欧洲文化常识测试英语题型

《欧洲文化入门》复习题（一）DivisionOne:GreekCultureandRomanCultureGreekCulture填空Europeancultureismadeupofmanyelements,twooftheseelementsareconsideredtobemoreenduringandtheyaretheGreco-RomanelementandtheJudeo-Christianelement.2.Greekculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcentury.3.Inthesecondhalfofthe4thcenturyB.C.,allGreecewasbroughtundertheruleofAlexander,kingofMacedon.4.In146B.C.theRomansconqueredGreece.5.Greekculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcentury.Revivedin1896,theOlympicGameshavebecometheworld’sforemostamateursportscompetition.AncientGreeksconsideredHomertobetheauthoroftheirepics.8.TheIliaddealswiththeallianceofthestatesofthesouthernmainlandofGreece,ledbyAgamemnonintheirwaragainstthecityofTroy.TheOdysseydealswiththereturnofOdysseusaftertheTrojanwartohishome,islandofIthaca.OfthemanylyricpoetsofancientGreece,twoarestilladmiredbyreaderstoday:SapphoandPindar.SapphowasconsideredthemostimportantlyricpoetofancientGreece.12.Pindarisbestknownforhisodescelebratingthevictoriesattheathleticgames,suchasthe14Olympicodes.ThethreegreattragicdramatistsofancientGreeceareAeschylus,Sophocles,andEuripides.AeschyluswrotesuchplaysasPrometheusBound,PersiansandAgamemnon.15.SophocleswrotesuchtragicplaysasOedipustheKing,Electra,andAntigone.16.EuripideswrotemainlyaboutwomeninsuchplaysasAndromache,Medea,andTrojanWomen.17.Comedyalsoflourishedinthe5thcenturyB.C..ItsbestwriterwasAristophanes,whohasleftelevenplays,includingFrogs,Clouds,WaspsandBirds.18.Herodotusisoftencalled“FatherofHistory”.HewroteaboutthewarsbetweenGreeksandPersians.19.ThucydidesdescribedthewarbetweenAthensandSpartaandbetweenAthensandSyracuse,aGreekstateontheIslandofSicily.Pythagoraswasaboldthinkerwhohadtheideathatallthingswerenumbers.Pythagoraswasthefounderofscientificmathematics.Heracleituebelievedfiretotheprimaryelementoftheuniverse,outofwhicheverythingelsehadarisen.ThegreatestnamesinEuropeanphilosophyareSocrates,PlatoandAristotle.Democrituswasoneoftheearliestphilosophicalmaterialistsandspeculatedabouttheatomicstructureofmatter.25.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,fourschoolsofphilosophersoftenarguedwitheachother,theyaretheCynics,theSceptics,theEpicureans,andtheStoics.Euclidiswell-knownforhisElements,atextbookofgeometry.Toillustratetheprincipleofthelevel,Archimedesissaidtohavetoldtheking:“Givemeaplacetostand,andIwillmovetheworld.”Greekarchitecturecanbegroupedintothreestyles:theDoricstylewhichisalsocalledthemasculinestyle;theIonicstylewhichisalsocalledthefemininestyle;andalaterstylethatiscalledtheCorinthianstyle.TheAcropolisatAthensandtheParthenonarethefinestmonumentofGreekarchitectureandsculptureinmorethan2000years.thmodernistmasterpieceUlysses.’s选择1.Whichculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcenturyB.C.?GreekCultureRomanCultureEgyptianCultureChineseCulture2.In___________theRomanconqueredGreece.1200B.C.700B.C.146B.C.The5thcenturyWhichofthefollowingworksdescribedthewarledbyAgamemnonagainstthecityofTroy?OedipustheKingIliadOdysseyAntigoneWhichofthefollowingisNOTtheplayswrittenbyAeschylus?A.AntigoneAgamemnonPersiansPrometheusBound5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheplayswrittenbySophocles?ElectraAntigoneTrojanWomanOedipustheKingWhichofthefollowingistheplaywrittenbyEuripides?A.AntigonePersiansElectraMedeaWhichofthefollowingisNOTthegreatesttragicdramatistofancientGreece?A.AristophanesB.EuripidesC.SophoclesD.Aeschylus8.Whoeversaidthat“Youcannotsteptwiceintothesameriver”?PythagorasHeracleitusAristotleWhowasthefounderofscientificmathematics?A.HeracleitusB.AristotleC.SocratesD.Pythagoras10.Whoischieflynotedforhisdoctrinethat“manisthemeasureofallthings”?ProtagorasPythagorasPyrrhonEpicurus名词解释AeschylusPlatoTheCynicsIV.