研究生英语课程课后答案专硕

4全日制硕士专业学位研究生英语教程教学参考5Unit1Unit1TextA　II.Languagepoints1.Howsuccessfulyou’llbeinmakingtransitionsamongcareerscanatleastbepartiallyattributedtotheamountofcareerplanningandpreparationyou’vedone.(Para.1)Ifyouarewell-preparedinmakingplansforyourfuturecareer,thechancesarethatyoumightaswellsucceedinchangingyourcareerbecausehowsuccessfullyyouchangeyourcareermayinpartresultfromwhatpreparationsyou’vedoneincareerplanning.2.Thinkofcareerplanningasbuildingbridgesfromyourcurrentjob/careertoyournextjob/career;withoutthebridge,youmayeasilystumbleorloseyourway,butwiththebridgethereissafetyanddirections.(Para.2)Youshouldregardmakingplansforyourcareerasbuildingbridgeswhicharethetransitionsfromyourcurrentjob/careertoyournextjob/careerandmayhelpyoufindtherightdoortothefuture.3.Andwhilecareerplanningandcareerdecision-makingisanimportantaspectofyourlife,donotputsomuchpressureonyourselfthatitparalyzesyoufrommakinganyrealchoices,decisions,orplans.(Para.5)…don’tputtoomuchpressureonyourselftomakerealchoices,decisions,orplans.4.Tohelpyouwithyourcareerplanning,considerusingthefollowingexercisestotheirfullestpotential.(Para.6)…considerusingthefollowingexercisestotheirfullestdegree/asmuchaspossible.5.Reflectonthetimesandsituationsinwhichyoufeelmostpassionate,mostenergetic,mostengaged—andseeifyoucandevelopacommonprofileofthesesituations.(Para.9)Considerthetimesandsituationsinwhichyoufeelmostexcited,mostvigorous,mostengrossed—andtrytogeneralizethefeaturesthesesituationshaveincommon.6.Rememberthosepapersyouhadtowriteasakidaboutwhatyouwantedtobewhenyougrewup?(Para.13)Doyoustillrememberwhenyouwerelittleyouwereaskedtowriteaboutwhatyouwouldliketobeinthefuture?7.Takethetimetorevertbacktothoseidyllictimesandbrainstormaboutyourcurrentdreamjob;besurenottoletanynegativethoughtscloudyourthinking.(Para.13)Spendsometimeinreturningbacktothesesimple,peacefulandpleasanttimesandtryingtothinkmoreaboutyourcurrentidealjobtomakesurethatnonegativethoughtscouldmakeyourthinkingobscure/unclear.8.Lookforideasinternally,butalsomaketheefforttoexplore/researchothercareers/occupationsthatinterestyou.(Para.13)Youshouldnotonlylookforideasinsideyourself/atthebottomofyourheart,butalsoexplore/researchothercareers/occupationsyouareinterestedinfromtheoutside.9.Pinpointthequalificationsyouneedtomovetothenextstepinyourcareerortomakethemovetoanewcareerpath.(Para.18)Markclearlythequalificationsthatareneededincareerchanging.10.Ifyou’renotsure,searchjobpostingsandjobads,conductinformationalinterviews,researchjobdescriptions.(Para.18)Ifyou’renotsureaboutthequalificationsrequiredinthenewcareer,youshouldsearchjobpostingsandjobadvertisementsforthosequalifications,takepartininterviewsinwhichyouknowsomethingaboutthejob,andstudythelistofgeneraltasks,orfunctions,andresponsibilitiesofaposition..11.Developatimelineandactionplansforachievingeachtype,beingsuretosetspecificgoalsandpriories.(Para.20)Makeatimetableandactionplansforachievingeachtypeofqualificationyouneedandremembertosetconcretegoalsanddecidewhatshouldbedonefirst.12.Businesses,careers,andtheworkplacearerapidlychanging,andtheskillsthatyouhaveorplanfortodaymaynotbeindemandyearsfromnow.(Para.21)Businesses,careers,andtheworkplacearerapidlychanging,andtheskillsthatyouhavemasteredoryouplantomasternowmaynotberequiredorneededinthefuture.13.Long-rangecareerplanningshouldbemoreaboutidentifyinganddevelopingcoreskillsthatemployerswillalwaysvaluewhiledevelopingyourpersonalandcareergoalsinbroadstrokes.