考研300条真题长难句

www.TopwayEnglish.com www.TopwayEnglish.com 第一篇 考研真题长难句概述 一、长难句为什么重要？ 考研英语历年真题在完型填空尧阅读理解尧英译汉等各种题型中都存在大量结构复 杂的长句尧难句遥 对此类长难句的把握往往直接关系到对文章主旨大意的理解袁对上下 文逻辑关系和具体文意的判断袁进而影响对相关考题的解答袁因此袁可以说袁理解长难句 是考研英语的重点和难点遥 二、长难句为什么难理解？ 长难句之所以难袁主要是因为句中修饰成分多尧并列成分多和语言结构层次多遥 一 个句子可能会同时涉及多个语法点袁包含多层语言结构遥 例如院 Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope要all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: 野Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.冶 此句为多重复合句 遥 并列的名词词组 Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope为句子的主语袁破折号之后的 all作该主语的同位 语袁谓语部分为 came together遥 明确以上主干部分后袁 可仔细分析剩余的修饰成分和多重结构院in a decisive moment作句子的时间状语曰when引导定语从句渊至句末冤修饰 moment曰 该从句的谓语部分由三个动词短语并列构成袁 分别是 opened the Bible袁told his father和 read the magical words曰told his father之后的 that引导一个宾语从句袁 作 told的直接宾语袁且其中还有定语从句 he saw修饰 the first line曰句末冒号后 的成分是 words的同位语袁对其补充解释袁说明这些神奇的字眼的内容遥 译文 在一个重要时刻他打开了叶圣经曳袁告诉父亲说袁他看见的第一行字将会决定 他的命运袁于是他读到了这些神奇的字眼院野离开他们袁勿触摸不净之物袁我就是你 的上帝袁而你是我的子民遥 冶 要要要这一刹那袁性的迷惑尧经济上的挫折以及宗教希 望全都涌入脑中遥 三、怎样理解长难句？ 英语注重形合袁常使用不同的连词或结构成分来表现其逻辑关系遥 如果说汉语句子 的结构像一节一节的野竹竿冶袁英语句子则像野葡萄冶袁主干很短袁而野挂冶在上面的附加成 分则很多遥 可以说袁理解长难句的过程袁是一个将野葡萄串冶支解的过程遥 首先要确定野葡 萄藤冶袁其次要整理野藤冶上的野葡萄冶遥 具体可参照以下步骤进行操作袁以达到透彻尧准确 理解长难句的目的院 1. 找出全句的主干袁从整体上把握句子的结构遥 找主干时袁需知道英语句子的基本句式 有如下五种院 淤 主语 + 不及物动词 于 主语 + 及物动词或带介词的不及物动词 + 宾语 盂 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 榆 主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 虞 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 每个长难句的主干都属于以上基本句式的一种渊如果是并列句袁主干可能不止一种 句式冤袁找定主干后袁句子的基本结构便会明晰起来袁可以避免因主干理解有误而误解 句意遥 2. 找出句中除主干外的所有谓语结构尧非谓语动词短语尧介词短语尧名词短语和从句的 引导词袁明确各个结构独立的修饰成分或结构层次袁以便理解意群遥 3. 分析从句和短语的功能袁例如院是主语从句袁还是宾语从句袁是定语从句袁还是同位语 从句等曰若是状语袁它是表示时间尧原因尧结果袁还是表示条件等遥 分析词尧短语和从句 之间的相互关系袁例如院定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个袁现在分词短语在句中 的作用等遥 4. 注意主干被分隔开来的情况袁分析分隔成分的作用遥 5. 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配袁 尤其是固定词组或搭配被句子其他成 分分隔开时袁确定固定词组或搭配有助于理解句意遥 试理解以下真题长难句院 Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. 此句的分号把句子分割成两个分句袁第一个分句为简单句袁第二个分句是复 合句 袁however 表明前后构成转折关系 遥 主干是 院Progress is undoubtedly necessary; however, the conventional view is wrong. 理清主干后袁可找到其他的修饰成分和结构层次袁接着可分析院 第一个分句中的介词短语 for... all other societies属于 be necessary for结 构中的一部分袁表示野对噎来说是必要的冶曰第二个分句中的 that引导同位语从 句袁 该同位语从句把第二个分句的主干分隔开来袁 表示第二个分句的主语 view 渊观点冤的内容遥 译文 毫无疑问袁这两个领域的发展对于这些国家和其他国家的社会尧政治和智 力发展都是非常必要的曰但是袁传统观点认为袁教育应该是贫困国家促进经济快 速发展的最重要的途径之一袁这种看法并不正确遥 1 2 www.TopwayEnglish.com www.TopwayEnglish.com 第二篇 长难句高频考点 第 1章 名词性从句 第一节 常见考点突破 一、名词性从句的概念及分类 1. 