简答与问答WhatarethemajorelementsinEuropeanculture?WhatwerethemainfeaturesofancientGreeksociety?WhoweretheoutstandingdramatistsofancientGreece?Whatimportantplaysdideachofthemwrite?TellsomeofPlato’sideas.Whydopeoplecallhimanidealist?5.GivesomeexamplestoshowtheenormousinfluenceofGreekcultureonEnglishliterature.RomanCulture填空TheburningofCorinthin146B.C.markedRomanconquestofGreece,whichwasthenreducedtoaprovinceoftheRomanEmpire.TheRomanwriterHoracesaid:“CaptiveGreecetookherrudeconquerorcaptive”.In27B.C.OctaviustooksupremepowerasemperorwiththetitleofAugustus.TheRomansenjoyedalongperiodofpeacelastingtwohundredyears,aremarkablephenomenoninhistoryknownasthePaxRomana.5.Inthe4thcentury,theemperorConstantinemovedthecapitalfromRometoIn476thelastemperorofthewestwasdeposedbytheCothsandmarkedtheendoftheWestRomanEmpire.TheEastRomanEmpirecollapsedwhenConstantinoplefelltotheTurksin1453.JuliusCaesarrecordedwhathedidandsawinthevariousmilitarycampaignshetookpartinandthesewritings,collectedinhisCommentaries,aremodelsofsuccinctLatin.9.VirgilwasthegreatestofLatinpoetsandwrotethegreatepic,theAeneid.ThePantheonisthegreatestandthebestpreservedRomantemple,whichwasbuiltin27B.C.Andreconstructedinthe2thcenturyA.D..She-wolfisthestatuewhichillustratesthelegendofcreationofRoman.选择1.Whowrote,“Icame,Isaw,Iconquered”?HoraceJuliusCaesarVirgilMarcusTulliusCicero2.TheauthorofthephilosophicalpoemOntheNatureofthingsis___________.VirgilJuliusCaesarHoraceLucretiusWhichofthefollowingisnotRomanarchitecture?A.TheColosseumB.ThePanthenonC.TheParthenonD.PontduGard4.Whowrote,“CaptiveGreecetookherrudeconquerorcaptive”?SapphoPlatoVirgilHorace名词解释JuliusCaesarThePaxRomanaIV.简答与问答WhatdidtheRomanshaveincommonwiththeGreeks?Andwhatwasthechiefdifferencebetweenthem?WhatisthebookforwhichVirgilhasbeenfamousthroughoutthecenturies?InwhatwayisthebooklinkedwiththeGreekpast?WhydowesayAeneasisatrulytragichero?DivisionTwo:TheBibleandChristianityTheOldTestamentⅠ填空题Amongallthereligionsbywhichpeopleseektoworship,ChristianityisbyfarthemostinfluentialintheWest.BothJudaismandChristianityoriginatedinPalestinethehubofmigrationandtraderoutes,whichledtoexchangeofideasoverwideareas.3.Some3800yearsagotheancestorsoftheJews–theHebrews–wanderedthroughthedesertsoftheMiddleEast.About1300B.C.,theHebrewscametosettleinPalestine,knownasCanaanatthattime,andformedsmallkingdoms.5.ThekingoftheHebrewswashandeddownorallyfromonegenerationtoanotherintheformoffolktalesandstories,whichwererecordedlaterintheOldTestament.6.TheBibleisacollectionofreligiouswritingscomprisingtwoparts:theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.7.TheoldTestamentconsistsof39books,theoldestandmostimportantofwhicharefirstfivebooks,calledPentateuch.WhentheHebrewsleftthedesertandenteredthemountainousSinai,MosesclimbedtothetopofthemountaintoreceivefromGodmessage,whichcametobeknownastheTenCommandments.ChronologicallyAmosistheearliestprophetintheOldTestament.10.InBabyloninthe6thcenturyB.C.,theHebrews,nowknownasJews,formedsynagoguestopractisetheirreligion.