定义和 pr EN 1330-4 定义的术语： 3.1 internal discontinuity 内部裂纹 any imperfection lying within the thickness of the flat product, e.g. planar or laminar imperfection, single-plane or multi-plane inclusion bands or clusters 任何存在于钢板产品厚度内的缺陷，例如平面或薄片状的缺陷，单层的或多层的，无论带状还是丛生状。 NOTE It is referred in the text as discontinuity. 说明 标准中称为裂纹。 3.2 defect 缺陷 unacceptable internal discontinuity, i.e. exceeding the specified maximum size or population density limits 不可接受的内部裂纹，也就是裂纹尺寸超出了规定的最大限度或密度分布超出了极限数量。 3.3 Population density 分布密度 the number of individual internal discontinuities of a size greater than a specified minimum size and less than a specified maximum size per specified area of body or length of edge zone 在规定的区域或一定的棱边长度范围内，那些大于最小尺寸、小于最大尺寸的单一裂纹的数量。 3.4 manual and assisted manual testing 手动检测和辅助手动检测 testing by an operator applying an ultrasonic probe, or probes, to the flat product surface, manually executing the appropriate scanning pattern on the flat product surface and visually assessing ultrasonic signal indications on the electronic equipment screen either by direct viewing or by built-in signal amplitude alarm devices 操作者使用一个或多个超声波探头放在钢板表面进行检测，手动进行适当的试样扫描，直接或者通过内置 的信号振幅报警装置观察电子设备上的超声波信号显示器。 3.5 automatic and semi-automatic testing 自动或半自动检测 testing using a mechanized means of applying the ultrasonic probe or probes to, and executing the appropriate scanning pattern on the flat product surface, together with ultrasonic signal indication evaluation by electronic means. Such testing can be either fully automatic with no operator involvement or semi-automatic when the operator performs basic equipment operation functions 采用机械化装置并配备一个电子的超声波信号识别评价系统，用一个或多个超声波探头放在钢板表面进行 检测，进行适当的试样扫描。这种检测流程可以实现全自动或半自动的超声波检测——半自动状态下，检 测者进行基本的设备操作。 4 Principle 第四章 检测原理 The method used is based on the reflection of ultrasonic waves (generally longitudinal), the mean direction of which is perpendicular to the surface of the product. The examination consists of : 本方法基于超声波的反射原理（通常是纵向的），有意义的是垂直于钢板表面的反射（现象）。检验由下列 各项组成： a) locating any discontinuity by comparing the amplitude of the discontinuity echo with the amplitude of the echo of a flat-bottomed hole of a given diameter and located at the same depth as the discontinuity. 通过比较来自平底孔和被测试区域的回声振幅来锁定裂纹缺陷的存在与否及其大小和深度。 NOTE Only those discontinuities giving an echo at least equivalent in amplitude to that of the echo obtained with the reference flat-bottomed hole are taken into consideration ; 说明 只有那些至少与来自与平底孔的回声振幅相同的从被测试区反射回的回声才纳入考虑范围； b) then determining its area, the contour of the discontinuity being defined by the positions of the centre of the probe corresponding to a echo amplitude of half the maximum amplitude of the discontinuity under consideration (6 dB method). 然后确定其区域，裂纹的边缘定义为相应的回声振幅为裂纹的最大回声振幅一半位置时探头的中心点（所 形成的曲线）（6 分贝法）。 The examination is carried out during the first ultrasonic scan for all the flat product thicknesses and from one side only. 在第一次超声扫描过程中，进行检验；对任何的厚度钢板只需扫描一侧。 5 Personnel 第五章 探伤人员资格 Testing is carried out by qualified personnel under the responsibility of a level 3 individual certified in accordance with EN 473. 按照 EN473 标准，经过特殊培训并取得三级单项资质认证的人员才能进行操作。 