2021年度四级模拟卷

四级模仿卷6PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenexpressyourviewsontheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection，youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation，oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause，youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD)，anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.A)Byseekinginformationfromtheinterviewers.B)Byactingouttheroleagainandagainathome.C)Byplayinganactiveroleintheinterview.D)Byworkinghardtounderstandtherole.A)Heisalwaysoptimisticabouteverything.B)Heisextremelycarefulinhisdiet.C)Heseeshisdoctorassoonashefallsill.D)Hetakesalotofexerciseeveryday.A)Themanisinterviewingthewomanforajob.B)Thetwospeakersfirstmeteachothereightyearsago.C)Thetwospeakersoncetaughtinthesamecollege.D)Thewomanisqualifiedforherjobasateacher.A)Walkthedogeveryoneweekortwo.B)Trytoovercomeherowndepression.C)Beateasewithherpetdog.D)Bringherpetdogtothecountryside.A)Sheishostingaradioprogram.B)Sheisataninterviewforajob.C)Sheisinterviewingtheman.D)Sheworksasanengineer.A)Peoplewillfeelhappywhendaydreaming.B)Peopleshouldnotdaydreamatanytime.C)Daydreamingdoesmoregoodthanharmformostpeople.D)Hardworkisthekeytoaccomplishinggoals.A)Themanhasajobrelatedtodressdesign.B)BothofthespeakerswenttotheOscarceremony.C)Starshadachancetoshowoffattheceremony.D)Themanwasinvolvedintheceremony.A)Hewasstuckinheavytraffic.B)Hewasawayfromhomealittlelate.C)Hegaveaidtoamaninneedofhelp.D)Hegotinvolvedinaseriousaccident.Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)ShewantstoasksomeinformationaboutBali.B)Shewantstofindanassistantfromtheagency.C)Shewantssomeadviceonvacation.D)Shecallstoconfirmherreservation.A)Thecouplecanenjoyacoolsummerthere.B)Itwillcostthewomantheleast.C)Itisanexcellentplacefornewly-marriedcouple.D)Thecouplewon'tbeinterruptedbyterribleweather.A)Theycanenjoyawell-plannedtrip.B)Theycangettheaccuratepriceoftravelimmediately.C)Theycanenjoyahappyvacation.D)Theycanknowalotaboutthenativecustoms.A)Payforitrightaway.B)Providethecreditcardnumber.C)Confirmherpersonalinformation.D)Promiseinwords.Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Sheisunwillingtogoonthebusinesstrip.B)Sheisnotwellpreparedforherseminaryet.C)Shedoesn’tknowhowtoapplyforacorporatecard.D)Shedoesn’thaveexperienceinbusinessnegotiation.A)Itwillhavetobepaidbythewomanherself.B)Itwillbelimitedtoamaximumperday.C)Itemswithreceiptwillbepaidbythecompany.D)Itcanbepaidbyusingthecorporatecard.A)Stayathomewaitingforfurthernotice.B)Fillinaformtogetacorporatecard.C)Keepinmindwhatthemanhastoldher.D)Makesureherworkwillbehandledproperly.SectionBDirections：Inthissection，youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage，youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Thelackofcourageinhiscareer.B)Thefactthathewasavillager.C)Theexperiencethatmadehimisolated.D)Thelifethatheledinacrowdedcity.A)Hewasmoreintelligentthanothers.B)Hehadclosertouchwiththeriver.C)Hewasquiteambitiousatyoungage.D)Hewascutofffromtheoutsideworld.A)Itisconnectedwithpovertyandhunger.B)Itiswellknownforthepoeticbeauty.C)Ithasgreatreputationforitsgreatpoets.D)Itisfullofhopesandopportunities.A)Itissomethinginheritedfromancestors.B)Itremindshimofchildhoodmemories.C)Itconcernsthedailylifeofthevillage.D)Itprovidesthematerialforhiswriting.PassageTwoQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)TheyaremoredirectthanBritons.B)Theyaremoreresponsiblefortheirlives.C)Theyoftenlookdownuponlosers.D)Theyworktoomuchbutgettoolittle.A)Feeldisappointedratherthanexcited.B)Nevercelebratesuccesstoosoon.C)Bemoreconfidentoftheiractions.D)Celebratesuccessimmediately.A)TraditionsinEnglishspeakingcountries.B)CharacteristicsofAmericanpeople.C)ThehumorofBritishpeople.D)DifferencesbetweenAmericansandBritons.