ASTM B108-2002

Designation:B108–02StandardSpecificationforAluminum-AlloyPermanentMoldCastings1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationB108;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.1.Scope*1.1Thisspecification2coversaluminum-alloypermanentmoldcastingsdesignatedasshowninTable1.1.2AlloyandtemperdesignationsareinaccordancewithANSIH35.1.TheequivalentunifiednumberingsystemalloydesignationsareinaccordancewithPracticeE527.1.3Foracceptancecriteriaforinclusionofnewaluminumandaluminumalloysandtheirpropertiesinthisspecification,seeAnnexA1andAnnexA2.1.4Thevaluesstatedineitherinch-poundunitsorSIunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Withinthetext,theSIunitsareshowninbrackets.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemarenotexactequivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnonconformancewiththestandard.1.5Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabil-ityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1Thefollowingdocumentsoftheissueineffectonthedateofcastingpurchaseformapartofthisspecificationtotheextentreferencedherein:2.2ASTMStandards:B179SpecificationforAluminumAlloysinIngotandMoltenFormsforCastingsfromallCastingProcesses3B275PracticeforCodificationofCertainNonferrousMet-alsandAlloys,CastandWrought3B557TestMethodsforTensionTestingWroughtandCastAluminum-andMagnesium-AlloyProducts3B660PracticesforPackaging/PackingofAluminumandMagnesiumProducts3B917PracticeforHeatTreatmentofAluminum-AlloyCastingsfromAllProcesses3E29PracticeforUsingSignificantDigitsinTestDatatoDetermineConformancewithSpecifications4E34TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofAluminumandAluminum-BaseAlloys5E88PracticeforSamplingNonferrousMetalsandAlloysinCastFormforDeterminationofChemicalComposition5E94GuideforRadiographicTesting6E155ReferenceRadiographsforInspectionofAluminumandMagnesiumCastings6E165TestMethodforLiquidPenetrantExamination6E227TestMethodforOpticalEmissionSpectrometricAnalysisofAluminumandAluminumAlloysbythePoint-to-PlaneTechnique5E527PracticeforNumberingMetalsandAlloys(UNS)7E607TestMethodforOpticalEmissionSpectrometricAnalysisofAluminumandAluminumAlloysbythePoint-to-PlaneTechnique,NitrogenAtmosphere8E716PracticesforSamplingAluminumandAluminumAlloysforSpectrochemicalAnalysis8E1251TestMethodforOpticalEmissionSpectrometricAnalysisofAluminumandAluminumAlloysbytheArgonAtmosphere,Point-to-Plane,UnipolarSelf-InitiatingCa-pacitorDischarge82.3ANSIStandard:H35.1AlloyandTemperDesignationSystemsforAlumi-num92.4MilitaryStandards:9MIL-STD-129MarkingforShipmentandStorageMIL-STD-276ImpregnationofPorousNonferrousMetalCastingsMIL-STD-278WeldingandAlliedProcessesforMachineryforShipsMIL-I-13857ImpregnationofMetalCastings2.5FederalStandard:101ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeB07onLightMetalsandAlloysandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeB07.01onAluminumAlloyIngotsandCastings.CurrenteditionapprovedDec.10,2002.PublishedMarch2003.Originallyapprovedin1936.