6 Apparatus 第六章 仪 器 6.1 Description 关于仪器 The detection apparatus shall be equipped with an oscilloscope screen allowing the path of the ultrasonic waves in the flat product to be followed. The oscillograms shall be c1early visible, the peaks corresponding to the successive echoes being sharp and very clear; the apparatus shall be suitably calibrated and shall be equipped with an amplifier marked in decibels. 检测仪器应配备示波器屏幕，以跟踪监视用于钢板产品的超声波的反射情况。该示波器应清晰可见，相应 的峰值连续回波应即时明确地显现；仪器具应配备放大器并作适当调整，同时显示着分贝数。 Both ultrasonic testing apparatus with display monitor and amplifier control graduated in dB, or apparatus without display monitor can be used. Apparatus without display monitor shall be able to carry out automatic amplitude testing and evaluation and their unit of measurement shall be calibrated in dB. 配备有显示器和分贝调整放大器的超声检测仪器，或不具备显示器的仪器都可以使用。不具备显示器的仪 器应能自动检测振幅并进行评价，其计量单位应校准为分贝。 It shall be possible to regulate amplification, power and time base. 放大（倍数）、功率和时基线（扫描发生器）都应是可调的。 The apparatus includes at least one probe which may be either a probe with a single transducer serving for both emission and reception (single probe) or a double transducer probe (separate emission-reception transducers). The mean direction of the waves emitted and received shall be perpendicular to the surface of the product. 仪器应包括至少一个探头。可以是单一的探头传感器服务于发射和接收（单探头），也可以是双传感器探 头（单独发射单独接收传感器）。波的发射和接收的主要方向应垂直于表面的产品。 The probe shall have a frequency and dimensions such that the required sensitivity can be guaranteed throughout the extent of the test field. 探头须有一个适当的频率和形状以保证整个检测范围的区域所需的敏感性。 The single probes shall be such that their dead zone is as small as possible, i.e. 15 % of the flat product thickness or 15 mm whichever is the smaller. The focusing zone of the double transducer probes shall be adapted to the thickness of the flat product. 单探头，应使他们的探测死角尽可能小，譬如 15 ％的钢板厚度或 15 毫米，看两者哪一个更小。双传感器 探头的聚焦区应适应钢板的厚度。 The main dimensions of probes are 10 mm to 25 mm in diameter and the probes shall have a nominal frequency in the range of 2 MHz to 5 MHz. Probes of larger dimension and of a nominal frequency that is outside the range of 2 MHz to 5 MHz may be used for automatic or semi-automatic testing and/or when the flat product exhibits high attenuation provided that the main requirements of this standard are met. 探头的直径一般在 10 毫米至 25 毫米；探头的公称频率范围在 2 至 5 兆赫。大规格和公称频率在 2 至 5 兆赫范围以外的探头可用于自动或半自动测试和/或用于产品满足了这个标准的主要要求，而高衰减现象出 现的情况下。 The type of the probe depends on the thickness of the flat product as given in table 1: 表一给出了不同钢材厚度所适用探头型号： Table 1 - Type of probe 表一、探头的型号 Nominal thickness of the flat product (e) or depth of any discontinuity zone 钢材产品的公称厚度或可能的裂纹区深度 Type of probe 探头的型号 6 mm≤ e ≤ 60 mm Double transducer probe 双传感器探头 60 mm ≤ e ≤ 200 mm Single or double transducer probe a) b)单或双传感器探头 注释 a) b) 注释： a) In the event of a dispute, the type of probe to be used shall be the subject of an agreement. 在发生争议时，探针的类型应在协议中约定。 b) Where automatic testing is carried out using immersion or water column techniques, it is permissible to use single crystal probes< 60 mm thick. 使用（耦合剂）浸渍探头或采用水柱技术进行自动检测时，允许使用小于 60 毫米厚的单晶探头。 The probe may be either hand held, or mounted on a continuous testing apparatus with a scanning speed sufficiently low for the discontinuities to be easily located taking into account the display delay of the screen, or fitted with a device which indicates the discontinuity. 探头可以用手握着或是装在检测设备上。在装在检测设备上的情况下，检测设备的扫描速度要慢到能够很 容易地锁定裂纹并准确地显示到监视屏幕上来，同时要考虑显示的延迟现象。