(Para.21)Whenplanningcareerforthelongrun,youshouldfocusonpinpointinganddevelopingtheessentialskillsingeneralthatwillalwaysbevaluednomatterwhomyouremployersareorhowtimechanges.14.Here’sacollectionofthebestself-assessmenttools,designedtogiveyouabetterideaofyourattitudesandinterestsastheyrelatetopossiblecareerchoices.(Para.25)Thebestcollectedself-assessmenttoolsaredevelopedtomakeyouclearaboutyourattitudesandinterestsrelatedtothecareersthatyoumaychoose.15.Sometoolsandresourcesespeciallyforestablishedjob-seekerscontemplatingacareerchange.(Para.26)InthesectionofCareerChangeResources,therearesometoolsandresourcesespeciallyforthoseestablishedjob-hunterswhoconsiderchangingcareers.16.Takingthetimetouseacareerjournalisafantasticwaytoconductcareerplanningonaregularbasis.(Para.31)Itisgreattospendsometimeusingacareerjournaltocarryoutcareerplanningregularly.17.Theconceptoftransferableskillsisavitaljob-searchtechniquethatalljob-seekersshouldmaster,thoughtheconceptisespeciallyimportantforcareerchangersandcollegestudents.(Para.33)Alljob-huntersshouldmasterthoseskillsthatareneededtomaketransitionsfromschooltoworkplaceorfromyourcurrentjobtothenextjobIII.Keytotheexercises1.ReadingComprehension(1)Accordingtotheauthor,careerplanningisveryessentialbecauseitfunctionsasbridgesbuiltfromone’scurrentjob/careertohis/hernextjob/careerandwiththebridgesthereissafetyanddirection.(2)Themainideaofthepassage:Thepassageofferssomebasicguidelinesforbothshort-termandlong-termcareerplanning.(3)Short-termcareerplanandlong-termcareerplanaredifferent.Ashort-termcareerplanfocusesonatimeframerangingfromthecomingyeartothenextfewyears.Itischaracterizedbydevelopingrealisticgoalsandobjectivesthatcanbeaccomplishedinthenearfuture.Butlong-termcareerplanningusuallyinvolvesabroadersetofguidelinesandpreparationandfocusesonanddevelopingworkplacecoreskillsandidentifyingcareertrends.(4)Inordertoholdapositiveattitudetowardsshort-termcareerplanning,youshouldfreeyourselfformallcareerbarriers,suchaspersonalbarriers,familypressureandpeerpressure.Andyoushouldn’tputsomuchpressureonyourselfbecauseitmayparalyzeyoufrommakinganyrealchoices,decisions,orplans.(5)Beforeyoudevelopapictureofyourselfandyourcareer,youshouldanalyzeyourcurrent/futurelifestyle,likes/dislikes,passion,definitionofsuccess,personality,dreamjobandcurrentsituation.2.VocabularySectionA(1)onthemove(2)Intermsof(3)quintessential(4)perspective(5)priority(6)cloud(7)brainstormed(8)extravert,introvert(9)Reverting(10)timeframeSectionB(1)A　(2)B　(3)C　(4)C　(5)A　(6)D　(7)D　(8)A　(9)C　(10)A3.Cloze(1)right(2)not(3)wrong(4)Firstofall(5)knowledge(6)Only(7)nomatterwhat(8)outperform(9)successful(10)higher(11)who(12)still(13)ratherthan(14)figureout(15)worst(16)Then(17)However(18)rehearse(19)more(20)insteadof4.TranslationA.ChinesetoEnglish1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(1)Althoughwefailedthistime,weshouldnotbesunkinapathy,becauseasweallknow,“failureisthemotherofsuccess.”Andweareallweddedtothebeliefthatthisfailurewillbethebeginningoffuturesuccess.(2)TheidyllicIndonesianislandisabeautifulcombinationofspirituality,naturalbeautyandatasteoftheexotic.