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2001asB108–01a.2ForASMEBoilerandPressureCodeapplicationseerelatedSB-108.3AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol02.02.4AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol14.02.5AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol03.05.6AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol03.03.7AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol01.01.8AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol03.06.9AvailablefromAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,11W.42ndSt.,13thFloor,NY10036.10AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4,SectionD,700RobbinsAve.,Philadelphia,PA19111-5094,Attn:NPODS.1*ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstandard.Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.FedStd.No.123MarkingforShipment(CivilAgencies)3.Terminology3.1Definitions:3.1.1permanentmoldcasting—ametalobjectproducedbyintroducingmoltenmetalbygravityorlowpressureintoamoldconstructedofdurablematerial,usuallyironorsteel,andallowingittosolidify.3.1.2semi-permanentmoldcasting—apermanentmoldcastingwhichismadeusinganexpendablecoresuchassand.4.OrderingInformation4.1Ordersformaterialunderthisspecificationshallincludethefollowinginformation:4.1.1Thisspecificationdesignation(whichincludesthenumber,theyear,andtherevisionletter,ifapplicable),4.1.2Alloy(seeSection7andTable1),4.1.3Temper(seeSection11andTable2),4.1.4Applicabledrawingorpartnumber,4.1.5Thequantityineitherpiecesorpounds.4.2Additionally,ordersformaterialtothisspecificationshallincludethefollowinginformationwhenrequiredbythepurchaser.4.2.1Whetheryieldstrengthtestsarerequired(see11.1andTable2,FootnoteF),4.2.2Whethercastingsortestbars,orboth,aretobeartificiallyagedforAlloys705.0-T5,707.0-T5,and713.0-T5(see11.3),4.2.3Whethertestspecimenscutfromcastingsarerequiredinadditiontoorinsteadofseparatelycastspecimens(seeSections11,12.2,13.2,and15),4.2.4Whetherrepairsarepermissible(seeSection18),4.2.5Whetherinspectionisrequiredattheproducer’sworks(seeSection19),TABLE1ChemicalCompositionLimitsA,B,CAlloyComposition,%ANSIDUNSAluminumSiliconIronCopperManga-neseMagne-siumChromiumNickelZincTinTitaniumOtherElementsEEachTotalF204.0A02040remainder0.200.354.2–5.00.100.15–0.35...0.050.100.050.15–0.300.050.15208.0A02080remainder2.5–3.51.23.5–4.50.500.10...0.351.0...0.25...0.50213.0A02130remainder1.0–3.01.26.0–8.00.60.10...0.352.5...0.25...0.50222.0A02220remainder2.01.59.2–10.70.500.15–0.35...0.500.8...0.25...0.35242.0A02420remainder0.71.03.5–4.50.351.2–1.80.251.7–2.30.35...0.250.050.15296.0remainder2.0–3.01.24.0–5.00.350.05...0.350.50...0.25...0.35308.0remainder5.0–6.01.04.0–5.00.500.10......1.0...0.25...0.50319.0A03190remainder5.5–6.51.03.0–4.00.500.10...0.351.0...0.25...0.50332.0GA03320remainder8.5–10.51.22.0–4.00.500.50–1.5...0.501.0...0.25...0.50333.0A03330remainder8.0–10.01.03.0–4.00.500.05–0.50...0.501.0...0.25...0.50336.0GA03360remainder11.0–13.01.20.50–1.50.350.7–1.3...2.0–3.00.35...0.250.05...354.0A03540remainder8.6–9.40.201.6–2.00.100.40–0.6......0.10...0.200.050.15355.0A03550remainder4.5–5.50.6H1.0–1.50.50H0.40–0.60.25...0.35...0.250.050.15C355.0A33550remainder4.5–5.50.201.0–1.50.100.40–0.6......0.10...0.200.050.15356.0A03560remainder6.5–7.50.6H0.250.35H0.20–0.45......0.35...0.250.050.15A356.0A13560remainder6.5–7.50.200.200.100.25–0.45......0.10...0.200.050.15357.0remainder6.