听说Part B

听说PartBUNIT11.After22yearsofmarriage,Ihavediscoveredthesecrettokeeplovealiveinmyrelationshipwithmywife,Peggy.Istarteddatingwithanotherwoman.ItwasPeggy'sidea.Onedayshesaidtome,"Lifeistooshort,youneedtospendtimewiththepeopleyoulove.Youprobablywon'tbelieveme,butIknowyouloveherandIthinkthatifthetwoofyouspendmoretimetogether,itwillmakeuscloser."The"other"womanmywifewasencouragingmetodateismymother,a72-year-oldwidowwhohaslivedalonesincemyfatherdied20yearsago.Rightafterhisdeath,Imoved2,500milesawaytoCaliforniaandstartedmyownlifeandcareer.WhenImovedbacknearmyhometownsixyearsago,IpromisedmyselfthatIwouldspendmoretimewithmom.Butwiththedemandsofmyjobandthreekids,Inevergotaroundtoseeinghermuchbeyondfamilyget-togethersandholidays.MomwassurprisedandsuspiciouswhenIcalledandsuggestedthetwoofusgoouttodinnerandamovie."What'swrong?"sheasked."Ithoughtitwouldbenicetospendsometimewithyou,"Isaid."Justthetwoofus.""Iwouldlikethatalot,"shesaid.WhenIpulledintoherdriveway,shewaswaitingbythedoorwithhercoaton.Herhairwascurled,andshewassmiling."ItoldmyladyfriendsIwasgoingoutwithmyson,andtheywereallimpressed.Theycan'twaittohearaboutourevening,"Mothersaid.2.Wedidn'tgoanywherefancy,justaneighborhoodplacewherewecouldtalk.Sincehereyesnowseeonlylargeshapesandshadows,Ihadtoreadthemenuforbothofus."Iusedtobethereaderwhenyouwerelittle,"shesaid."Thenitistimeforyoutorelaxandletmereturnthefavor,"Isaid.Wehadanicetalkoverdinner,justcatchinguponeachother'slives.Wetalkedforsolongthatwemissedthemovie."I'llgooutwithyouagain,"mymothersaidasIdroppedheroff,"butonlyifyouletmebuydinnernexttime."Iagreed."Howwasyourdate?"mywifeaskedwhenIgothomethatevening."Nice...nicerthanIthoughtitwouldbe,"Isaid.MomandIgetoutfordinneracoupleoftimesamonth.Sometimeswetakeinamovie,butmostlywetalk.ItellheraboutmytrailsatworkandbragaboutthekidsandPeggy.Momfillsmeinonfamilygossipandtellsmeaboutherpast.NowIknowwhatitwaslikeforhertoworkinafactoryduringtheSecondWorldWar.Iknowhowshemetmyfatherthere,andknowhowtheywentthroughthedifficulttimes.Ican'tgetenoughofthesestories.Theyareimportanttome,apartofmyhistory.Wealsotalkaboutthefuture.Becauseofhealthproblems,mymotherworriesaboutthedaysahead.Spendingtimewithmymomhastaughtmetheimportanceofslowingdown.Peggywasright.Datinganotherwomanhashelpedmymarriage.Unit21.Andrewhadalwayswantedtobeadoctor.Butthetuitionforamedicalschoolin1984was15,000dollarsayear,whichwasmorethanhisfamilycouldafford.Tohelphimrealizehisdream,hisfather,Mr.Stewart,arealestateagent,begansearchingthehouse-for-saleadsinnewspapersinordertofindextrabusiness.Oneadvertisementthathenoteddownwasforthesaleofahouseinanearbytown.Mr.Stewartcalledtheowner,tryingtopersuadehimtolethimbehisagent.Somehowhesucceededandtheownerpromisedthathewouldcometohimifhefailedtogetagooddealwithhispresentagent.Thentheymadeanappointmenttomeetanddiscussthething.Asgoodthingsarenevereasytoacquire,thetimefortheappointmenthadtobechangedalmosttentimes.Onthedaywhentheyweresupposedtomeetat3o'clockintheafternoon,Mr.Stewartreceivedanothercallfromtheowner.Hisheartsankashefearedtherewouldbeanotherchangeoftime.Andsoitwas.Theownertoldhimthathecouldn'tmakeitatthreebutifhewouldcomerightthen,theycouldtalkitover.Mr.Stewartwasoverjoyed.Leavingeverythingaside,heimmediatelysetouttodrivetothehouse.Asheapproachedthearea,hehadastrangefeelingofhavingbeentherebefore.Thestreets,thetrees,theneighborhood,alllookedfamiliartohim.Andwhenhefinallyreachedthehouse,somethingclickedinhismind.Itusedtobethehouseofhisfather-in-law!Theoldmanhaddiedfifteenyearsagobutwhenhewasalive,hehadoftenvisitedhimwithhiswifeandchildren.Herememberedthat,likehissonAndrew,hisfather-in-lawhadalsowantedtostudymedicineand,failingtodoso,hadalwayshopedthatoneofhistwodaughtersorhisgrandchildrencouldsomedaybecomeadoctor.2. Whenheenteredthehouse,Mr.Stewartwasevenmoreamazedtofindthatthehousewasdecoratedexactlyashehadrememberedit.Hetoldtheowneraboutthisandthelatterbecameintriguedtoo.However,theywereinforevengreatersurprises.Itsohappenedthatinthemiddleoftheirdiscussion,apostmancametodeliveraletter.AndtheletterwasaddressedtoMr.Stewart'sfather-in-law!WereitnotforMr.Stewart'spresencethereandthen,theletterwouldbereturnedasnopersonofthatnamelivedinthehouseanylonger.Asthepostmandemandedasignatureonthereceiptslip,Mr.Stewartsignedforhislong-deceasedfather-in-law.Mystified,theownerurgedMr.Stewarttoopentheletterandseewhatitcontained.Theletterwasfromabank.Whenheopenedit,twowordsimmediatelymethiseye--'Foreducation'.Itwasabankstatementofanamounthisfather-in-lawhadputinyearsagoforhisgrandchildren'seducationneeds.Withtheinterestithadearnedovertheyears,thestandingvalueoftheamountcametoalittleover$15,000,justenoughmoneytocoverthetuitionofAndrew'sfirstyearatamedicalcollege!Anotherthingthatisworthmentioningisaboutthepostman.Theoriginalpostman,whohadworkedinthisneighborhood,calledinsickthatday.Sothepostman,whowasnewtothearea,cametodelivermailinhisplace.Haditbeentheoldpostman,theletterwouldundoubtedlybereturnedtothesenderasheknewfullwellthatnopersonbearingthatnamelivedinthathouseanylonger.ThemiraclewasablessingforAndrew.Withthemoneygiventohimbyhisgrandfatherhewasabletostudymedicine.NowheisadoctorinIllinois.UNIT31.(TomandLindahavesignedamarriageagreement.Bothagreenottobreaktherulesoutlinedintheagreement.John,areporter,istalkingtothemabouttheagreement.)John:Tom,Linda,firstI'dliketoaskyouwhyyoudecidedtowritethisunusualagreement.Tom:Wefoundthatmanyproblemsarecausedwhenapersonhasdifferentexpectationsfromhisorherspouse.Wewantedtotalkabouteverythingopenlyandhonestlybeforewestartedlivingtogether.Linda:Alsowebothknowhowimportantitistorespecteachother'spetpeeves.Like,Icangetveryannoyedifothersleavestuff--clothing,papers,everything!--lyingaroundonthefloor.Itreallybuggedme,soweputthatintheagreement.John:ThisismentionedinArticle1:CleaningUp,isn'tit?Itsays,"Nothingwillbeleftonthefloorovernight.Everythingmustbecleanedupandputawaybeforegoingtobed."Tom:ThenI'llknowclearlywhatLinda'sexpectationsare.John:Isee.WhataboutArticle2:Sleeping?Itsays,"Wewillgotobedat11p.m.andgetupat6:30a.m.exceptonweekends."I'msuresomepeoplehearingthiswillthinkthatthisagreementisn'tveryromantic.Tom:Well,wedisagree.Wethinkit'sveryromantic.Thisagreementshowsthatwesatdownandtalked,andreallytriedtounderstandtheotherperson.Alotofproblemsoccurinamarriagewhenpeopledon'ttalkaboutwhattheywant.Linda:That'sright.Whenwedisagreedaboutsomething,weworkedoutasolutionthatwasgoodforbothofus.IwouldmuchratherhaveTomreallylistentomeandunderstandmyneedsthangivemeabunchofflowersoraboxofcandy.2.John:Linda,doyouspendalotoftimecheckingtoseeiftheotherpersonisfollowingtherules?Arguing?Linda:No,notatall.Tom:Alotofcouplesarguebecausetheydon'tunderstandeachother'sexpectations.Ithinkwespendlesstimearguingthanmostcouplesbecausewebothknowwhattheotherpersonexpects.John:Whathappensifoneofyoubreaksarule?Tom:Well,that'sinArticle13ofouragreement.John:Isit?Ohyes,Article13:BreakingRules."Ifyoubreakarule,youmustapologizeanddosomethingnicefortheotherpersontomakeitup."Linda:Yeah,likelasttimeTombroketheruleofdriving.John:What'stherule?Linda:Theruleiswemustaskfordirectionsifwearedrivingandgetlostformorethanfiveminutes.John:Whathappened?Tom:Weweredrivingtoafriend'swedding,andwegotlost.Lindawantedtostopatagasstationtoaskfordirections,butIthoughtIcouldfigureitout.Linda:Thenwedrovefortymilesinthewrongdirectionandendedupbeinglateforthewedding.Tom:SoItookherouttodinner.IknewwhatIshoulddotoapologize.John:That'sveryimportant,Ithink,knowinghowtoapologize.Bytheway,doyouplantoupdateyouragreementatall?Whatifthingschangeinyourlifeandaruledoesn'tworkanymore?Linda:We'vethoughtaboutthattoo.Article14statesthatwemustreviewthisagreementonceayearandmakenecessarychanges.John:Well,itwasreallynicetalkingtoyouboth.Thankyouverymuchforyourtime.Tom&Linda:Thankyou.UNIT41.Interviewer:Welcometoourprogram,Sam.Sam:Thankyou.Interviewer:Sam,howlonghaveyoubeenapoliceofficer?Sam:I'vebeenapoliceofficerforthirtyyears.Interviewer:Thirtyyears.Andyou'vehaddifferenttypesofassignmentsonthepoliceforce,Iguess.Sam:Yeah,I'vedoneeverythingfrompatroltoundercoverworktodetectivework,andnowI'msupervisinginvestigations.Interviewer:Sam,Ithinkmostpeoplewouldsaythatbeingapoliceofficerisaverystressfuljob.Wouldyouagree?Sam:Yes,it'sdefinitelyastressfuljob.Butitdependsonyourassignment.Interviewer:So,what'sprobablythemoststressfulassignmentyoucanhave?Sam:I'dsaypatrolisthemoststressfulassignment.Interviewer:That'sinteresting!Inwhatway?Sam:Well,Iguessthebiggestpartofthestressisthefearfactor--thefearoftheunknown.Interviewer:Whatdoyoumean,Sam?Sam:Well,inpatrolwork,youdon'tknowfrommomenttomomentwhoyouaretalkingtoorwhattheirreactionisgoingtobetojustifyyourpresence.Let'ssay,forexample,apatrolofficerstopssomeoneforatrafficviolation.Itseemsasthoughthatwouldbeaverylow-stresssituation.Interviewer:Yes,itisaverylow-stresssituation.Sam:Butthetruthis,therearemorepoliceofficersinjuredduringaroutinestop.Interviewer:Really?Sam:Really!That'swhyallpoliceofficersaretaughtfromtheverybeginningtobeawareoftheirsurroundings.Peoplebackoverpolicemen,peopleshootpolicemen,peoplejumpoutatpolicemen--differentkindsofthings.Sothat'sprobablythemoststressfultime.Interviewer:Isee.Let'stakeabreakandthenwe'llmoveontoournexttopic.Sam:Allright.2.Interviewer:Sam,you'vetalkedaboutthepoliceofficers'stressfultime.Nowlet'smoveontothenexttopic.SofarasIknow,there'saconnectionbetweenstressandillness.Doyouthinkthatthere'sahigherpercentageofillnessamongpoliceofficersthaninthegeneralpopulation?Imean,dotheygetmorecoldsoranything?Isthisreallytrue?Sam:Yes,itis,andthestresslevelnotonlymanifestsitselfindailyhealth--whetherornotyou'vefeelingwellonanygivenday.Italsomanifestsitselfinthingslikeulcers,heartdisease--policeofficerstendtohaveahigherrateofheartdiseaseandulcersthanpeopleinotherprofessions.Interviewer:Really?That'sdocumented?Sam:Yes,it'sdocumented.Andalsothedivorcerateamongpoliceofficersismuchhigher.Interviewer:Istheresomethingthatthepolicedepartmentdoestohelpyoudealwiththisstress?Sam:Yes,thereareseveralprogramsthatmostpolicedepartmentshaveinplace.Oneisanexerciseprogramwheresomepartofyourdayisspentonsometypeofphysicalexercise.They'vefoundthat'sagreatstressreducer.Besides,there'salsoapsychologicalprogramwithcounselingforofficerstohelpthemreducetheirstress.Andthereareseveraldiscussiongroupsaswell.They'vefoundthatsometimesjustsittingaroundandtalkingaboutthestresswithotherofficershelpstoreduceit.So,thosethingsareavailable.Interviewer:Andwhatdoyoudo,personally,tohelpyoudealwiththestressofyourjob,Sam?Sam:Well,duringthebaseballseason,I'mthebiggestbaseballfanatic,andIwilleitherbereadingaboutbaseball,orlisteningtobaseball,orwatchingbaseball.AnotherthingItrytodoistogetsomesortofexerciseeveryday.AndthenIworkhardatkeepingupmypersonalrelationships,especiallymyrelationshipwithmywife.FortunatelyIgetalongverywellwithmywife.WhenIcomebackhome,Icantalkaboutmydaywithher,andthenjustforgetaboutit.UNIT51.AshleywasreadingamagazinewhenshecameacrossanarticleaboutantibioticsandotherdrugsdiscoveredinEuropeanriversandtapwater.Ifsuchdrugswerepresentthere,shereasoned,theymightalsobefoundnearherhomeinWestVirginia.Ashleyfearedthatantibioticsinthewaterscouldleadtoresistantbacteria,orsupergerms,whichcankilluntoldnumbersofpeople.Thegirl,then16,begantestingherarea'sriver--theOhio.Withasimpledevicesheherselfhaddesigned,shecollected350watersamplesfromtheOhioanditstributariesovertenweeks.Readingscientificjournals,shetaughtherselftoanalyzethesamples.Itwasthemostscientificallysoundprojectforsomeoneherage.Herexperiment,oneofthefirstofitskindintheUnitedStates,showedthatlowlevelsofthreeantibioticsareindeedpresentinlocalwaters.Ashley'sstudywontheInternationalStockholmJuniorWaterPrize,avirtualNobelPrizeforteenagers.Shereceiveda$5,000scholarshipandanaudiencewithSweden'sCrownPrincessVictoria.Herinterestinsciencewassparkedbywalksinthewoodswithhermother.Butitwastheday-to-daystuff--howwatercomestothetap,howrainstickstoglass,thatmostfascinatedher."Scienceisnotadeadthing,"shesays."It'shappeningallaroundus."Bythesixthgrade,shewaswinningatsciencefairs.Shehaswon$70,000inprizemoney,whichshehasputasideforcollege.SheplanstoattendHarvardUniversity."Iwanttomakemyowndiscoveries,andnotjustreadaboutwhatothershavedone,"shesaid.HerteacherspredictthatshewillonedaywinaNobelPrize.2.OnFebruary16,2001,theteensfromayouthgroupcalledREBELlaunchedtheiradvertisingcampaignattheLibertyScienceCenterinNewJersey.Bynowjustabouteverybodyhasheardthe"NotforSale"commercialontelevisionandtheradioagainsttobaccocompanies.Whatmanypeopledon'tknowisthatteenagersfromWestNewYorkandacrossNewJerseyworkedonvariousaspectsofthecampaign,andevenappearedinsomeoftheadvertisements.ThecampaignorganizerthoughtitwouldbebetterthanusingactorsifactualREBELmemberswereinthecommercials.REBEL,whichstandsforReachingEverybodybyExposingLies,isastatewideyouthinitiativeagainsttobaccocompanies.Themovement,whichbeganinNovemberlastyear,carriesthemessagethatteensnolongerwanttobetargetedbytobaccocompaniesintheiradvertisements.Knowingthatpeerpressureonteenstosmokeordodrugsisoneofthebiggestproblemsthatteensface,thegroupisworkinghardtoensurethattheirmessagereachesallteenagersatNewJerseyschools.Whenthegroupwasfirstformed,therewereonlyfivemembers,alleighthgradestudents.Butbythissummerthegrouphadgrowntocloseto90members.Atarecentrecruitingparty,apizzaandpoolparty,attheWestNewYorkswimmingpool,morethan50newmemberswereattractedtothegroup."Wedon'tthinkthattoomanypeoplewouldbeinterested,"saidJackie