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Itsgeneticadvantage.B)Itsculturalfactors.C)Itsbetterdiet.D)Itsuniversalhealthcare.A)TheyareovertakenbySwedeinlongevity.B)Theystillhavethelongestlifespan.C)MostJapaneseyoungstersquitsmoking.D)Japanesepayattentiontotheirhealth.A)Theworseninglifestyle.B)Moreagingpopulation.C)Ineffectivehealthcareprograms.D)Naturaldisastersrecently.SectionCDirections：Inthissection，youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime，youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime，youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally，whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime，youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Lastyear，Christmaswasthebiggestsingledayfore-booksalesbyHarperCollins.And(26)___________arethatthisyear’sChristmasDaytotalwillbeevenhigher，giventheextremelystrongsalesofe-readersliketheKindleandtheNook.Amazon(27)___________thatithadsoldonemillionofitsKindlesineachofthethreepreviousweeks.Butwecanalsoguessthatthenumberofvisitorstothee-booksectionsofpubliclibraries’websitesisaboutto(28)___________，too.Andthatisa(29)___________ofgreatworryforpublishers.Intheireyes，borrowingane-bookfromalibraryhasbeentooeasy.Itisworriedthatpeoplewill(30)___________toborrowane-bookfromalibraryratherthanbuyit.AlmostallmajorpublishersintheUnitedStatesnowblocklibraries’(31)___________thee-bookformofeitheralloftheirtitlesortheirmostrecentlypublishedones.Borrowingaprintedbookfromthelibraryimposesan(32)___________uponitspatrons.“Youhavetowalkordrivetothelibrary，andthenwalkordrivetacktoreturnit,”saysMajaThomas，aseniorvicepresidentoftheHachettteBookGroup.Andprintcopiesdon’tlastforever，andtheonesthataremuch(33)___________willhavetobereplaced.“Sellingonecopythatcouldbelentoutaninfinitenumberoftimeswithnofrictionisnota(34)___________businessmodelforus,”Ms.Thomassays.E-lendingisnotwithoutsomefriction.Software(35)___________thatonlyonepatroncanreadane-bookcopyatatime，andpeoplewhoseealongwaitinglistforacertaintitlemaydecidetobuyitinstead.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection，thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Gettingauniversitydegreeisn’tjustgoodforyourmind—it’sgoodforyourheart，saysanewstudyinthejournalBMC(BritishMedicalCouncil)PublicHealth.Thelongeryouspendineducation，theloweryourbloodpressureislikelytobe.Thisis(36)___________trueforwomen.ScientistsfromtheUS，Canada，UKandAustraliaexamined30yearsof(37)___________from3890peoplewhowerebeingfollowedaspartoftheFraminghamOffspringStudy，which(38)___________theeducationandmedicalhistoriesof3890people.Researchersdividedsubjectsintothreegroups，loweducation(12yearsorless)，(39)___________education(13to16years)andhigheducation(17yearsormore).Theythen(40)___________theaverageSystolic(收缩)bloodpressureforthe30-yearperiod.Womenwithloweducationhadabloodpressure3.26mmHghigherthanthosewithahigh(41)___________ofeducation.Inmenthedifferencewas2.26mmHg.LeadauthorErieLoucks，assistantprofessorof(42)___________healthatBrownUniversity，saidtheanalysismay(43)___________awell-knownassociationinthedevelopedworldbetweeneducationandheartdisease.Uneducatedpeopletendto(44)___________upindemandingjobsthatgiveworkerslittlecontrol，whichhavebeenassociatedwithhighbloodpressure，saidresearchers.Theeffectisgreaterinwomen，saidLoucks，because“womenwith(45)___________educationaremorelikelytobeexperiencingdepression，theyaremorelikelytobesingleparents，morelikelytobelivinginimpoverishedareasandmorelikelytobelivingbelowthepovertyline.”A)trackedI)pressureB)explainJ)communityC)dataK)strangelyD)lifeL)endE)levelM)middleF)calculatedN)studyG)essentialO)particularlyH)lessSectionBDirections：Inthissection，youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowShouldTeachersBeRewarded?A)Weneverforgetourbestteachers—thosewhoinspireduswithadeeperunderstandingoranenduringpassion，theoneswecomebacktovisityearsaftergraduating，theeducatorswhoopeneddoorsandalteredthecourseofourlives.B)Itwouldbewonderfulifweknewmoreaboutsuchtalentedteachersandhowtomultiplytheirnumber.Howdotheycomebytheircraft?Whatqualitiesandcapacitiesdotheypossess?Cantheseabilitiesbemeasured?Cantheybetaught?Perhapsaboveall：Howshouldexcellentteachingberewardedsothatthebestteachers—themostcompetent，caringandcompelling—remaininaprofessionknownforlowpayandlowstatus?C)SuchquestionshavebecomecriticaltothefutureofpubliceducationintheU.S.Evenaspoliticianspushtoholdschoolsandtheirfacultymembersresponsibleasneverbeforeforstudentlearning，thenationfacesashortageofteachingtalent.About3.2millionpeopleteachinU.S.publicschools，but，accordingtoanestimatemadebyeconomistWilliamHussarattheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics，thenationwillneedtorecruitanadditional2.8millionoverthenexteightyearsowingtobaby-boomerretirement，growingstudentenrollmentandstaffturnover(人员调节)—whichisespeciallyrapidamongnewteachers.Findingandkeepinghigh-qualityteachersarekeytoAmerica’scompetitivenessasanation.RecenttestresultsshowthatU.S.10th-gradersrankedjust17thinscienceamongpeersfrom30nations，whileinmaththeyplacedinthebottomfive.Researchsuggeststhatagoodteacheristhesinglemostimportantfactorinboostingachievement，moreimportantthanclasssize，thedollarsspentperstudentorthequalityoftextbooksandmaterials.D)Acrossthecountry，hundredsofschooldistrictsareexperimentingwithnewwaystoattract，rewardandkeepgoodteachers.Manyoftheseeffortsborrowideasfrombusiness.Theyincludesigningbonusesforhard-to-filljobsliketeachinghighschoolchemistry，housingallowancesandwhatmightbecalledcombatpayforteacherswhocommittoworkinginthemostdistressedschools.Buttheideagainingthemostmotivation—andcontroversy—ismeritpay，whichattemptstomeasurethequalityofteachers’workandpayteachersaccordingly.E)Traditionally，public-schoolsalariesarebasedonyearsspentonthejobandcollegecreditsearned，asystemfavoredbyunionsbecauseittreatsallteachersequally.Ofcourse，everyoneknowsthatnotallteachersareequal.Justwitnesshowhardparentstrytogettheirkidsintothebestclassrooms.Andyetthereisnouniversallyacceptedwaytomeasurecompetence，muchlessthegreatcharmofatrulybrillianteducator.Initsabsence，policy-makershavefocusedonthatcurrentmeasureofallthingseducational：studenttestscores.Indistrictsacrossthecountry，administratorsaredevisingsystemsthattrackstudentscoresbacktotheteacherswhotaughttheminanattempttoassigncreditandblameand，insomecases，targethelptoteacherswhoneedit.Offeringbonusestoteacherswhoraisestudentachievement，thetheorygoes，willimprovetheoverallqualityofinstruction，retainthosewhogetthejobdoneandattractmorehighlyqualifiedcandidatestotheprofession—allwhileliftingthoseall-importanttestscores.F)Sucheffortshavebeenencouragedbythegovernment，whichinstartedaprogramthatawards$99millionayearingrantstodistrictsthatlinkteachercompensationtoraisingstudenttestscores.MeritpayhasalsobecomepartofthedebateinCongressoverhowtoimprovetheNoChildLeftBehindAct.Lastsummer，BarackObamasignedmeritpayatameetingoftheNationalEducationAssociation，thenation’slargestteachers’union，solongasthemeasureofmeritis“developedwithteachers，notimposedonthemandnotbasedonsometestscore.”HillaryClintonsaysshedoesnotsupportmeritpayforindividualteachersbutdoesadvocateperformance-basedpayonaschoolwidebasis.G)It’shardtoargueagainstthenotionofrewardingthebestteachersfordoingagoodjob.ButmeritpayhasalonghistoryintheU.S.