选择题WhichofthefollowingisbyfarthemostinfluentialintheWest?_______A.BuddismB.IslamismC.Christianity2.TheOldTestamentconsistsof39books,theoldestandmostwhicharethefirstfivebooks,called__________.A.ExodusB.CommandmentsC.AmosPentaeuchD.JudaismimportantofD.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthecontentoftheTenCommandments?_______HonouryourfatherandyourmotherDonotcommitsuicideC.Donotdesireyourneighbour’swifeDonottakethenameofGodinvainWheninBabylontheHebrewsformedsynagoguestopractisetheirreligion?______A.in169B.C.B.inthe4C.in76B.C.D.inthe6ththcenturycenturyⅢ名词解释theBiblethePentateuchTenCommandmentsⅣ简答与问答WhatwastheHebrewsmajorcontributiontoworldcivilization?WhydowesayJudaismandChristianityarecloselyrelated?WhataretheTenCommandmentsabout?RiseofChristianityⅠ填空题Attheageof30,JesusreceivedthebaptismatthehandsofJohnBaptist.JesusspentmostofhislifeinGalilee,whereheapparentlymadeasensation.3.JesusofNazarethlivedinPalestineduringthereignofthefirstRomanEmperorAugustus.JesuswentwithhisdisciplestoJerusalemforthePassover,butwasbetrayedbyJuda.In313theEdictofMilanwasissuedbyConstantineIandgrantedreligiousfreedomtoallandmadeChristianitylegal.In392A.D,EmperorTheodosiusmadeChristianitytheofficialreligionsoftheempireandoutlawedallotherreligions.AfterJesusdied,St.PeterandSt.PaulledthedisciplesofJesustospreadgospelintheMediterraneanregions.Ⅱ选择题Afterthe_______centuryNestorianismreachedChina.A.sixthB.fifthC.secondD.thirdWhichofthefollowingemperorsmadeChristianitytheofficialreligionoftheempireandoutlawedallotherreligions?__________A.TheodosiusB.AugustusC.ConstantineID.NeroCaesarWhichofthefollowingemperorsissuedtheEdictofMilanandmadeChristianitylegalin313?__________A.AugustusB.ThedosiusC.NeroD.ConstantineIAttheageof30,JesusChristreceivedthebaptismatthehandsof_________.A.St.PeterB.St.PaulC.JohnBaptistD.JohnWycliffⅢ名词解释1.TheEdictofMilanⅣ简答与问答1.HowdidtherelationsbetweenChristiansandtheRomangovernmentchange?TheNewTestamentⅠ填空题By300A.D.eachlocalchurchwascalledaparishandhadafulltimeleaderknownaspriest.TowardstheendofhefourthcenturyfouraccountswereacceptedaspartoftheNewTestament,whichtellsthebeginningofChristianity.WhenasJesus’motherMarywasespousedtoJoseph,beforetheycametogether,shewasfoundwithchildoftheHolyGhostJesuswentwithhisdisciplestoJerusalemforthePassover,butwasbetrayedbyJudaandcaughtattheLastSupper.TranslationsoftheBibleⅠ填空题ExceptafewpassagesintherelatedArmaicdialecttheOldTestamentwasoriginallywritteninHebrew.AndtheNewTestamentwasoriginallywritteninapopularformofGreek.2.TheoldestextantGreektranslationoftheOldTestamentisknownastheSeptuagint,asaccordingthefictionalletterofAristeas,itwastranslatedby72translatorsin72days.ThemostancientextantLatinversionofthewholeBibleistheVulgateedition,whichwasdonein384–405A.D.bySt.Jeromeincommonpeople’slanguage.ThefirstEnglishversionofwholeBiblewastranslatedfromtheLatinVulgatein1382andwascopiedoutbyhandbytheearlygroupofreformersledbyJohnWycliff.5.ThemostimportantandinfluentialofEnglishBibleisthe“Authorized”orKingJames’version,firstpublishedin1611.