顾名思义袁名词性从句就是指在句子中起名词作用的句子袁功能相当于名词词组遥 2. 根据其在句中不同的语法功能袁名词性从句可以分为主语从句尧宾语从句尧表语从句 和同位语从句遥 同位语从句起对前面的名词进一步解释说明的作用袁陈述该名词的 内容遥 二、名词性从句的三类引导词 1. 连接词袁包括 that, whether和 if遥 that用来引导陈述句袁whether和 if引导一般疑问句 渊从句中的一般疑问句要用陈述句语序袁而 if引导的从句不能作主语冤遥 2. wh鄄关系代词袁如 who, whom, whose, whatever, which等袁该类词由于在句中作相应 的句子成分袁因此一般不能省略遥 3. wh鄄关系副词袁如 when, why, how, where等袁该类词一般也作相应的句子成分遥 三、名词性从句的四种类型 1. 宾语从句 淤在许多情况下袁作为真正宾语的 that从句后置袁而用 it作形式宾语袁此时袁that不 可省略遥 例如院 You may rely on it that I shall help you.渊it作为形式宾语接在 rely on后袁 真正 的宾语是 that引导的宾语从句遥 另外袁大多数介词不能直接接 that从句作宾语袁所以此 处需要 it作形式宾语遥 冤 于宾语从句分为三类院动词宾语从句尧介词宾语从句和形容词宾语从句遥 动词宾语 从句指的是跟在动词之后且充当其宾语的从句曰 介词宾语从句指的是跟在一个介词之 后充当其宾语的从句曰同样袁形容词宾语从句指的是跟在某些形容词后面袁可理解为该 形容词宾语的从句遥 例如院 I doubt whether he will come.渊动词宾语从句冤 I蒺m curious as to what he will do.渊介词宾语从句冤 I蒺m convinced that she is an honest girl.渊形容词宾语从句冤 2. 同位语从句 淤同位语从句就是跟在名词后面袁表达具体内容尧起解释说明作用的从句遥 that是其 最常见的引导词袁不能省略遥 于注意下列名词后面可接同位语从句院hope 渊希望冤, fact 渊事实冤, news 渊消息冤, problem渊问题冤, conclusion渊结论冤, rumor渊流言冤, agreement渊同意袁 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 冤, belief渊信仰冤, concept渊观念袁概念冤, idea渊想法冤, question渊问题冤, suggestion渊提议冤, thought渊想法冤, conviction渊确信袁定罪冤, doubt渊怀疑冤, decision渊决定袁决心冤, assumption渊假定袁设想冤, evidence渊迹象袁证据冤袁等遥 例如院 The news that I have passed the exam is true. 盂在少数情况下袁可用连接代词或连接副词引导同位语从句遥 例如院 I have no idea why she cries. 注院同位语可以分为同位语结构和同位语从句遥 上文提到的是后者曰而同位语结构 跟在名词后袁对其解释说明袁与同位语从句不同的是袁它只是词或词组遥 例如院 The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas要 legends handed down from one generation of story鄄tellers to another.渊legends作 sagas 的同位语袁后接过去分词短语作定语遥 冤 3. 主语从句 许多情况下袁为了平衡句子结构袁常用 it代替主语从句袁将主语从句后置袁it只是形 式主语遥 例如院 It is not known yet whether they will come today.渊It作为形式主语置于句首袁而 真正的主语要要要由 whether引导的主语从句要要要则置于句末遥 冤 4. 表语从句 表语从句一般接在系动词之后袁在句中充当表语袁常见的结构是野主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句冶遥 例如院 The problem is that smokers can蒺t go without smoking.渊在该句中袁系动词 is后接 一个 that引导的表语从句遥 冤 第二节 真题难句荟萃 宾语从句 1. Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet 野some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation蒺s assimilative power.冶 (2006阅读 Text 1) 结构分析 淤主干院Rodriguez notes that... 于主干中 that后面的成分均为其引导的宾语从句遥 盂在宾语从句中袁 我们可以发现这是一个由连词 yet 连接的两个并列分句袁其 主干是院children are fans, yet some Americans fear that...