jolly-cornerPPT优秀课件

吕思刘畅胡冰吴迪ContentAuthorSettingPlotThemeCharacterStyleandTechniqueQuestionAutobiographyApril15,1843BorninNewYorkcity1855-1860traveledtoLondon,Paris,GenevaandNewport,RhodeIsland1860thefamilyreturnedtoNewport1862entertheHarvardLawSchool1864starthisliteraturecareer1869aftertravelingthroughEnglandFranceandItaly,hedecidedtoleaveAmericaandsettleinEurope1875-1876liveinPariswherehemetFlaubertandTurgenev1915became a British subject in 1915, one year before his deathFebruary28,1916Died(aged72)atLondon,hisasheswasremovedtopoet’scornerinWestminsterAbbeyFamilyHisfather,HenryJames,Sr.,wasanAmericantheologian，alsoalecturerandphilosopherwhohadinheritedindependentmeansfromhisfather,anAlbany,NYbankerandinvestor.MarryWalsh(mother)camefromawealthyfamilylongsettledinNewYorkCity.(seniorbrother)William Jamesan American philosopher，psychologist,also trained as a physician,the first educator to offer a psychology course in the United States, one of leading thinkers of the late nineteenth century believed by many to be one of the most influential philosophers the United States has ever produced.(sister)Alice Jamesan American diarist, known mainly for the posthumously (死后)published diary that she kept in her final yearsRelationshipsJamesregularlyrejectedsuggestionsthathemarry.HehadbeeninlovewithhiscousinMaryTemple,butaneuroticfearofsexkepthimfromadmittingsuchaffections.When James was 56, he wrote letters to Andersen that are intensely emotional.He corresponded in almost equally extravagant language with his many female friends.EducationHiseducationwascalculatedbyhisfathertoexposehimtomanyinfluences,primarilyscientificandphilosophical;itwasdescribedas"extraordinarilyhaphazardandpromiscuous."JamesdidnotsharetheusualeducationinLatinandGreekclassics.In 1862 he attended Harvard Law School, but realized that he was not interested in studying law.He pursued his interest in literature and associated with authors and critics.NotableworksTheAmerican,1877TheTurnoftheScrew,1898ThePortraitofaLady,1881TheWingsoftheDove,1902DaisyMiller,1879TheAmbassadors,1903TheBostoniansThePrincessofCasamassimaTheGoldenBowlTheAwkwardAgeAchievementandContentionHenry James is regarded as one of the key figures of 19th-century literary realism. He is best known for a number of novels showing Americans encountering Europe and Europeans.Heisgenerallyregardedastheforerunnerofthe20thcenturystream-of-consciousnessnovelsandthefounderofpsychologicalrealism.Jamescontributedsignificantlytoliterarycriticism,particularlyinhisinsistencethatwritersbeallowedthegreatestpossiblefreedominpresentingtheirviewoftheworld.Jamesclaimedthatatextmustfirstandforemostberealisticandcontainarepresentationoflifethatisrecognisabletoitsreaders.ErnestHemingway,“HewasagreatwriterwhocametoVeniceandlookedoutthewindowandsmokedhiscigarandthought."E.M. Forster complained about James's squeamishness in the treatment of sex and other possibly controversial material, or dismissed his style as difficult and obscure, relying heavily on extremely long sentences and excessively Latinate language.Oscar Wilde once criticized him for writing“fiction as if it were a painful duty.”SettingAmannamedSpencerBrydonreturnstotheNewYorkCityafter30yearsandencounterstheghostofhisalteregoinJollyCorner.PlotHisreturntotheJollyCornerandgoodmemoryhereHistrackingofthealteregoHisdiscussionwithAliceaboutthealteregoSpencerBrydonreturnstoNewYorkCityaftermorethanthirtyyearsabroad.Hehasagreedtoteardownhisoldfamilyhousetobuildamoreprofitableapartmentbuilding.Hecomestothehouse,calledJollyCornerandstartstohoveratnightwhichremindshimofthepassedhappymemorieswithhisfamilies.Besides,hefindsthatgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinNewYorkandrealizeshemayhavebeenasuccessfulbusinessmanifhedidn’tgotoEuropetopursueart.HediscussesthispossibilitywithAliceStaverton,hiswomanfriendwhohasalwayslivedinNewYork.Meanwhile,Brydonbeginstobelievethathisalterego-theghostofthemanhemighthavebeen-ishauntingthe“JollyCorner”.Alicetellshimshehasseentheghostinherdreamtwice,butrefusestotellBrydonwhattheghostlookslike.Therefore,Brydondecidestofigureitouthimself.Hespendsawholenightinpursuitofthealterego.Heseesthealteregowalksintheroomandwantstowaylayhimandmeethim,buthefails.Severaldayslater,hereturnsandmeetsthealteregoagain.Thistimethealteregodoesn’tdisappearwhichfrightenshim.Hefeelsitashametolooklikeanevilghost.Sohewantstoleaveassoonaspossible.Duringhisescape,heconfrontstheghostfacetofaceandhefaints.Whenheawakens,hefindshimselfpillowedonthelapofAlice,whocametothehousebecauseshesensedBrydonwasindanger.HetellshisencounterwiththealteregotoAliceandAlicealsotoldhimshehaddreamedofthealterego,whohadsufferedandlosttwofingers.Shepitiestheghostofhisalterego,butshecouldacceptBrydonasheis.ThemeThisstorytreatsathemeofnearlyuniversalinterest:the"unlivedlife,"thelifeapersonmighthavehadbutdidn't.Itinspirespeoplethatonedecisionafteranotherleadsanyhumanbeingdownaparticularpath,butwewilllosetheopportunitytotaketheinfinitenumberofotherwayoflife.AnalysisofcharactersAliceStavertonSpencerBrydonAlterEgofriendsOtherselfSpencerBrydon:Art-lovingNotmaterialistic(P79)Brave(P90)Dignified(P91)AliceStaverton:Charming(P79)ExquisiteGentle(P85)(P98)OptimisticKind-hearted(P100)Assertive(坚定自信的)(P80)Alterego:Ugly(P89)Rich(P96)Well-dressedMaterialisticPitiful(P100)StyleandTechniquePsychologicalRealism（心理现实主义）TheTransferofPointofViewSensationalism(渲染)心理现实主义在小说创作中，将对现实生活的如实描写、心理探测、性格刻画、环境写实与某些象征、怪诞手法融为一体，被称为“心理现实主义（psychologicalrealism）”。同时，美国19世纪现实主义文学呈现了多元化景观况，还产生了乡土文学（localcolourism）、自然主义（naturalism）等流派。心理现实主义的代表作家美国作家亨利·詹姆斯 、乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨（ 1938~ ）、沃特·阿比什 (1931~) 、雷蒙德·卡弗等。由于多数人的外部自我都是以伪装形式出现的，因此，最真实最有价值的自我则潜藏在人的灵魂之中。(Alterego）TheTransferofPointofViewThird-personnarrativetofirst-personnarrative(page89,92)In"TheJollyCorner,"thenarratorisnearlyomniscient,relatingexactlywhatSpencersees,thinks,andfeels.AnothernarrativetechniqueutilizedbyJamesistheslightlydifferentnarrativetoneusedforthedifferentsectionsofthestory.Inthesecondsection,Spencerwandersthehousealoneandthenarrativevoicenearlybecomeshispointofview.Inthefirstandthirdsections,thenarratorismoreobjectiveinexplainingnotonlySpencer'simpressionsbutothercharacters'actionsandopinions.Sensationalism(渲染)Page81gruesome,grey,toograve“crappinguptothimtopstoreysintheayvilhours”Page95thrill,glimmeringsidelights,inconceivable不可思议的，occult神秘的Page96unnaturedreadfuldarkspectral幽灵的Page97horrorgrotesquemonstrousevilodiousQuestions:1.Inwhatwayisthenarrativevoiceinthestory’ssecondsectiondifferentfromthatintheothertwoandwhatistheneedforsuchachange?(1).objectiveperspectivevssubjectiveperspectiveInthefirstandthirdsection,itismainlyaboutdialoguesanddescriptionofenvironment,whileinthesecondsection,itfocusesonthepsychologyofBrydon.(2).ThirdpersonvsFirstperson.Tomakethewholepassagenotsosimplex(单一的)anddepictthecharacteristicoftheprotagonistbetter.2.WhyisSpencersomuchfrightenedbyhisalterego?Howdotheydifferfromoneanother?Whatdotheyshareincommon?Foronething,heisfrightenedbecausethealteregoisaghostofalifeunlived.Foranother,uponreturningtoNewYork,heishavingregretsabouthischoicestoembracealifeinEuropeandalifeofease.Heregretsnothavingengagedinbusiness,whichwillmakehimaspowerfulandsuccessfulasthealterego.Differences:Spencerpursuesart,thespirituallifeandthealteregopursuesmoney,themateriallife.Similarities:thesameappearancebothhavethecouragetopursuethelifetheywant3.HowisAlicecharacterized?Whatadditionalinformationdoweneedtounderstandherbetter?Charming,exquisite,gentle,optimistic,kind-hearted,assertiveThankYou