也可以配备适当的装置来显 示列纹。 When double transducer probes are used, the orientation of the barrier separating the two transducers shall be perpendicular to the scanning direction. 在使用双传感器探头的情况下，分隔两个传感器的隔板方向应垂于直扫描方向。 The verification of the apparatus shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant national standards. 仪器的检定（校准）应按有关国家标准执行。 6.2 Adjustment of the apparatus 仪器的调校 Adjustment of the apparatus for use particularly requires that the time base, power and amplification be determined. 调校仪器主要是定义时基线、功率和放大（倍数）。 The time base is adjusted to a value at which the distance, on the oscilloscope screen, between the emission echo and back-wall echo is sufficient to allow a defect echo to be clearly detected between them. 时基线的调校是为了确定发射波和背面回声间在示波器屏幕上显示的时差，以便使它们与缺陷回声清楚地 区分开来而准确发现缺陷。 At least, two back-wall echoes should be displayed. 最起码，两个背面的回声应从示波器屏幕上显示出来。 The power and amplification are adjusted in conjunction on a sound area which does not give any discontinuity echo. The first back-wall echo shall then be brought up to the maximum amplitude compatible with the height of the screen in the field of Linearity of the apparatus (generally between 80 % and 100 % full screen height). 功率和放大（倍数）的调校需要一个没有任何裂纹（缺陷）回声的区域。第一个背面回声应在仪器的线性 区域内达到与屏幕高度相匹配的最大振幅（一般在屏幕高度的 80 ％和 100 ％之间）。 The system shall be checked at least once every 8 h. 每工作 8 小时，至少要检查一次系统。 7 Coupling conditions - Surface condition of the flat product 第七章 耦合状态——钢板表面条件 The coupling medium shall ensure an adequate contact between the probe and the surface of the flat product. Water is normally used but other coupling media (e.g. oil, paste) may be used at the discretion of the supplier. 耦合剂应确保探头和钢板表面的充分接触。通常采用清水但也可以使用供货商推荐的其它的介质（例如油、 糊状物等）。 The surface condition shall permit at least two successive back-wall echoes to be distinguished when the probe is placed on any area free from internal discontinuities. The flat products are normally examined without any special preparation of the surface. （钢板）的表面应至少能使其成为可能：把探头放在没有内部裂纹（缺陷）的任一区域，能够分辨出来来 自两个背面的回声。 8 Scanning plan 第八章 扫描方案 8.1 General 总则 For the flat product body, the testing is based on statistical methods, unless otherwise specified in the order. 除非另有约定，钢板产品的检验基于统计学方法。 According to the quality class, scanning of the flat product shall be carried out in accordance with 8.2 and/or 8.3. 根据质量等级，钢板产品的扫描按 8.2 和/或 8.3 节的要求进行。 By agreement at the time of order, a scanning with a defined scan coverage or a scanning of all body part of the flat product may be provided, the operating conditions being included in the agreement. 在订立协议时，可以确定扫描范围为全部所供产品的或抽样扫描，操作条件包含在协议中。 8.2 Testing of the flat product body 钢板主体检验 8.2.1 Class S0 and S1 flat product S0 级和 S1级钢板产品 Scanning comprises continuous examination along the lines of a grid made of a 200 mm square parallel to the edges of the flat product, or along parallel or oscillating lines distributed uniformly over the area, giving the same degree of control. （用一个 200 毫米见方的框架）沿平行于钢板棱边、距棱边 200 毫米的距离上设定一条线，探头可以沿直 线进行扫描，也可以沿这条线有规律的震荡扫描，同等控制两者状态。 8.2.2 Class S2 and S3 flat product S2 级和 S3级钢板产品 Scanning comprises continuous examination along the lines of a grid made of a 100 mm square parallel to the edges of the flat product, or along parallel or oscillating lines distributed uniformly over the area, giving the same degree of control. （用一个 100 毫米见方的框架）沿平行于钢板棱边、距棱边 100 毫米距离上设定一条线，探头可以沿直线 进行扫描，也可以沿这条线有规律的震荡扫描，同等控制两者状态。 