(3)Adolescence,thetransitionfromchildhoodtoadulthood,isalwaysacriticaltimeforeverybody.Soparentsmustpayspecialattentiontotheirchildren’sgrowthinthisperiod.(4)Thankyouforyourreallypracticaladvice,butIstillneedtimetoreflectonit.(5)You’dbettercontemplatetherelatedissuesbeforemakingafinaldecision,andformulateafeasibleactionplanthatcanbefulfilledinoneyear.(6)InthisEnglishSpeakingContest,whatimpressesmemostisthatcontestant11isaveryfluentspeakerofEnglish,butit’sapitythathefailstoconfinehimselftothesubject.(7)Neitherdifficultynorfailurefrustrateshispassioninhisresearch.Hewascontenttogoasfarashecould.(8)Anthropologists,asfarasIknow,arestillunabletopinpointjustwherealongthelinemanandtheapesbranchedintotwodistantspecies.2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.Weallhavegoalsandaspirations.Sometimeswehavedifficultyknowingwheretostart.Wewantthatnewbody,orwanttobehealthyandhavemoreenergy,butwejustdonotknowwhatthefirststepis.Inaddition,theroadtoourgoalsissometimesarockyone.Itisdifficulttotransgressandsometimeswejustwanttogiveup.Wesometimesforgetthatourcurrentsituationdidnotoccurovernightandsochangingitwillnothappenovernighteither.Itwilltaketimeandhardwork.Therefore,Isuggestthatyoushouldsetonlyonegoalatatime.Whenyoutrytotakeontoomuchatonce,youcanbecomeoverwhelmedquickly.Createalistandtakeonegoalatatime.Onceyouachievethatgoal,backtoyourlisttomarkitoff,andmovetothenextone.Theactofachievinggoalsindividuallywillgiveyouagreatersenseofaccomplishment.Youcanevenbreaktheonegoalintosmallerparts.Thisgivesyoumotivationandsuccessmoreoftenthanwaitingfordaysormonthstoachievealargergoal.B.EnglishtoChinese1)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.每位求职者都需要花点时间远离日常繁忙的工作，仔细思量你的事业，为未来制定计划。无论你喜欢现在的工作和老板或是感到受缚于目前工作，职业规划能够帮助你。职业规划被视作建立连接目前工作/职业和未来工作/职业的桥梁，没有这座桥，你会跌跌撞撞或迷失方向；但有了这座桥，就有了安全的保证和明确的方向。2)ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.（1）一位权威科学家警告说，机器人在家庭、工作场所和战争中的兴起必须受到伦理 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 的监督和控制，以此限定机器人在一些敏感情境中的运用，比如看小孩、照顾老人以及作战等情境。（2）谢菲尔德大学的人工智能专家诺埃尔·夏基教授警告说，机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中，这可能会导致（被服务者）与世隔绝的状态，因为人们在给机器人设定指令后，往往很长时间不再问津。（3）第一条规定机器人不得伤害人类；第二条规定机器人必须服从人类的命令，但不得违反第一条定律；第三条规定机器人应尽量保护自己，但不得违反前两条定律。（4）但是20世纪末提出的有关具有高度人工智能的机器人将崛起的预言并未实现，不过机器人科学家已赋予了听命于他们的机器以准智能的特征，比如简单的言语识别、情绪表达以及面部识别等能力。（5）目前机器人的智力水平连愚蠢都算不上。如果我哪怕认为他们会在智力上高出人类一等，我都不会有这些担忧了。TextB　CareerPath:ActingYourAgeKeytotheexercisesGuessthemeaningoftheword(s)(1)troublesome(2)strenuous(3)handicap(4)similarinmeaning(5)applies(6)commendable(7)saturated(8)intimidating(9)attracting(10)What’smoreTrueorfalseT　(2)F　(3)T　(4)F　(5)F　(6)T　(7)T　(8)FUnit2TextA　II.Languagepoints1.Evenamodestspacevoyage,Dysoncalculated,wouldsettheaveragefamilyback1,500yearsinwages.(Para.1)AccordingtoDyson’scalculation,evenamodestandcommonspacevoyagewouldcosttheaveragefamilywagesofabout1,500years.setback:cost(aperson)specificamounte.g.Mynewcarsetmeback$3000.2.Thedifferencereflectedtherelativedifficultyofspacetravel,butalsothelimitationsofbiggovernmentprogramstodothingsonthecheap.(Para.1)ThecostdifferencenotonlyhasshowedspacetravelismuchmoredifficultthantheMayflower’svoyagein1620andthewestwardjourneyoftheMormonsin1840s,butalsoprovedthatgovernmentneedstoreduceitsspendingonbigandexpensiveprogramsandturnitsattentiontotheprogramsthatcostlessmoney.3.Nothinghashappenedinthepast40yearstosuggestthatNASAhascomeanyclosertothecommercialsweetspotoftheColonialsettlers.