袁 其中 fear后的 that 也引导宾语从句袁 具体说明有些美国人担心的问题曰 现在分词短语 living within the United States是定语袁修饰前面的 immigrants遥 译文 罗德里格斯指出袁 居住在地球遥远村庄里的孩子都是巨星阿诺德窑斯瓦辛格或加 斯窑布鲁克斯的影迷或歌迷袁 然而袁野有些美国人竟然担心居住在美国境内的移民 会对这个国家的同化力量产生免疫力冶遥 3 4 www.TopwayEnglish.com www.TopwayEnglish.com 2. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. (2003阅读 Text 2) 结构分析 淤主干院animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. 于介词短语 To those... vaccines表对象袁该短语中 who引导定语从句袁修饰先行 词 those袁该定语从句中包含 that引导的宾语从句袁表示 unaware渊不清楚的冤的内 容曰as well as表示野也冶袁并列连接 treatments和 new treatments and vaccines遥 译文 对于那些不清楚动物研究同这些治疗手段以及新疗法尧 新疫苗息息相关的人来 说袁动物研究往好处说是种浪费袁往坏处说则是一种残忍的行为遥 3. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did 野not live in a political vacuum冶 but 野in the real world冶 and that Europe could yet de鄄 velop different rules. (2010阅读 Text 4) 结构分析 淤主干院Charlie McCreevy warned the IASB that... and that... 于此句的谓语动词 warned后接了一个双宾语结构袁其中袁the IASB是间接宾语袁 两个 that引导的宾语从句为直接宾语遥 not... but...意为野并非噎而是噎冶 译文 欧盟专员查理窑迈克里维警告 IASB说袁它所处的野并非政治真空冶袁而是野真实世 界冶袁欧洲甚至可以制定一套不同的准则遥 4. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. (2008英译汉) 结构分析 淤主干院He points out that... but he believes that... 于此句为并列句袁由表转折的 but来连接遥 盂第一个分句中袁that引导宾语从句袁 作 points out的宾语袁 该从句的主干为 he experienced difficulty曰 第二个分句中袁that 也引导宾语从句袁 作 believes 的宾 语 曰 该从句的主干是 院this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage曰介词短语 of forcing him to... observations作 advantage的后置定语袁说 明这种优点的具体体现曰 该介词短语中的 forcing与 enabling并列作 of的宾语曰 long and intently about every sentence 作状语袁 修饰 think曰to detect errors... observations作 him的宾语补足语遥 译文 他说袁他始终感到很难把自己的思想清楚尧简洁地表达出来袁但是袁他认为或许正 因为渊语言表达上的冤这种困难袁他迫使自己对要说的每句话都经过长时间的认真 思考袁从而能发现自己在推理和观察中的错误袁结果这反而成为他的优点遥 5. He adds humbly that perhaps he was 野superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.冶 (2008英译汉) 结构分析 淤主干院He adds that... 于that引导宾语从句袁 作 adds的宾语曰 该宾语从句的主干是 he was superior to the common run of men曰in noticing things和 in observing them carefully并列 作状语袁 指出达尔文自认为在哪些方面优于别人曰which引导的定语从句修饰 things遥 译文 他又自谦地说袁或许自己野在注意到容易被忽略的事物袁并对其加以仔细观察方面 优于常人冶遥 6. Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. (2008英译汉) 结构分析 淤主干院Darwin was convinced that... 于that引导宾语从句袁 该从句的主干是院the loss of these tastes was not only a loss, but might possibly be injurious袁是典型的主系表结构袁表语由并列连词 not only... but...连接曰be injurious to表示野对噎伤害的冶遥 译文 达尔文确信袁没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣袁而且可能会有损于一个人的思维 能力袁更有可能导致一个人道德品质的下降遥 7. So, if the provinces want to run the health鄄care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices. (2005阅读 Part B) 结构分析 淤主干院they should prove... 