阿奇舒勒矛盾矩阵表(完全修改后正确版本)

阿奇舒勒矛盾矩阵表你想削弱的参数你想改善的参数运动物体的重量静止物体的重量运动问题的长度静止物体的长度运动物体的面积静止物体的面积运动物体的体积静止物体的体积速度力应力或压力形状结构的稳定性强度运动物体作用时间静止物体作用时间温度光照度运动物体的能量静止物体的能量功率能量损失物质损失信息损失时间损失物质或事物的数量可靠性测试精度制造精度物体外部有害因素作用的敏感性物体产生的有害因素可制造性可操作性可维修性适应性及多用性装置的复杂性监控与测试的困难程度自动化程度生产率123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839运动物体的重量1+-15,8,29,34-29,17,38,34-29,2,40,28-2,8,15,388,10,18,3710,36,37,4010,14,35,401,35,19,3928,27,18,405,34,31,35-6,29,4,3819,1,32,35,12,34,31-12,36,18,316,2,34,195,35,3,3110,24,3510,35,20,283,26,18,311,3,11,2728,27,35,2628,35,26,1822,21,18,2722,35,313,3927,28,1,3635,3,2,242,27,28,1129,5,15,826,30,36,3428,29,26,3226,35,18,1925,3,24,37静止物体的重量2-+-10,1,29,35-35,30,13,2-5,35,14,2-8,10,19,3513,29,10,1813,10,29,1426,39,1,4028,2,10,27-2,27,19,628,19,32,2219,32,35-18,19,28,115,19,18,2218,19,28,155,8,13,3010,15,3510,20,35,2619,6,18,2610,28,8,318,26,2810,1,35,172,19,22,3735,22，1,3928,1,96,13,1,322,27,28,1119,15,291,10,26,3925,28,17,152,26,351,28,15,35运动问题的长度38,15,29,34-+-15,17,4-7,17,4,3513,4,817,10,41,8,351,8,10,291,8,15,348,35,29,3419-10,15,19328,35,24-1,357,2,35,394,29,23,101,2415,2,2929,3510,14,29,4028,32,410,28,29,371,15，17,2417,151,29,1715,29,35,41,28,1014,15,1,161,19,26,2435,1,26,2417,24,26,1614,4,28,29静止物体的长度435,28,40,29-+-17,7,10,40-35,8,2,14-28,101,14,3513,14,15,739,37,3515,14,28,26-1,10,353,35,38,183,25-12,86,2810,28,24,3524,2630,29,1415,29,2832,28,32,32,101,1815,17,272,2531,351,262630,14,7,26运动物体的面积52,17,29,4-14,15,18,4-+-7,14,17,429,30,4,3419,30,35,210,15,36,285,34,29,411,2,13,393,15,40,146,3-2，15,1615,32,19,1319,32-19,10,32,1815,17,30,2610,35,2,3930,2626,429,30,6,1329,926,28,32,32,3222,33,28,117,2,18,3913,1,26,2415,17,13,1615,13,10,115,3014,1,132,36,26,1814,30,28,2310,26,34,2静止物体的面积6-30,2,14,18-26,7,9,39-+--1,18,35,3610,15,36,372,3840-2,10,19,3035,39,38-17,3217,7,3010,14,18,3930,1610,35,4,182,18,40,432,35,40,426,28,32,32,29,18,3627,2,39,3522,1,4040,1616,41615,161,18,362,35,30,182310,15,17,7运动物体的体积72,26,29,40-1,7,4,35-1,7,4,17-+-29,4,38,3415,35,36,376,35,36,371,15,29,428,10,1,399,14,15,76,35,4-34,39,10,182,13,1035-35,6,13,187,15,13,1636,39,34,102,222,6,34,1029,30,71,4,1,40,125,26,2825,28,2,1622,21,27,3517,2,40,129,1,4015,13,30,121015,2926,129,26,435,34,16,2410,6,2,34静止物体的体积8-35,10,19,1419,1435,8,2,14--+-2,18,3724,257,2,3534,28,35,409,14,17,15-35,34,3835,6,4-30,610,39,35,3435,16