(Para.2)Inthepast40years,nothinghasshownthatNASA’shasfounditsbestsolutiontowhichitcouldstartanddevelopitsbusinessjustlikeearlycolonialsettlerswhofoundtheirplace,Massachusetts,tosettledownandmadetheirlivingmoveonbasedontheirsettlement.Asweetspotisaplace,oftennumericalasopposedtophysical,whereacombinationoffactorssuggestsaparticularlysuitablesolution.Inthecontextofaracquet,batorsimilarsportinginstrument,sweetspotisoftenbelievedtobethesameasthecenterofpercussion.Inthiscontext,sweetspotmeansafinanciallyprofitablesituation.ColonialsettlersfoundthissweetspotwhileNASAdidn’tcomeclose.4.ThecommissionheadedbyLockheedMartinchairmanNormAugustinethathasspentmuchofthepastyeardeliberatingonNASA’shumanspaceflightprogram…(Para.2)deliberateon:toconsider/discussornegotiate仔细研究，审议e.g.Wehadnotimetodeliberateontheproblem.5....eventhoughendingthisprogramwouldsendNASA’sinternationalpartnersintoapoplexy.(Para.2)…eventhoughendingtheISSprogramwouldmakeNASA’sinternationalpartnersfeelveryangry.Theapoplexyisanoutdatedmedicalterm,whichcanbeusedtomean“bleeding”.Itcanbeusednon-medicallytomeanastateofextremerageorexcitement.6.Moreembarrassing,withNASA’sspaceshuttleduetobemothballedin2010,anditscheaperreplacement,theOrioncapsule,notduetoflyuntil2012,thepartnersfaceatwoyeargapinwhichtheywillhavetorelyonRussia’sSoyuzshipstocommutetothespacestation.(Para.2)ToNASA’sembarrassment,theyhadtostopusingtheirshuttlein2010anditscheaperreplacement,theOrioncapsulecannotflyuntil2012,sotherewillbeatwoyeargapbetween2010and2012,inwhichNASA’sinternationalpartnershavetodependonRussia’sshiptocomeandgotothespacestation.mothball:todecidenottouseordevelopsomething,foraperiodoftime,especiallyapieceofequipmentoraplan封存；搁置不用Ifsomeoneinauthoritymothballsaplan,factory,orpieceofequipment,theydecidetostopdevelopingorusingit,perhapstemporarily.7.TheshortfallmayforceNASAtoopenupitsspace-explorationprogramtocommercialoperatorstoadegreethat’sunprecedentedinitshistory.(Para.3)TheshortageorlackofmoneymayforceNASAtogetcommercialoperatorsinvolvedinitsspace-explorationprogramtoadegreethathasneverhappenedbefore.shortfall:n.缺口；差额；亏空Ifthereisashortfallinsomething,thereislessofitthanyouneed.8.ThemovecouldcreateopportunitiesforthemodernequivalentsofYoungandBradford—entrepreneurswillingtorisktheirlivelihoodsonmakingtheexplorationofspaceaffordablebynotonlydesigningandbuildingshipsforNASA,butalsobyprovidingshuttleservicestodeliverNASAastronautsorequipmenttotheirtargets.(Para.3)Themove—NASA’sopeningupitsspaceprogramtocommercialorprivatesectors—couldcreateopportunitiesforupcomingmodernentrepreneurslikeYoungandBradfordintheearlytimes.Theyarewillingtotakeariskinspendingmuchmoney,effortandeventheirlivesonspaceexplorationinordertogetitstartedandmovedonbynotonlydesigningandbuildingshipsforNASA,butalsobyprovidingshuttleservicestodeliverNASAastronautsorequipmenttomeetNASA’stargets.9.Inthepast,NASAhasbeendeeplyinvolvedinmanagingdesignanddevelopmentworkbyoutsidecontractors,amessyprocessthatmadetheshuttleexpensiveandunsafe,ratherthancheapandsafe.Nowtheagencyisunderpressuretostepbackandbuyserviceswholesalefromprivatefirms.(Para.3)Inthepast,NASAhasspentmucheffortandtimeaskingoutsidecontractorstodesignanddevelopspaceshuttles,whichisaverycomplicatedprocessmakingthespaceshuttleexpensiveandunsaferatherthancheapandsafe.Nowduetofinancialpressure,theagencyhassteppedbacktoentrustprivatefirmstodoallthebusinessforNASA.10.