于此句用 So来连接袁 表示此句为上文的结果袁if引导条件状语从句袁 主句是 they should prove... drug prices遥 盂they can run... for better drug prices是宾语从句袁作 prove 的宾语袁表示必须 证明的内容曰现在分词短语 starting with... duplication表伴随袁表示 run it首先 要做的事袁其中 that引导定语从句袁修饰先行词 list渊清单冤袁表明 list的作用曰宾语 从句由多个并列谓语组成袁它们分别为 run... save... prevent... and bargain...遥 译文 因此袁对于那些想在医疗福利事业上有所作为的省份来说袁它们必须证明自己有 这种能力袁首先要开一张省际医疗清单以终止重复劳动袁还必须节约管理费用袁防 止省与省之间让人坐收渔利的争斗袁而且还要尽量争取更低的药价遥 8. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. (2009阅读 Text 1) 结构分析 淤主干院brain researchers have discovered that... 于第一个 that引导宾语从句袁作主句的宾语袁表示专家发现的内容袁其中 when引 导时间状语从句袁宾语从句中的主句是 we create... brain cells曰第二个 that引导定 语从句袁修饰的先行词是宾语从句中的宾语 paths渊通道冤和 brain cells渊脑细胞冤袁表 5 6 www.TopwayEnglish.com www.TopwayEnglish.com 明产生的通道和形成的脑细胞有什么样的用处遥 译文 但是袁大脑研究专家却发现袁当人们有意识地养成新习惯的时候袁就会产生平行的 突触通道袁甚至还会形成全新的脑细胞袁这能把我们的思路引入创新轨道遥 9. He says medical licensing boards 野must make it clear... that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.冶 (2002阅读 Text 4) 结构分析 淤主干院He says... 于此句主干的 says后为宾语从句部分袁表示 says的内容袁双引号部分为直接引语遥 盂says的宾语中袁主干为院medical licensing boards must make it clear袁其中 it为 形式宾语袁省略号后的 that引导的从句作真正的宾语袁在这个宾语从句中袁that引 导定语从句袁修饰 ones遥 译文 他认为袁医疗管理局野必须清楚表明噎让病人痛苦地死去可能是失职行为所致袁应 该对从业者予以吊销执照遥 冶 10. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much鄄publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build鄄up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of 野juggling your life冶, and making the alternative move into 野downshifting冶 brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. (2001阅读 Passage 5) 结构分析 淤主干院I have discovered that... 于句中的 as引导状语从句袁will后省略了与主句相同的谓语动词 discover袁 其中 两个 after都引导时间状语曰that引导的宾语从句作谓语动词 have discovered的宾 语袁该宾语从句中的主语为 abandoning... 野downshifting冶袁由两个动名词短语组成袁 其中的 juggling your life意为野忙碌地生活冶曰谓语是 brings袁宾语是 rewards袁而 with it是状语袁表伴随曰far greater... status是一个比较结构遥 译文 我发现要要要对于这一点袁凯尔西在累积的压力下辞去叶她曳杂志的编辑职务而令舆 论哗然之后也可能认同要要要抛弃野繁忙人生冶的高论袁转换到野慢节奏冶的生活会带 给你比财富和社会地位更高的回报遥 11. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control to help us sleep and feel better. (2005阅读 Text 3) 结构分析 淤主干院And one leading authority says that... 于此句为间接引语袁宾语是 that引导的宾语从句遥 其中袁not only... but (also)...连 接两个过去分词 harnessed和 brought袁 表示 野不仅可以被约束袁 而且可以有意控 制冶袁而不定式短语 to help...作 brought under conscious control的目的状语遥 译文 一个著名权威人士说袁我们不仅能够对这些异常强烈的精神活动予以约束袁而且 事实上还可以有意识地控制它袁以帮助我们睡得更好袁感觉更舒服遥 12. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non鄄standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive要there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. (2005阅读 Text 4) 结构分析 淤主干院he acknowledges that... 于介词短语 As a linguist作状语袁表明主语 he的身份曰第一个 that引导宾语从句袁 说明 acknowledges渊承认冤的内容袁其中 all varieties of human language是宾语从 句中的主语袁can be powerfully expressive 是系表部分袁 介词短语 including... English把从句的主干分隔开来曰破折号起强化观点的作用袁其后的内容是对野人类 各种各样的语言都具有强大的表现力冶观点的强化和肯定曰破折号后的 that引导 定语从句袁修饰 language or dialect遥 译文 作为语言学家袁他承认袁人类各种各样的语言袁包括像黑人英语这样的非 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 英语 也具有强大的表现力袁在世界上不存在不能够表达复杂思想的语言或方言遥 13. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. (2009阅读 Text 3) 结构分析 淤主干院We are fortunate that... 于that引导的从句作 fortunate的宾语袁也可将 that 从句看做原因状语从句袁表示 fortunate的原因袁 其中从句的主干 it is指代上一句的 the conventional view is wrong曰because引导原因状语从句袁其主语包含两个动名词短语袁由 and来连接袁一 个是 building... there袁 另一个是 putting... performance袁 其中不定式短语 to improve economic performance作状语袁说明让足够多的人受教育的目的遥 译文 幸而这种传统观点是不正确的袁因为袁在这些国家建立新的教育机制袁让足够多的 人通过受教育来提高国家的经济效益需要花上两三代人的努力遥 14. We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don蒺t force it. (2009阅读 Text 3) 结构分析 淤主干院We have to suspect that... 于主干中的 that引导宾语从句袁 表示 suspect 渊怀疑冤 的内容袁 该从句主干是院 continuing economic growth promotes the development of education袁 而 when 引导时间状语从句袁even 表示野即使冶袁修饰该从句袁而句末的 it指代前面的 the development of education遥 译文 我们不得不猜想袁即使政府不强制促进教育袁经济的持续增长也会促进教育的发展遥 15. I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. (2008阅读 Text 1) 结构分析 淤主干院I think that... 于主干中的 that引导宾语从句袁作 think的宾语袁该宾语从句的主干为院things tend to be...袁 介词短语 in more... 作宾语从句中的表语曰 该从句中袁that引导的从句 women are exposed to作定语袁修饰 things遥 译文 我认为女性所面临的压力往往具有长期性和重复性的特点遥 16. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery 7 8 www.TopwayEnglish.com www.TopwayEnglish.com was wrong要and yet most did little to fight it. (2008阅读 Text 4) 结构分析 淤主干院they argue that... 于主干中的 that引导宾语从句袁其包含另一个宾语从句 slavery was wrong袁作knew 的宾语袁表示野知道冶的内容曰破折号起强调说明的作用袁其后的内容实际上是与 many... wrong并列的宾语从句遥 译文 更具意味的是袁这些历史学家还指出袁许多开国元勋明明知道奴隶 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 不道德袁但 在为废止该制度的斗争中袁他们大多无所作为遥 17. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. (2005阅读 Text 4) 结构分析 淤主干院He is not arguing that... 于as引导方式状语从句袁在句中是插入成分袁把主谓部分和宾语从句部分分隔开 来曰that引导宾语从句袁说明 not arguing的内容袁其中 because引导原因状语从句袁 说明表达不规范是影响思维的逻辑性的原因袁这是大多数人的看法袁句子的主语 He并不这么认为遥 译文 与大多数人不同的是袁他并不认为表达的不规范会影响我们思维的逻辑性遥 18. For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. (2009阅读 Part B) 结构分析 淤主干院British anthropologists suggested that... 