2023普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)

第一局部 阅读理解〔共两节，总分值40分〕

第一节〔共15小题：每题2分，总分值30分〕

                                    A

You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

Jane Addams(1860-1935)

Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addans helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

Rachel Carson(1907-1964)

If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.

Sandra Day O’Connor (1930-present)

When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

Rosa Parks(1913-2005)

On December 1,1955,in Montgomery, Alabama, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,〞said Parks.

21.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?

A. Her social work.               B. Her lack of proper training in law.

C. Her efforts to win a prize.        D. Her community background.

22. What is the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?

A. Her lack of proper training in law.     B. Her little work experience in court.

C. The discrimination against women.    D. The poor financial conditions.

23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?

A. Jane Addams.   B. Rachel Carson.  C. Sandra Day O’Connor.  D. Rosa Parks

24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?

A. They are highly educated.     B. They are truly creative.

C. They are pioneers.           D. They are peace-lovers.

B    

Grandparents Answer a Call

As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.

No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.

 “In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,〞 says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.〞

Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.

 

25. Why was Garza’s move a success?

A．It strengthened her family ties.     B．It improved her living conditions.

C．It enabled her make more friends.   D．It helped her know more new places.

26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?

A．17% expressed their support for it.

B．Few people responded sympathetically.

C．83% believed it had a bad influence.

D．The majority thought it was a trend.

27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?

A．They were unsure of themselves.

B．They were eager to raise more children.

C．They wanted to live away from their parents.

D．They had little respect for their grandparents.

28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?

   A. Make decisions in the best interests of their own

   B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them

   C. Sacrifice for their struggling children

   D. Get to know themselves better

C

I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2023, I've done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells〔干细胞〕in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.

I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:〞Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you -- there are no flights from Washington.〞 So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:〞In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient -- please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.〞She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small place to be held for me, re-routed(改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.

For this courier job, you’re consciously aware than that box you’re got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.

29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier〞 in Paragraph17

A provider     B delivery man    C collector    D medical doctor

30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?
A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.
B. The donor can only wait for that long.
C. The operation needs that very much.
D. The ice won't last any longer.
31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?
A. To London        B. To  Newark      C. To Providence       D. To Washington
                                     D

The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable border="1"; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.

Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.

Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.

Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should reco