,oneofitsfoundingmembers."Buteveryoneknowsourmessage.Theyknowwhowearenow."UNIT61.Insomeplaces,asdaysshortenandtemperaturesbecomecrisp,thequietgreenofsummerfoliageistransformedintothevividautumnofreds,oranges,yellowsandbrownsbeforetheleavesfalloffthetrees.Inspecialyears,thecolorsaretrulybreathtaking.Buthaveyoueverwonderedhowandwhythishappens?Toanswerthatquestion,wefirsthavetounderstandwhatleavesareandwhattheydo.LeavesareNature'sfoodfactories.Plantstakewaterfromthegroundthroughtheirroots,andcarbondioxidefromtheair.Thentheyturnwaterandcarbondioxideintoakindofsugar,usingsunlightandsomethingcalledchlorophyll.Thisprocessiscalledphotosynthesis.Aschlorophyllisgreen,leavesarethereforealsogreenincolor.Duringwinter,thereisnotenoughlightorwatertohelpplantsproducesugarastheirfoodforenergyandasabuildingblockforgrowing.Thetreeswillrest,andliveoffthefoodtheystoredduringthesummer.Thegreenchlorophylldisappearsfromtheleaves.Asthebrightgreenfadesaway,webegintoseeyellowandorangecolors.Smallamountsofthesecolorshavebeenintheleavesallalong.Wejustcan'tseetheminsummer,becausetheyarecoveredupbythegreenchlorophyll.Thebrightredsandpurplesweseeinleavesaremademostlyinfall.Insometrees,likemaples,sugar,whichisproducedintheleavesduringwarm,sunnydays,iskeptfrommovingoutoftheleavesafterphotosynthesisstops.Sunlightandthecoolnightsoffallturnthesugarintoaredcolor.Thebrowncoloroftreeslikeoaksismadefromwastesleftintheleaves.Itisthecombinationofallthesethingsthatmakesthebeautifulcolorsweenjoyinfall.2. Manytreesandshrubschangecolorinfall.Foryears,scientistshaveworkedtounderstandthechangesthathappentothem.Theyfindthatthreefactorsinfluencefall'scolorfulfarewell--leafpigments,lengthofnight,andweather.Thetimingofthecolorchangeismainlyregulatedbytheincreasinglengthofnight.Noneoftheotherenvironmentalinfluences,suchastemperature,rainfall,foodsupply,areasunchangingasthesteadilyincreasinglengthofnightduringfall.Asdaysgrowshorter,andnightsgrowlongerandcooler,biochemicalprocessesinleavesbegintopaintthelandscapewithanexplosionofcolors.AndNatureputsononeofitsmostspectaculardisplaysofbeauty.Thetimingofthecolorchangevariesbyspecies.Somespeciesinsouthernforestscanbecomevividlycolorfulinlatesummerwhileallotherspeciesarestillvigorouslygreen.Oaksputontheircolorslongafterotherspecieshavealreadyshedtheirleaves.Thesedifferencesintimingamongspeciesseemtobegeneticallyinherited,foraparticularspecies,whetheronahighmountainorinwarmerlowlands,willchangecoloratthesametime.However,somespeciesareevergreens.Pines,forexample,aregreenalltheyearroundbecausetheyhavetoughenedup.Theyhavedevelopedovertheyearsaneedle-likeorscale-likefoliage,whichiscoveredwithaheavywaxcoating.Andtheliquidinsidetheircellscontainscold-resistantelements.Sotheleavesofevergreenscansafelywithstandallbutthemostseverewinterconditions,suchasthoseintheArctic.UNIT71.Researchhasshownthat90%ofpeoplenaturallyusetheirrighthandsformosttasks.Buthundredsofmillionsofpeopleusetheirlefthands.Thenwhyaresomepeopleleft-handed?Scientistshavebeentryingtoanswerthatquestionformanyyears.Astudydonein1992foundthatmenaremorelikelytobeleft-handedthanwomen.ItalsofoundthatAsianorHispanicpeoplearelesslikelytobeleft-handedthanwhitepeople,blackpeopleorNorthAmericanIndians.Someculturesacceptpeoplewhodothingsmostlywiththeirlefthands.Othersdonot.Scientistswanttoknowthereasonforleft-handednessbecauseitiscloselylinkedtomentalproblemsandlanguagedifficulties.Oneideaaboutthecauseofleft-handednessisthegenetictheory.Itsaysthatpeopleareright-orleft-handedbecauseofgenespassedtothembytheirparents.Forexample,ithasbeenshownthatthehandednessofadoptedchildrenismorelikelytofollowthatoftheirbirthparentsthantheiradoptedparents.Otherevidenceofgeneticinvolvementcanbefoundinsomefamilies.Onefamousexampleistheleft-handedmembersofthepresentBritishroyalfamily.TheseincludeQueenElizabethII,PrinceCharlesandPrinceWilliam.Anotherideaisthatright-handedpeoplearebornwiththegeneforit.Butabout20%ofpeopledonothavetheright-handedgene.Thesepeoplecouldbeeitherleft-orright-handed.Thisideamayexplainwhytwobabieswhohavethesamegenesusedifferenthands.In18%ofidenticaltwinsonetwinisright-handed,andtheotherisleft-handed.Probablybothtwinslacktheright-handedgenesoeachhasachancetobeeitherright-orleft-handed.Somescientistsbelievethatthecauseofhandednesscouldincludebothgeneticsanddevelopment.2.Thereareapproximately30millionleft-handedpeopleintheUnitedStates,andseveralhundredmillionmorearoundtheworld.Mostright-handedpeoplehaveneverevenconsideredthepossibilitythattheremightbeanyseriousissuesaffectingleft-handers.Evenamongalloftheseleft-handedpeople,therearemanydifferentopinionsaboutwhattheseissuesareandwhichissuesmightbemostimportanttothem.Someleft-handersthinkthatbeingleft-handedisapositivefactorintheirlives,andtheyfeelthattherearenoseriousissuesaffectingthem.Othersthinkthatbeingleft-handedisnotasignificantfactorandhasnotaffectedtheirlivesonewayoranother.Therearealsosomeleft-handerswhohavenoopinionandhavenevergivenanythoughttowhatbeingleft-handedhasmeanttothem.Butthemajorityofleft-handedpeoplefindthatbeingleft-handedisatleastasmalldisadvantageandaminorsourceoffrustrationintheirlives.Therearemanythingsthatright-handedpeopletakeforgrantedthatarequitedifficultforleft-handers.Theseincludemanybasicskillslikelearningtowrite,learningtousescissorsandotherhandtoolsandutensils,andlearningvariouscraftsandotheractivities.Sometimesleft-handersarepuzzledbyequipmentdesignedforright-handers,andothertimestheyareconfusedbyinstructorsandinstructionsgearedtowardteachingright-handers.Forsomeleft-handedpeoplethisamountstooccasionaldifficultiesandminorinconveniences.Forotherleft-handersitisalifetimefulloffailuresandfrustrationsthatmayleadtomuchmoreseriousproblems.UNIT81.Researchhasshownthat90%ofpeoplenaturallyusetheirrighthandsformosttasks.Buthundredsofmillionsofpeopleusetheirlefthands.Thenwhyaresomepeopleleft-handed?Scientistshavebeentryingtoanswerthatquestionformanyyears.Astudydonein1992foundthatmenaremorelikelytobeleft-handedthanwomen.ItalsofoundthatAsianorHispanicpeoplearelesslikelytobeleft-handedthanwhitepeople,blackpeopleorNorthAmericanIndians.Someculturesacceptpeoplewhodothingsmostlywiththeirlefthands.Othersdonot.Scientistswanttoknowthereasonforleft-handednessbecauseitiscloselylinkedtomentalproblemsandlanguagedifficulties.Oneideaaboutthecauseofleft-handednessisthegenetictheory.Itsaysthatpeopleareright-orleft-handedbecauseofgenespassedtothembytheirparents.Forexample,ithasbeenshownthatthehandednessofadoptedchildrenismorelikelytofollowthatoftheirbirthparentsthantheiradoptedparents.Otherevidenceofgeneticinvolvementcanbefoundinsomefamilies.Onefamousexampleistheleft-handedmembersofthepresentBritishroyalfamily.TheseincludeQueenElizabethII,PrinceCharlesandP