于主干中的 that引导的是宾语从句袁作 suggested的宾语袁该从句中有两个并列的 谓语动词 originated和 diffused曰on the basis of inadequate information作状语袁意 为野基于信息不足冶遥 译文 比如袁英国人类学家格拉夫顿窑艾略特窑史密斯和W.J.派利就因为信息不足而提出 过这样的错误观点院农耕尧制陶和冶金都发源于古埃及袁并向全世界传播遥 19. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. (2006阅读 Text 4) 结构分析 淤主干院the most powerful mass medium was the church. 于which引导非限制性定语从句袁修饰先行词 church袁其中包含了两个由 that引 导的宾语从句 that their souls were in danger 和 that they would someday be meat for worms袁说明教堂提醒信徒们的内容遥 译文 在西方袁在大众传媒和读写普及之前袁最强大的大众媒介是教堂袁它提醒信徒们袁 他们的灵魂处于危险之中袁他们总有一天会成为蛆虫的食物遥 20. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. (2006阅读 Text 4) 结构分析 淤主干院we need art to tell us Memento mori. 于surrounded... happiness是过去分词短语作状语袁 表伴随状态袁 即我们所处的现 状曰主干的 tell sb. sth.结构之间的 as religion once did为插入语曰冒号后的内容对 Memento mori作进一步说明袁且用了三个 that引导宾语从句袁增强句式效果遥 译文 今天袁我们四周充斥着许诺袁说无须费劲即可得到幸福遥 为此袁我们就需要艺术来 做我们的Memento mori渊死亡的提醒冤袁正如宗教曾经告诉过我们的院务必记住袁 你终将死去袁一切都会结束袁只有接受这一现实袁而非一味逃避袁才会有幸福遥 21. In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories. (2007英译汉) 结构分析 淤主干院it is difficult to see how journalists can do a competent job. 于it作形式主语袁 后面的不定式短语 to see... political stories作真正的主语曰how 引导宾语从句袁 作 see 的宾语袁 该从句的主干是院how journalists can do a competent job曰who引导定语从句袁修饰 journalists袁说明不具备哪些素质的新闻记 者难以胜任政治报道工作遥 译文 事实上袁很难想象那些对加拿大宪法的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者何以胜 任政治新闻的报道工作遥 22. It蒺s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. (2008阅读 Part B) 结构分析 淤主干院It蒺s worth remembering that... 于此句为多重复合句遥that引导的从句作 remembering的宾语曰该从句的主干是 it will read well袁though引导的是让步状语从句曰 形容词短语 fresh off a printer作 copy的后置定语曰as well as意为野和噎一样好冶袁比较的对象是 it和 the thinking and writing袁其中 it指代 a clean copy曰that have gone into it是定语从句袁修饰先 行词 thinking and writing遥 译文 但是袁应该记住袁刚从打印机上打出的文本虽然外表整洁好看袁但是文章读上去好 不好袁还在于文本所包含的思想和所写下的内容遥 23. It蒺s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise鄄making. (2006 阅读 Text 2) 结构分析 淤主干院It蒺s ironic. 于when引导时间状语从句袁其主干成分为 you consider that...遥 盂时间状语从句中又包含了 that引导的宾语从句袁宾语从句的主干是 Shakespeare was himself an actor and did his share of noise鄄making曰who earns their living 是非限制性定语从句袁补充说明前面的 Shakespeare遥 译文 考虑到使他们得以生存的莎士比亚本人就是一位蓄着胡须的演员袁也参与了噪音 9 10 www.TopwayEnglish.com www.TopwayEnglish.com 的制造袁这实在具有讽刺意味遥 24. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. (2006阅读 Text 3) 结构分析 淤主干院That means... 