5–7.50.150.050.030.45–0.6......0.05...0.200.050.15A357.0A13570remainder6.5–7.50.200.200.100.40–0.7......0.10...0.04–0.200.05I0.15359.0A03590remainder8.5–9.50.200.200.100.50–0.7......0.10...0.200.050.15443.0A04430remainder4.5–6.00.80.60.500.050.25...0.50...0.25...0.35B443.0A24430remainder4.5–6.00.80.150.350.05......0.35...0.250.050.15A444.0A14440remainder6.5–7.50.200.100.100.05......0.10...0.200.050.15513.0GA05130remainder0.300.400.100.303.5–4.5......1.4–2.2...0.200.050.15535.0A05350remainder0.150.150.050.10–0.256.2–7.5............0.10–0.250.05J0.15705.0A07050remainder0.200.80.200.40–0.61.4–1.80.20–0.40...2.7–3.3...0.250.050.15707.0A07070remainder0.200.80.200.40–0.61.8–2.40.20–0.40...4.0–4.5...0.250.050.15711.0GA07110remainder0.300.7–1.40.35–0.650.050.25–0.45......6.0–7.0...0.200.050.15713.0A07130remainder0.251.10.40–1.00.60.20–0.500.350.157.0–8.0...0.250.100.25850.0A08500remainder0.70.70.7–1.30.100.10...0.7–1.3...5.5–7.00.20...0.30851.0GA08510remainder2.0–3.00.70.7–1.30.100.10...0.3–0.7...5.5–7.00.20...0.30852.0GA08520remainder0.400.71.7–2.30.100.6–0.9...0.9–1.5...5.5–7.00.20...0.30AWhensingleunitsareshown,theseindicatethemaximumamountspermitted.BAnalysisshallbemadefortheelementsforwhichlimitsareshowninthistable.CThefollowingappliestoallspecifiedlimitsinthistable:Forpurposesofdeterminingconformancetotheselimits,anobservedvalueoracalculatedvalueobtainedfromanalysisshallberoundedtothenearestunitinthelastright-handplaceoffiguresusedinexpressingthespecifiedlimitinaccordancewiththeroundingmethodofPracticeE29.DASTMalloydesignationsarerecordedinPracticeB275.EOthersincludeslistedelementsforwhichnospecificlimitisshownaswellasunlistedmetallicelements.Theproducermayanalyzesamplesfortraceelementsnotspecifiedinthespecification.However,suchanalysisisnotrequiredandmaynotcoverallmetallicOtherselements.ShouldanyanalysisbytheproducerorthepurchaserestablishthatanOtherselementexceedsthelimitofEachorthattheaggregateofseveralOtherselementsexceedsthelimitofTotal,thematerialshallbeconsiderednonconforming.FOtherElements—Totalshallbethesumofunspecifiedmetallicelements0.010%ormore,roundedtotheseconddecimalbeforedeterminingthesum.G336.0formerlyA332.0,332.0formerlyF332.0,513.0formerlyA514.0,711.0formerlyC712.0,851.0formerlyA850.0,852.0formerlyB850.0.HIftheironcontentexceeds0.45%,manganesecontentshallnotbelessthanonehalfoftheiron.IBeryllium0.04–0.07.JBeryllium0.003–0.007,boron0.005max.B108–0224.2.6Whethercertificationisrequired(seeSection23),4.2.7Whethersurfacerequirementswillbecheckedvisu-allyorbyobservationalstandardswheresuchstandardsareestablished(see20.1),4.2.8Whetherliquidpenetrantinspectionisrequired(see20.2),4.2.9Whetherradiographicinspectionisrequired(see20.3),and4.2.10Whetherfoundrycontrolisrequired(see10.2).4.2.11WhetherPracticesB660appliesand,ifso,thelevelsofpreservation,packagingandpackingrequired(see24.4).5.ResponsibilityforQualityAssurance5.1Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthecontractorpurchaseorder,theproducershallberesponsiblefortheperformanceofallinspectionsandtestrequirementsspecifiedherein.Unlessotherwiseagreedupon,theproducermayusehisownoranyothersuitablefacilitiesfortheperformanceoftheinspectionandtestrequirementsspecifiedherein.Thepurchasershallhavetherighttoperformanyoftheinspectionsandtestssetforthinthespecificationwheresuchinspectionsaredeemednecessarytoconfirmthatmaterialconformstoprescribedrequirements.6.MaterialsandManufacture6.1Theresponsibilityoffurnishingcastingsthatcanbelaidoutandmachinedtothefinisheddimensionswithinthepermissiblevariationsspecified,asshownontheblueprintsordrawings,shallrestwiththeproducer,exceptwheremoldequipmentisfurnishedbythepurchaser.7.ChemicalComposition7.1ThecastingsshallconformtothechemicalcompositionlimitsprescribedinTable1.Conformanceshallbedeterminedbytheproducerbyanalyzingsamplesatthetimethecastingsarepoured,orsamplestakenfromcastingsortensiontestspecimensrepresentativeofthecastings.Iftheproducerhasdeterminedthechemicalcompositionofthematerialduringthecourseofmanufacture,heshallnotberequiredtosampleandanalyzethefinishedproduct.TABLE2TensileRequirementsA,BAlloyTemperCTensileStrength,min,ksi(MPa)DYieldStrengthE(0.2%offset),min,ksi(MPa)DElongationin2in.or43Diameter,min,%TypicalBrinellHardnessF500-kgfload,10-mmballANSIGUNS204.0A02040T4separatelycastspecimens48.0(331)29.0(200)8.0...208.0A02080T433.0(228)15.0(103)4.575T635.0(241)22.0(152)2.090T733.0(228)16.0(110)3.080213.0A02130F23.0(159).........222.0A02220T55130.0(207)...H115T6540.0(276)...H140242.0A02420T57134.0(234)...H105T6140.0(276)...H110319.0A03190F27.0(186)14.0(97)2.595336.0IA03360T55131.0(214)...H105T6540.0(276)...H125332.0IA03320T531.0(214)...H105333.0A03330F28.0(193)...H90T530.0(207)...H100T635.0(241)...H105T731.0(214)...H90354.0A03540T61separatelycastspecimens48.0(331)37.0(255)3.0casting,designatedareaJ47.0(324)36.0(248)3.0castings,nolocationdesignatedJ43.0(297)33.0(228)2.0T62separatelycastspecimens52.0(359)42.0(290)2.0castings,designatedareaJ50.0(344)42.0(290)2.0castings,nolocationdesignatedJ43.0(297)33.0(228)2.0355.0A03550T5127.0(186)...H75T6242.0(290)...H105T736.0(248)...H90T7134.0(234)27.0(186)H80C355.0A33550T61separatelycastspecimens40.0(276)30.0(207)3.085–90castings,designatedareaJ40.0(276)30.0(207)3.0castings,nolocationdesignatedJ37.0(255)30.0(207)1.085356.0A03560F21.0(145)10.0(69)3.0T633.0(228)22.0(152)3.085T7125.0(172)...3.070A356.0A13560T61separatelycastspecimens38.0(262)26.0(179)5.080–90castings,designatedareaJ33.0(228)26.0(179)5.0castings,nolocationdesignatedJ28.0(193)26.0(179)3.0357.0T645.0(310)...3.0...A357.0A13570T61separatelycastspecimens45.0(310)36.0(248)3.0100B108–023TABLE2ContinuedAlloyTemperCTensileStrength,min,ksi(MPa)DYieldStrengthE(0.2%offset),min,ksi(MPa)DElongationin2in.or43Diameter,min,%TypicalBrinellHardnessF500-kgfload,10-mmballANSIGUNScastings,designatedareaJ46.0(317)36.0(248)3.0...castings,nolocationdesignatedJ41.0(283)31.0(214)3.0...359.0A03590T61separatelycastspecimens45.0(310)34.0(234)4.090castings,designatedareaJ45.0(310)34.0(234)4.0castings,nolocationdesignatedJ40.0(276)30.0(207)3.0T62separatelycastspecimens47.0(324)38.0(262)3.0100castings,designatedareaJ47.0(324)38.0(262)3.0castings,nolocationdesignatedJ40.0(276)30.0(207)3.0443.0A04430F21.0(145)7.0(49)2.045B443.0A24430F21.0(145)6.0(41)2.545A444.0A14440T4separatelycastspecimens20.0(138)...20...castings,designatedareaJ20.0(138)...20...513.0IA05130F22.0(152)12.0(83)2.560535.0A05350