“We’retalkingaboutamovementfromwherethegovernmenthasbeentheprimecontractor,managingsituationswithaveryhands-onrole,toasituationwheretheyarejustacustomer,”saysLarryWilliams.(Para.3)Wearetalkingaboutthemovement—NASAhasshifteditrolefromamajorcontractorwhoneedstodoeverydetailedandpracticalworkbyitselftoacustomerwhobuysserviceswholesalefromprivatefirms.11.Thenextstepistoworkoutsimilardealswithprivatefirmstosendastronautsaloft.(Para.5)Thenextstepistoenabletheprivatefirmstosendastronautstoouterspacejustlikecargothatcanbedelivered.aloft:adj./adv.highintheair在空中高处Somethingthatisaloftisintheairorofftheground.12.Todothat,NASAwillhavetorelinquishsomeofitsoversightofcrewsafety.Thisisn’tentirelywithoutprecedent.(Para.5)Inordertoletprivatefirmssendastronautsintospace,NASAwillhavetogiveuptheirresponsibilityofregulatingcrewsafety.Thishashappenedbefore.relinquish:vt.tostophavingsomething,especiallywhenthishappensunwillinglyIfyourelinquishsomethingsuchaspowerorcontrol,yougiveitup.oversight:thestateofbeinginchargeofsomebody/something负责；照管13.SpaceXclaimsitcouldadaptitscargo-carryingspaceshipforferryingahumancrewinlessthanthreeyears,onceitgetsthegreenlight.(Para.6)SpaceXclaimsitcouldmakesomechangetoitsspaceshipsothatitcouldsendpeopletoouterspaceinlessthanthreeyears,onceitgetspermission.14.IfVirginandothercommercialfirmscandeliver,Earthorbitwillbefarmoreaccessiblethanit’severbeenbefore.Althoughitwouldstillbeastretchforallbutthewealthiestpeople,costscouldcomedownlowenoughtojump-startmarketsfortourism.(Para.8)IfcommercialfirmslikeVirginGalacticcandelivermantoEarthorbit,thenEarthorbitwouldbemucheasiertogettothaneverbefore.Itwouldbeopentonobodybutthewealthiestpeoplesinceonlytherichcanaffordthehighprice，butthecostcouldbereducedsothatitwouldbecomearisingmarketfortourism.15.Thebigstickingpoint,however,willbesafety.EventhoughNASAholdsthesafetyofitscrewparamount,itstillhasn’tbeenabletoescapetheoccasionaldisaster,likethelossoftheColumbiashuttleanditscrewin2003.(Para.8)Thekeypointisstilltheconsiderationofsafetyofitscrew.EventhoughNASAregardsthesafetyofitscrewasthemostimportantthing,itstillhasn’tbeenabletoavoidtheoccasionaldisaster,suchasthelossoftheSpaceshuttle,Columbiaandits7crewmembersin2003.16.…thespaceshuttleisunreliable,inpart,becauseitsall-purposedesignisoverlycomplex.NASAneedsabiggerrocketcapableofsendingacrew,withequipmentandsuppliesforalong-durationtrip,beyondthetetherofEarth’sgravity.(Para.9)…thespaceshuttleisunreliablepartlybecauseitsspaceshuttleisdesignedforall-aroundpurposes,suchascarryingcargoorpeople,etc.Andtheprocessofdesignisextremelycomplex.NASAneedsabiggerrocketcapableofsendingacrew,withequipmentandsuppliesforalongertrip,beyondthelimitationorinfluenceofEarth’sgravity.overly:too/extremely17.Itmightbeabletoenticecommercialfirmstoundertaketheirownbigrocketsifthereweresomepayoffdowntheroad.(Para.9)Privatefirmsmightbeattractedtobuildtheirownrocketstodeliverastronautstoouterspaceiftheycouldgetprofits.payoff:n.return;reward;payment18.ManyseeminglyridiculousideasforgeneratingenergyandbeamingitbacktoEarthnowseemmuchlessso,thankstotheclimatecrisis.(Para.9)Theideasofgeneratingenergyandshiningitbacktoearth,whichusedtosoundveryfunny,butnowseemsmuchpossibleandnecessaryduetotheconsiderationoftheclimatecrisis.19.