Ⅱ选择题By1693,thewholeoftheBiblehadbeentranslatedin_________languages.2.A.228B.974C.1202TheoldestextantGreektranslationoftheOldTestament________.A.theLatinVulgateB.theAristeasC.the“Authorized”D.theSeptuagintD.154isknownas3.Whenprintingwasinventedinthecompleteworkprinted.A.EnglishB.Latin1500’s,theC.Aramaic_______BiblewasthefirstD.HebrewWhendidthestandardAmericaneditionoftheRevisedVersionappear?_______A.1885B.1611C.1901D.1979DivisionThree:TheMiddleAgesManorandChurchⅠ填空题InEuropeanhistory,thethousandyearperiodfollowingthefalloftheWestRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyiscalledtheMiddleAges.2.Betweenthefifthandeleventhcenturies,WestEuropewasthesceneoffrequentwarsandinvasions.TheMiddleAgeisaperiodinwhichclassical,HebrewandGothicheritagemerged.4.FeudalisminEuropewasmainlyasystemoflandholding–asystemofholdinglandinexchangeformilitaryservice.In732CharlesMartel,aFrankishrulergavehissoldiersestatesknownasfiefsasarewardfortheirservice.Thecenterofmedievallifeunderfeudalismwasthemanor.7.Bythe12thcenturymanorhousescametobecalledcastle,whichweremadeofstoneanddesignedasfortress.Asaknight,hewaspledgedtoprotecttheweak,tofightforthechurch,tobeloyaltohislordandtorespectwomenofnoblebirth.Theseruleswereknownascodeofchivalry,fromwhichthewesternideaofgoodmannersdeveloped.Inthemedievaldaysaknightwastrainedforwarbyfightingeachotherinmockbatterscalledtournaments.After1054,theChurchwasdividedintotheRomanCatholicChurchandtheEasternOrthodoxChurch.ThemostimportantofalltheleadersofChristianthoughtwasAugustineofHippowholivedinNorthAfricainthefifthcentury.Underfeudalism,peopleofwesternEuropeweremainlydividedintothreeclasses:clergy,lordsandpeasants.ThePopenotonlyruledRomanandpartsofItalyasaking,hewasalsotheheadofallChristianchurchesinwesternEurope.14.IntheMedievaltimestheChurchsetupachurchcourt–theInquisitiontostampoutso-calledheresy.OneofthemostimportantsacramentswasHolyCommunion,whichwastoremindpeoplethatChristhaddiedtoredeemman.Toexpresstheirreligiousfeelings,manypeopleintheMiddleAgeswentonjourneystosacredplaceswhereearlyChristianleadershadlived.ThemostimportantofallwasJerusalem.WithareturnattackagainsttheMoslems,theWesternChristianslaunchedaseriesofholywarscalledtheCrusades.Ⅱ选择题1.Inthelaterpartofthe4thcentury,whichofthefollowingtribessweptintoEuropefromcentralAsia,robbingandkillingalargenumbersofthehalfcivilizedGermanictribes?________A.theMongoliansB.theHunsC.theTurkishD.theSyriansTheMiddleAgesisalsocalledthe_________.A.“AgeofChristianity”B.“AgeofLiterature”C.“AgeofHolySpirit”D.“AgeofFaith”Accordingtothecodeofchivalry,whichofthefollowingisnotpledgedtodoforaknight?_______A.TobeloyaltohislordB.TofightforthechurchC.ToobeywithoutquestiontheordersoftheabbotD.TorespectwomenofnoblebirthIn732,whogavehissoldiersestatesknownasfiefsasarewardfortheirservice?_________A.CharlesMartel,aFrankishrulerB.CharlesI,aTurkishrulerC.ConstantineI,aFrankishrulerD.St.Benedict,aItalianrulerWhenwastheChurchdividedintotheRomanCatholicChurchandEasternOrthodoxChurch?_________A.after1066B.after1296C.after1054D.after476WhichofthefollowingabouttheknightornobleintheMiddleAgesinWesternEuropeisNOTtrue?____________AlmostallnobleswereknightsintheMedievaldays.Anoblebeganhiseducationasapageattheageofseven.Asaknight,hewaspledgedtofightforthechurch.Ataboutfourteen,thepagebecameaknight.WhenwasanoblecrownedasaknightintheMiddleAgesinWesternEurope?