8.3 Testing of the f1at product edges 钢板产品棱边的检验 Scanning comprises a full examination of a zone in accordance with table 2 over the four edges of the flat product. 根据表二所列区域执行钢板产品四个棱边的全面检验。 Table 2 - Zone width for flat product edges 表二、钢板产品棱边的区域宽度 Thickness of the flat product(e)钢板产品厚度（mm） Zone width 区域宽度（mm） 6 ≤ e ≤ 50 50 50 ≤ e ≤ 100 75 100 ≤ e ≤ 200 100 9 Procedure 第九章 程序 9.1 Sensitivity and range setting 灵敏度及其应用范围设定 For each type of probe, curves shall be used giving : 对每种型号的探头，其工作曲线应当满足下列功能要求： a) the change in the amplitude of the back-wall echo as a function of the thickness of the flat product ; 能根据钢板厚度调节背面回声振幅。 b) the change in the amplitude of the echo of the flat-bottomed hole as a function of its depth, for holes of diameter: 能根据钢板平底孔的深度和大小调节回声振幅。孔的直径大小为： —11 mm for classes S0, S1, E0 and E1; ——S0, S1, E0 和 E1 级：11 毫米； —8 mm for classes S2, E2 and E3; ——S2, E2 和 E3 级：8 毫米； —5 mm for classes S3 and E4 ——S3 和 E4级：5 毫米； The bottom of the hole shall be as flat as practicable, parallel to the ultrasound entry surface and free from pits or score markes that significantly degrade its ultrasonic reflectivity. The tolerance on the diameter of the flat bottomed hole or width of recess shall be + 5 %. 孔的底面，在实际操作中应视为一个平面，这个平面平行于超声波输入表面，没有任何坑点和划痕，能显 著地降低其超声波反射率。平底孔直径的允差或者说凹槽的宽度应为+ 5 ％。 The use of rectangular recesses is permitted provided that the length and width of the recess are chosen to provide an ultrasonic signal response essentially equivalent to that obtained from the stipulated flat bottomed hole using the same equipment/transducer type combination. 在选择了凹槽的长度和宽度、使用同一设备/传感器类型的组合能提供基本上相当于从规定平底孔得到的超 声信号反馈的前提下，允许使用矩形凹槽。 When testing with a double-transducer probe, only the 5 mm diameter hole is used for all the qualities as the characteristic curves corresponding to the 8 mm and 11 mm diameter holes become confused with the curve of the back-wall echo. 在使用双传感器探头的情况下，所有等级的钢板只能使用 5 毫米直径的孔，因为使用 8 毫米和 11 毫米的 孔会导致背面回声工作曲线的混乱。 These curves shall be determined using blocks (graduated block for the curve showing the variation in the amplitude of the back-wall echo and blocks comprising the flat-bottomed holes at different depths for the characteristic curves for 11 mm, 8 mm and 5 mm diameters). The blocks are made of carbon steel with a homogenous structure and each curve shall be determined from at least five points distributed over the entire field of use of the probe. All these curves can be supplied by the manufacturer of the probe. 工作曲线用试块(分等级/刻度的试块和校对试块，通过比较不同深度平底孔背面回声的振幅变化为 11毫米、 8 毫米和 5 毫米直径的孔建立特性曲线)定义。试块由碳钢材料制造，质地结构均匀。每个特性曲线须由至 少 5 个来自遍布整个探头使用区域的点的参数来定义。所有这些特性曲线都能从探头制造商那里获取。 Thus, for a flat product of given thickness, the method consists of adjusting the amplitude of the back-wall echo to the value given by the curve for the variation of the back-wall echo amplitude and comparing the amplitude of the discontinuity echo with the characteristics curves (for 11 mm, 8 mm and 5 mm diameters) in accordance with the class selected. Only discontinuities for which the amplitude of the echo is greater than that of the characteristic curve shall be taken into account. 这样，对于一定厚度的钢板，整个检测流程包括调校背面回声的振幅使其达到特性曲线上标定的值，根据 所选择的等级将来自被测试区