，andnewprogramstopayteachersaccordingtotestscoreshavealreadyhadanoppositeeffectinFloridaandHouston.Whatholdsmorepromiseisbroadereffortstotransformtheprofessionbycombiningmeritpaywithmoreopportunitiesforprofessionaltrainingandsupport，thoughtfulassessmentsofhowteachersdotheirjobsandnewcareerpathsfortopteachers.H)Tothebusiness-mindedpeoplewhoareincreasinglyrunningthenation’sschools，there’sanobvioussolutiontotheproblemsofteacherqualityandteacherturnover：offerbetterpayforbetterperformance.Thechallengeisdecidingwhodeservestheextracash.Merit-paymovementsinthe1920s，’50sand’80sturnedtofailurejustbecauseofthatquestion，astheperceptiongrewthatbonuseswereawardedtoprincipals’pets.Chargesofunfairness，alongwithunreliablefundingandunionopposition，sanksuchexperiments.I)Butinanerawhenstatesaretestingallstudentsannually，there’sanew，lesssubjectivewindowontohowwellateacherdoesherjob.Asearlyas1982，UniversityOfTennesseestatisticianSandersseizedontheideaofusingstudenttestdatatoassessteacherperformance.Workingwithelementary-schooltestresultsinTennessee，hedevisedawaytocalculateanindividualteacher’scontributiontostudentprogress.Essentially，hismethodisthis：hetakesthreeormoreyearsofstudenttestresults，projectsatrajectory(轨迹)foreachstudentbasedonpastperformanceandthenlooksatwhether，attheendoftheyear，thestudentsinagiventeacher’sclasstendedtostayoncourse，soaraboveexpectationsorfallshort.Sandersusesstatisticalmethodstoadjustforflawsandgapsinthedata.“Underthebestcircumstances,”heclaims，“wecanreliablyidentifythetop10%to30%ofteachers.”J)Sandersdevisedhismethodasamanagementtoolforadministrators，notnecessarilyasabasisforperformancepay.Butincreasingly，that’swhatitisusedfor.TodayheheadsagroupattheNorthCarolina-basedsoftwarefirmSAS，whichperformsvalue-addedanalysisforNorthCarolina，OhioPennsylvania，Tennesseeanddistrictsinabout15otherstates.Mostuseittomeasureschoolwideperformance，butsomearebeginningtousevalue-addedcalculationstodeterminebonusesforindividualteachers.46.Studenttestscoreshavebecomethekeymeasureofteachers’performanceduetothelackofwell-acceptedstandards.47.ThemeritpayprograminFloridaandHoustonhasturnedouttobeafailure.48.Theannualtestsforstudentsbringanew，lesssubjectivewaytomeasuretheteachingquality.49.Thekeyfactortostrengthenachievementforaschoolisagoodteacher.50.Value-addedcalculationshavebeenusedtodeterminethebonusesateacherdeserves.51.Teachingisanoccupationknownforlowsalary.52.Sanders’methodwasatfirstcreatedasamanagementtoolforadministratorsratherthanabasisforperformancepay.53.Meritpayattemptstopayteachersaccordingtotheirworkingperformance.54.HillaryClintonagreestheschoolstaffshouldbepaidbasedonperformance.55.Merit-paymovementsinthepastdidn’tsucceedbecauseunfairnesswascreatedwhendecidingwhoshouldgettheextramoney.SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Newevidenceofasick，deprivedpopulationworkingunderharshconditionscontradictsearlierimagesofwealthandabundancefromtheartrecordsoftheancientEgyptiancityofTellel-Amarna，astudyhasfound.Tellel-AmarnawasthecapitalofancientEgyptduringthereignofthepharaoh(法老)Akhenaten，whoabandonedmostofEgypt’soldgodsinfavoroftheAtensundiskandbroughtinanewandmoreexpressivestyleofart.Akhenaten，whoruledEgyptbetween1379and1362BC，builtandlivedinTellel-AmarnaincentralEgyptfor15years.ThecitywaslargelyabandonedshortlyafterhisdeathandtheascendanceofthefamousboykingTutankhamuntothethrone.StudiesontheremainsofordinaryancientEgyptiansinacemeteryinTellel-Amarnashowedthatmanyofthemsufferedfromanemia(贫血症)，fracturedbones，stuntedgrowthandhighjuvenilemortalityrates，accordingtoprofessorsBarryKempandJeromeRose，wholedtheresearch.Rose，aprofessorofanthropology(人类学)intheUniversityofArkansasintheUnitedStates，saidadultsburiedinthecemeterywereprobablybroughttherefromotherpartsofEgypt.