_______Attheageof14.Whenhewastaughttosayhisprayers,learnedgoodmannersandranerrandsfortheladies.Ataspecialceremonyknownasdubbing.Whenhewaspledgedtofightforthechurch.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutwhatthemonksmustdobeforeenteringthemonasteryaccordingtotheBenedictineRule?Theyhadtoattendservice6timesduringthedayandonceatmidnight.Theycouldpromisetogiveupalltheirpossessionbeforeenteringthemonastery.Theywereexpectedtowork5hoursadayinthefieldssurroundingthemonastery.D.Theyhadtoobeywithoutquestiontheordersoftheabbot.9.Underfeudalism,whatwerethethreeclassesofpeopleEurope?________A.clergy,knightsandserfsB.Pope,bishopandpeasantsC.clergy,lordsandpeasantsD.knights,noblesandserfsofwesternBywhichyeartheMoslemshadtakenoverthelastChristianstrongholdandwonthecrusadesandruledalltheterritoryinPalestinethatthecrusadershadfoughttocontrol?________A.1270B.1254C.1096D.1291Ⅲ名词解释theMiddleAgesManorCodeofChivalryBenedictineRuletheCrusadesⅣ简答与问答WhowasCharlesMartel?Whatwasthedifferencebetweenaserfandafreeman?Intowhatthreegroupswerepeopledividedunderfeudalism?WhathappenedinWesternEuropeafterthedeclineoftheRomanEmpire?LearningandScience,Literature,ArtandArchitectureⅠ填空题Charlemagne,whotemporarilyrestoredorderinwesternandcentralEurope,wasperhapsthemostimportantfigureofthemedievalperiod.2.Charlemagnewascrowed“EmperoroftheRomans”bythePopein800.3.TheSummaTheologicabySt.ThomasAquinasformsanenormoussystemandsumsupalltheknowledgeofmedievaltheology.RogerBaconwasoneoftheearliestadvocatesofScientificresearchandcalledforcarefulobservationandexperimentation.5.“Nationalepic”referstotheepicwritteninvernacularlanguages–thatis,thelanguagesofvariousnationalstatesthatcameintobeingintheMiddleAges.6.BeowulfisanAnglo-Sexonepic,inalliterativeverse,originatingfromthecollectiveeffortsoforalliterature.7.DanteAlighieriwasthegreatestpoetofItaly,hismasterpiece,TheDivineComedy,isoneofthelandmarksofworldliterature.8.ChaucerwasagreatEnglishpoet,TheCanterburyTaleswerehismostpopularworkfortheirpowerofobservation,piercingirony,senseofhumorandwarmhumanity.ChaucerwritersindialectusedbyLondoners,andbythesheerweightandpopularityofhiswritingshesetsitfirmlyonthewaytowardsModernEnglish.10.ThestyleofarchitectureunderRomanesqueartischaracterizedbymassiveness,solidityandmonumentalitywithalloverallblockyappearance.11.TheGothicstylestartedinFranceandquicklyspreadthroughallpartsofwesternEurope.Ⅱ选择题1.Whichofthefollowingwascrowned“EmperoroftheRomans”bythePopein800?______A.St.ThomasAquinasB.CharlemagneC.ConstantineD.KingJames2.WhowastheruleroftheAnglo-SaxonkingdomofWessexandcontributedgreatlytothemedievalEuropeanculture?_________A.CharlesIB.ConstantineIC.AlfredtheGreatD.CharlestheGreat3.DoesSongofRolandbelongtowhichcountry’sepic?_________A.EnglishB.GermanicC.HebrewD.French4.WhoistheauthoroftheOpusMaius?