F35.0(241)18.0(124)8.0...705.0A07050T1orT537.0(255)17.0(117)10.0707.0A07070T142.0(290)25.0(173)4.0T745.0(310)35.0(241)3.0711.0IA07110T128.0(193)18.0(124)7.070713.0A07130T1orT532.0(221)22.0(152)4.0850.0A08500T518.0(124)...8.0851.0IA08510T517.0(117)...3.0T618.0(124)...8.0852.0IA08520T527.0(186)...3.0AIfagreeduponbymanufacturerandthepurchaser,othermechanicalpropertiesmaybeobtainedbyotherheattreatmentssuchasannealing,aging,orstressrelieving.BForpurposesofdeterminingconformancewiththisspecification,eachvaluefortensilestrengthandyieldstrengthshallberoundedofftothenearest0.1ksi,andeachvalueforelongationshallberoundedtothenearest0.5%,bothinaccordancewiththeroundingmethodofPracticeE29.CRefertoANSIH35.1fordescriptionoftempers.DSIunitsforinformationonly.ForexplanationoftheSIUnit“MPa”seeAppendixX2.EYieldstrengthtobeevaluatedonlywhenspecifiedincontractorpurchaseorder.FHardnessvaluesgivenforinformationonly,notrequiredforacceptance.GASTMalloydesignationsarerecordedinPracticeB275.HNotrequired.I336.0formerlyA332.0,332.0formerlyF332.0,513.0formerlyA514.0,711.0formerlyC712.0,851.0formerlyA850.0,852.0formerlyB850.0.JThesepropertiesapplyonlytocastingshavingsectionthicknessesnotgreaterthan2in.exceptthatsectionthicknessesof3⁄4in.,max,shallapplytoAlloyA444.0.8.SamplingforDeterminationofChemicalComposition8.1Asamplefordeterminationofchemicalcompositionshallbetakentorepresentoneofthefollowing:8.1.1Notmorethan4000lb(1814kg)ofcleancastings(gatesandrisersremoved)orasinglecastingpouredfromonefurnace.8.1.2Thecastingspouredcontinuouslyfromonefurnaceinnotmorethaneightconsecutivehours.8.2Samplesfordeterminationofchemicalcompositionshallbetakeninaccordancewithoneofthefollowingmethods:8.2.1SamplesforChemicalAnalysis—Samplesforchemi-calanalysisshallbetakenbysawing,drilling,ormillingthecastingortestspecimensinsuchamannerastoberepresen-tativeofthematerial(PracticeE88).Theweightofapreparedsampleshallnotbelessthan75g.8.2.2SamplesforSpectrochemicalandOtherMethodsofAnalysis—SamplesforspectrochemicalanalysisshallbetakeninaccordancewithPracticesE716.Samplesforothermethodsofanalysisshallbesuitablefortheformofmaterialbeinganalyzedandthetypeofanalyticalmethodsused.9.MethodsforDeterminationofChemicalComposition9.1Thedeterminationofchemicalcompositionshallbemadeinaccordancewithsuitablechemical(TestMethodsE34),orspectrochemical(TestMethodsE227,E607andE1251),methods.OthermethodsmaybeusedonlywhennopublishedASTMmethodisavailable.Incaseofdispute,themethodofanalysisshallbeagreeduponbytheproducerandthepurchaser.10.RequirementsforCastingsProducedforGovernmentalandMilitaryAgencies10.1MaterialRequirements:10.1.1Unlessotherwisespecified,onlyaluminumalloyconformingtotherequirementsofSpecificationB179orproducersfoundryscrap,identifiedasbeingmadefromalloyconformingtoSpecificationB179,shallbeusedintheremeltingfurnacefromwhichmoltenmetalistakenforpouringdirectlyintocastings.Additionsofsmallamountsofmodifyingandgrainrefiningelementsoralloysarepermitted.10.1.2Purematerials,recycledmaterials,andmasteralloysmaybeusedtomakealloysconformingtothisspecification,B108–024providedchemicalanalysiscanbetakenandadjustedtoconformtoTable1priortopouringanycastings.10.2FoundryControl—Whenspecified,castingsshallbeproducedunderfoundrycontrolapprovedbythepurchaser.Foundrycontrolshallconsistofexaminationofcastingsbyradiographicorotherapprovedmethodsfordetermininginter-naldiscontinuitiesuntilthegating,pouring,andotherfoundrypracticeshavebeenestablishedtoproducecastingsmeetingthequalitystandardsfurnishedbythepurchaseroragreeduponbythepurchaserandtheproducer.Whenfoundrypracticeshavebeensoestablished,theproductionmethodshallnotbesignificantlychangedwithoutdemonstratingtothesatisfactionofthepurchaserthatthechangedoesnotadverselyaffectthequalityofthecastings.Minorchangesof650°F(628°C)fromtheestablishednominaltemperaturearepermissible.11.TensileRequirements11.1TheseparatelycasttensiontestspecimensrepresentingthecastingsshallmeetthemechanicalpropertiesprescribedinTable2.11.2Whenspecified,thetensilestrengthandelongationoftestspecimenscutfromcastingsshallbeinaccordancewithTable2forAlloys354.0,C355.0,A356.0,A357.0,andA444.0.Forotheralloysaminimumof75%ofthetensileandyieldstrengthvaluesandnotlessthan25%oftheelongationvaluesspecifiedinTable2arerequired.Themeasurementofelonga-tionisnotrequiredfortestspecimenscutfromcastingsif25%ofthespecifiedminimumelongationvaluepublishedinTable2is0.5%orless.IfgradeDqualitycastingsasdescribedinTable3arespecified,notensiletestsshallbespecifiednortensilerequirementsbemetonspecimenscutfromcastings.11.3AlthoughAlloys705.0,707.0,and713.0aremostfrequentlyusedinthenaturallyagedcondition,byagreementoftheproducerandthepurchaser,thecastingsmaybeartificiallyaged.Theproducerandthepurchasermayalsoagreetobasetheacceptanceofcastingsonartificiallyagedtestbars.TheconditionsofartificialagingshowninPracticeB917shallbeemployedunlessotherconditionsareacceptedbymutualconsent.12.TestSpecimens12.1Separatelycasttestspecimensshallbecastinironmolds.ArecommendedgatingmethodisshowninFig.1.ThetestsectionofthetensiontestspecimenshallbecasttosizeinaccordancewiththedimensionsshowninFig.1andnotmachinedpriortotest.Gripendsmaybemachinedtoadapttheminsuchamannerastoensureaxialloading.12.2Whenpropertiesofcastingsaretobedetermined,tensiontestspecimensshallbecutfromthelocationsdesig-natedonthedrawings,unlessotherwisenegotiated.Ifnolocationsaredesignated,oneormorespecimensshallbetakentoincludelocationshavingsignificantvariationincastingthickness,exceptthatspecimensshallnotbetakenfromareasdirectlyunderrisers.Thetensiontestspecimensshallbethestandard0.500-in.diameterspecimensshowninFig.9ofTestMethodsB557oraroundspecimenofsmallersizepropor-tionaltothestandardspecimens.Innocaseshallthedimen-sionsofthesmallestspecimenbelessthanthefollowing:Diameterofreducedsection,0.250in.Lengthofreducedsection,11⁄4in.Radiusoffillet,3⁄16in.Diameterofendsection,3⁄8in.Overalllength:Withshoulderedends,23⁄8in.Withthreadedends,3in.Withplaincylindricalends,4in.12.3Whennecessary,arectangularspecimenmaybeusedproportionaltothatshownforthe0.500in.widespecimeninFig.6ofTestMethodsB557,butinnocaseshallitsdimensionsbelessthanthefollowing:Widthofreducedsection,1⁄4in.Lengthofreducedsection,11⁄4in.Radiusoffillet,1⁄4in.Overalllength,4in.Thespecifiedelongationvaluesshallnotapplytotestsofrectangularspecimens.12.4Ifthecastingsaretobeheattreatedandseparatelycastspecimensaretobeused,thespecimensrepresentingsuchcastingsshall