于逗号前为这个复合句的主句部分袁其中 means后接的是省略关系代词 that的 宾语从句遥 这个宾语从句的主干为 a higher proportion is being caught袁what is in the sea作 of的宾语遥 盂so引导的是结果状语从句袁主干为 the real difference is likely to be worse. 其 中 than... catch sizes作状语袁 表示比较袁 注意这里的 the one指代前面的名词 difference袁过去分词结构 recorded by... sizes作后置定语修饰 the one遥 译文 这就意味着海洋生物被捕捞的比例大为提高了遥 今天捕捞的情况与过去相比袁其 差异并非如 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 所载只是数量多少的变化袁实际情况可能要糟糕得多遥 25. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low鄄stress conditions, but under high鄄stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership要that is, it predicted the opposite. (2007阅读 Text 2) 结构分析 淤主干院Research has found that... 于that引导宾语从句袁该宾语从句又由两个分句并列构成袁由表示转折关系的连 词 but连接曰 第一个分句的主干是 IQ predicted leadership skills袁when引导时间 状语从句袁说明在什么时候智商能够预测领导能力曰第二个分句的主干是 IQ was negatively correlated with leadership袁 破折号后面的内容对第二个分句起到补充说 明的作用袁其中 that is为插入语遥 译文 研究表明袁当测试在压力小的情况下进行时袁智商能够预测某人的领导能力遥 而压 力高时袁智商和领导力则为负相关袁也就是说袁它预测到的结果与事实恰恰相反遥 26. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers蒺 demands. (2001阅读 Passage 4) 结构分析 淤主干院I believe that... 于第一个 that引导宾语从句袁 作 believe的宾语曰 该宾语从句的主干是院the most important forces are the same曰第二个 that前面其实省略了 as the ones袁所以这个 that 引导的是定语从句袁 修饰的是隐形的先行词 ones 渊指代与前面 the most important forces一样袁即野最重要的力量冶冤曰句中冒号起解释说明的作用袁其后的 三个名词短语 falling... costs袁lower... barriers和 enlarged markets是并列关系袁都 说明 the most important forces起到的作用曰第三个 that引导的定语从句袁修饰其 前面的 markets袁而形容词短语 capable of meeting customers蒺 demands 作后置 定语袁修饰该定语从句中的宾语 operations遥 译文 我相信推动合并和收购这一狂潮的最重要力量同导致全球化过程的那些力量是 一样的院运输和通讯成本下降袁贸易和投资壁垒降低袁扩大的市场需要扩大的经营 以满足顾客的需求遥 27. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. (2004英译汉) 结构分析 淤主干院The Greeks assumed that... 于此句为多重复合句遥 the structure of language... thought为宾语从句袁作谓语动 词 assumed的宾语曰which引导非限制性定语从句袁修饰前面的宾语从句袁且含有 long before渊很久以前冤引导的时间状语从句修饰 took root曰在该时间状语从句中袁 how diverse languages could be为宾语从句袁表示 realized渊认识冤的内容遥 译文 希腊人认为袁语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系遥 这一观点在人们尚未认 识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根遥 28. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. (2004英译汉) 结构分析 淤主干院He reasoned that... 于主干中的 that引导宾语从句袁作 reasoned的宾语遥 盂此宾语从句本身是个复合句袁由野原因状语从句 + 主句冶构成袁其中 because引 导原因状语袁说明语言使用者形成某种固定思路的原因遥 track在此意为野思路冶遥 译文 他推断说袁因为在特定语言中阐述某些思想要比阐述别的思想容易些袁这就导致 了这种语言的使用者形成了某些固定的思路而不遵循别的思路遥 同位语从句 29. But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. (2007英译汉) 结构分析 淤主干院the idea rests on an understanding. 于that引导的是同位语从句袁作 idea的同位语袁对其内