________A.RogerBaconB.DanteAlighieriC.ChaucerD.St.ThomasAquinasⅢ名词解释CarolingianRenaissanceBeowulfSongofRolandTheCanterburytalesRomanesqueGothicⅣ简答与问答1.WhatwasthemeritwhichCharlemagneandAlfredtheGreatshare?DivisionIV:RenaissanceandReformationRenaissanceinItalyⅠ填空题Generallyspeaking,Renaissancereferstotheperiodbetweenthe14thandmid17thcentury.HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.Inessence,RenaissancewasahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstogetridofconservatisminfeudalistEuropeandintroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsofbourgeoisie,tolifttherestrictionsinallareasplacedbytheRomanChurchauthorities.RenaissancestartedinFlorenceandVenicewiththefloweringofpaintings,sculptureandarchitecture.5.Beginningfromthe11thcentury,citiesbegantoriseincentralandnorthItaly.6.Decameronisacollectionof100talestoldby7youngladiesand3youngergentlemenontheirwaytoescapetheBlackDeathof1348.PetrachwasbestknownforCanzoniers,abookoflyricalsongswritteninhisItaliandialect.8.TheRenaissanceartistsintroducedintheirworksscientifictheoriesofanatomyandperspective.ThefourrepresentativeartistsofHighRenaissanceinItalyareLeonardodaVinci,michelangelo,RaphaelandTitian.10.LoenardodaVinci’smajorworks:LastSupperisthemostfamousofreligiouspictures;MonaLisaprobablyistheworld’smostfamousportrait.11.Michelangelocreatedastyleofartinwhichhefreedhimselffromtheoldtraditionofdecorationontheonehandanddocumentaryrealismontheother.Titian’spaintingisacknowledgedtohaveestablishedoilcolouroncanvasasthetypicalmediumofthepictorialtraditioninwesternart.13.Inworldtrade,ItalyhadlostitssupremacybecauseofthediscoveryofAmericain1492andtheroundingoftheCapeofGoodHopein1488,theopeningofanall-waterroutetoIndiawhichprovidedacheapermeansoftransport.Petrachislookedupasthefatherofmodernpoetry.ItalyisregardedasthebirthplaceoftheRenaissance.Ⅱ选择题WheredidtheRenaissancestartwiththefloweringofpaintings,sculptureandarchitecture?_______A.inGreeceandRomeB.inFlorenceandVeniceC.inMilanandFlorenceD.inItalyandGermanyWhendidtheRenaissancereachitsheightwithitscentermovingtoMilan,thentoRome,andcreatedHighRenaissance?___________A.inthe11thcenturyB.inthe15thcenturyththC.inthe16centuryD.inthe17centuryWhichofthefollowingworksiswrittenbyBoccaccio?_______A.DecameronB.CanzoniersC.DavidD.MosesWhoistheauthorofthepainting,BetrayalofJudas?________A.GiottoB.BrunelleschiC.DonatelloD.GiorgioneWhichofthefollowingHighRenaissanceartistsisthefatherofthemodernmodeofpainting?_______A.RaphaelB.TitianC.daVinciMichelangelo6.WhichofthefollowingHighRenaissanceartistswasbestknownMadona(VirginMary)?D.forhisA.TitianB.daVinciC.MichelangeloRaphaelD.WhichofthefollowingpaintingswasbasedonthestoryintheBiblewithMariaridingonadonkeyreadytofacethehardshipahead?________A.TempestaB.SacredandProfaneLoveC.FlightintoEgyptD.TheReturnoftheHuntersⅢ名词解释RenaissanceDecameronⅣ简答与问答WhatmadeItalythebirthplaceoftheRenaissance?Whatarethemainelementsofhumanism?HowaretheseelementsreflectedinartandliteratureduringtheItalianRenaissance?HowdidItalianRenaissanceartandarchitecturebreakawayfrommedievaltradition?InwhatwaywasLeonardodaVinciimportantduringtheRenaissance?ReformationandCounter-ReformationⅠ填空题TheReformationledbyMartinLutherwhichsweptoverthewholeofEuropewasaimedatopposingtheabsoluteauthorityoftheRomanCatholicChurchandreplacingitwiththeabsoluteauthorityoftheBible.2.MartinLutherwastheGermanleaderoftheProtestantReformation.HisdoctrinemarkedthefirstbreakintheunityoftheCatholicChurch.3.WhenthePoperefusedtorecognizedHenry’smarriagewithAnneBoleyn,BritishParliament,in1534,passedtheActofSupremacywhichmarkedtheformalbreakoftheBritishwiththePapalauthorities.4.IgnatiusandhisfollowerscalledthemselvestheJesuits,membersoftheJohnCalvin