…thechallengeofsendingpeoplesafelyintodeepspaceandbackforaprofitisbigenoughtogiveanyentrepreneurpause.(Para.10)…thechallengeforprivateservicestosendpeoplesafelyintodeepspaceandbackformakingprofitsissobigthatanyentrepreneurwouldhesitatebeforetheytaketheirsteps.givesb./sth.pause:使踌躇，使犹豫Thisfindingshouldgivepausetoit.这个发现令人深思。Hisrecentbehaviorhasgivenherpauseabouttheirrelationship.他最近的行为让她对他们的关系产生了犹豫。20.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn’ttakeoffuntiltherailwaysarrived.(Para.11)HereitmeansthattheprivatesectorwillplayanimportantroleanddolotsofworkindeepspaceonlyifNASAgetsitstarted.III.Keytotheexercises1.Readingcomprehension(1)Inearlytimestherewasanessaycomparingspacetraveltothecolonization,butnothingcankeepDysonfrommakingameticulousefforttoquantifyandcomparethecostsofthesevastlydifferentventures.(2)BypresentingtherelationshipbetweenFedExandtheU.S.Postalservice,thewriterwantstoshowthatNASAactuallycanpayprivatefirms,likeSpaceXtodesignanddevelopspaceprogram.(3)NASAopenedupitsspaceexplorationprogramtocommercialoperatorsbecauseNASAlacksfundingtokeepitshumanspaceflightprogrammovingonandoperating.So,itistheshortfallthatforcesNASAtoopenupitsspace-explorationprogramtocommercialoperators.(4)TherearetwostepsthatNASAisgoingtotakeafteritbeginsworkingwithsmallercompanies.Thefirstistogetcargodeliveredtospace;thenextstepistoworkoutsimilardealswithprivatefirmstosendastronautsaloft.(5)Giveyourowncomments.2.VocabularySectionA(1)fanciful　(2)eminent　(3)meticulous　(4)aloft　(5)mogul(6)shortfall　(7)quantify　(8)relinquished　(9)entrust　(10)wholesaleSectionB(1)C　(2)B　(3)C　(4)D　(5)B　(6)C　(7)B　(8)D　(9)C　(10)B3.Cloze(1)predicted(2)pass(3)doubt(4)catch(5)running(6)high-lever(7)lag(8)convinced(9)assured(10)reasonably(11)dismissed(12)acute(13)called(14)offer(15)creation(16)feats(17)failed(18)lack(19)blame(20)boss4.TranslationA.ChinesetoEnglish1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(1)Bysomeestimates,10millionAmericanswillbetelecommutingin5yearssothatthreequartersofabilliongallonsofpetrolcouldbesaved.(2)RoggealsothankedthesecurityforcesthatkepttheWinterOlympicGamessafeatthecostofabout$310million,abillthatincreasedfollowingtheSept.11terroristattacks.(3)Governmenthasgivenourcityamoderninternationalairportcapableofmeetingourrequirementsfarintothenextcentury.(4)Whatmakesparentsworryisthatsomeprimarystudentskeepindulgingthemselvesincomputergamesdayandnightandnothingcanenticethemfromcomputers.(5)It’saninterestingsuggestionforspaceprogram,butweneedabitlongertimetogivepausetoitsinceitissocostly.(6)Atpresent,governmentparticularlyneedstoworkonvocationaltraininginvariousforms,openupnewopportunitiesofemploymentandstrivetoassistasmanylaid-offworkersaspossibleinfindingnewjobs.(7)Arecentsurveyfound55percentofthosepolledconsideredtrueloveparamountinarelationship,while45percentstillbelievedinloveatfirstsight.(8)Graduatesareundergreatpressurebeforeleavingcollegebecauseofjobhunting,poverty,emotionalproblems,schoolachievementsandsurroundings,etc.2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.AftertheSovietspaceprogramlaunchedtheworld’sfirsthuman-madesatellite(Sputnik1)onOctober4,1957,theattentionoftheUnitedStatesturnedtowarditsownfledglingspaceefforts.TheU.S.Congress,alarmedbytheperceivedthreatto