“ThismeansthatwehaveaperiodofdeprivationinEgyptpriortotheAmarnaphase.SomaybethingswerenotsogoodfortheaverageEgyptianandmaybeAkhenatensaidwehavetochangetomakethingsbetter,”hesaid.Kemp，directoroftheAmarnaProjectwhichseeksinparttoincreasepublicknowledgeofTellel-Amarnaandsurroundingregion，saidlittleattentionhasbeengiventothecemeteriesofordinaryancientEgyptians.Rosedisplayedpicturesshowingspinal(脊柱)injuriesamongteenagers，probablybecauseofaccidentsduringconstructionworktobuildthecity.Thestudyshowedthatanemiaranat74percentamongchildrenandteenagers，andat44percentamongadults，Rosesaid．Theaverageheightofmenwas159cm(5feet2inches)and153cmamongwomen．“Adultheightsareusedasanindicatorforoverallstandardofliving,”hesaid．“Shortstatures(身长)reflectadietdeficientinprotein...Peoplewerenotgrowingtotheirfullpotential.”56.Whatarethefindingsofthestudymentionedinthepassage?A)TheancientTellel-Amarnawasfamousforitsartrecords.B)TheartisticexhibitionofancientTellel-Amarnawastrustworthy.C)TheartrecordsofTellel-AmarnashowedancientEgyptians’reallife.D)LifewasreallytoughforaverageEgyptiansinancientTellel-Amarna.57.Accordingtothepassage，wecanlearnthatAkhenaten_________.A)broughttheancientEgypttoaperiodofthegreatestprosperityB)mainlyheldthereinsoftheancientgovernmentincentralEgyptC)worshipedEgypt’soldgods，especiallyfavoredthesunGodAtenD)askedhismentocreateanoriginalpatternofartisticrepresentationWhat’stheresearchers’attitudetowardstheordinaryancientEgyptians’life?A)Indifferent.B)Sympathetic.C)Sorrowful.D)Admiring.Accordingtothepassage，whatistheaimoftheAmamaProject?ToassistthepublictoobtainmoredetailedinformationaboutancientEgyptians.B)Toattractpeople’sattentiontothetombsofcommonpeopleinancientEgypt.C)TounveilthebrilliantculturesoftheancientEgyptiancityofTellel-Amama.D)TohelppeopleunderstandacertaincapitalofancientEgyptanditsneighborhoodbetter.WhydoestheauthormentionancientEgyptianadultheightsinthelastpartofthepassage?Torealisticallydescribecommonpeople’sphysicalconditionsatthattime.B)TorevealtheoppressiveworkingpressurefacedwithordinaryEgyptians.C)Toillustratethefactthatthequalityofcommonlifewastrulylowoftheday.D)TodemonstratetheaverageEgyptian’sunhealthydiethabitsinancienttimes.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Trafficlightsarecrucialtoolsforregulatingtrafficflow.Theyarenot，however，perfect.Atunmanagedjunctions，apatternofstop-gomovementcanstillbefrustrating，andwhichburnsmorefuelthanasmoothpassagewould.Creatingsuchasmoothpassagemeansadjustingavehicle’sspeedsothatitalwaysarrivesatthelightswhentheyaregreen.Thatistheoreticallypossible，butpracticallyhard.Roadsidesignswiredtotrafficlightsmayhelp，buttheyhavenotbeenwidelydeployed.Nowscientistshaveanideathatcouldmaketheprocesscheaperandmoreeffective.Insteadofahardwirednetworkofsigns，theyproposetousemobile-phoneapps.Foradrivertobenefit，hemustloadthespecialsoftware，dubbedSignalGuru，intohisphoneandthenmountitonaspecialbracketattachedtotheinsideofhiscar’swindscreen，withthecameralenspointingforwards.SignalGuruisdesignedtodetecttrafficlightsandtracktheirstatusasred，amberorgreen.Itbroadcaststhisinformationtootherphonesintheareathatarefittedwiththesamesoftware，and—ifthereareenoughofthem—thephonesthuseachknowthestatusofmostofthelightsaroundtown.Usingthisinformation，SignalGuruisabletocalculatethetraffic-lightschedulefortheregionandsuggestthespeedatwhichadrivershouldtravelinordertoavoidrunningintoredlights.TestsinCambridge，Massachusetts，wherefivedriverswereaskedtofollowthesamerouteforthreehours，andinSingapore，whereeightdriverswereaskedtofollowoneoftworoutesfor30minutes，revealedthatSignalGuruwascapableofpredictingtraffic-lightactivitywithanaccuracyof98.2%and96.3%respectively，inthetwocities.ThiswasparticularlyimpressivebecauseinCambridgethelightsshifted，roughlyhalf-waythroughthetest，fromtheiroff-peakscheduletotheirafternoon-traffics