,32,1835,32,35,1635,10,2534,39,19,2730,18,35,43511,312,17,2635,37,10,2速度92,28,13,38-13,14,8-29,30,34-7,29,34-+13,28,15,196,18,38,4035,15,18,3428,33,1,188,3,26,143,19,35,5-28,30,36,210,13,198,15,35,38-19,35,38,214,20,19,3510,13,28,3813,2610,19,29,3811,35,27,2828,32,1,2410,28,32,251,28,35,232,24,35,2135,13,8,132,28,13,1234,2,28,2715,10,2610,28,4,343,34,27,1610,18力108,1,37,1818,13,1,2817,19,9,3628,1019,10,151,18,36,3715,9,12,372,36,18,3713,28,15,12+18,21,1110,35,40,3435,10,2135,10,14,2719,235,10,21-19,17,101,16,36,3719,35,18,3714,158,35,40,510,37,3614,29,18,363,35,13,2135,10,23,2428,29,37,361,35,40,1813,3,36,2415,37,18,11,28,3,2515,1,1115,17,18,2026,35,110,1836,37,10,192,353,28,35,37应力或压力1110,36,37,4013,29,10,1835,10,3635,1,14,1610,15,36,2810,15,36，376,35,1035,246,35,3636,35,21+35,4,15,1035,33,2,409,18,3,4019,3,2735,39,19,2-14,24,10,3710,35,142,36,2510,36,3,3737,36,410,14,3610,13,19,356,28,253,3522,2,372,33,27,181,35,161123519,1,352,36,3735,2410,14,35,37形状128,10,29,4015,10,26,329,34,5,413,14,10,75,34,4,1014,4,15,227,2,3535,15,34,1835,10,37,4034,15,10，14+33,1,18,430,14,10,1014,26,9,2522,14,19,3213,15,322,6,34,144,6,21435,29,3,514,10,34,1736,2210,10,1628,32,132,30,4022,1,2,3535,11,32,17,2832,15,262,13,11,15,2916,29,1,2815,13,3915,1,3217,26,34,10结构的稳定性1321,35,2,3926,39,1,4013,15,1,28372,11,133928,10,19,3934,28,35,4033,15,28,1810,35,21,162,35,4022,1,18,4+17,9,1513,27,10,3539,3,35,2335,1,3232,3,27,1613,1927,4,29,1832,35,27,3114,2,39,62,14,30,4035,2715,32,35131835,24,30,1835,40,27,3935,1932,35,302,35,10,1635,30,34,22,35,22,2635,22,39,231,8,3523,35,40,3强度141,8,40,1540,26,27,11,15,8,3515,14,28,263,34,40,299,40,2810,15,14,79,14,17,158,13,26,1410,18,3,1410,3,18,4010,30,35,4013,17,35+27,3,2630,10,4035,1919,35,103510,26,35,28353,5,28,31,4029,3,28,1029,10,2711,33,27,163,2718,35,37,115,35,22,211,3,10,3232,40,25,227,11,315,3,322,13,25,2827,3,15,401529,35,10,14运动物体作用时间1519,5,34,31-2,19,9-3,17,19-10,2,19,30-3,35,519,2,1619,3,2714,26,28,2513,3,3527,3,10+-19,35,392,19,4,3528,6,35,1819,10,35,3828,27,3,181020,10,28,183,35,10,4011,2,1333,27,16,4022,15,33,2821,39,16,2227,1,412,2729,10,271,35,1310,4,29,1519,29,39,356,1035,17,14,19静止物体作用时间16-6,27,19,16-1,10,35--35,34,38-39,3,35,23-+19,18,36,40-1627,16,18,381028,20,110,163,35,3134,27,6,4010,26,2417,1,40,332235,1011225,34,6,35120,10,16,38温度1736,22,6,3822,35,3215,19,915,19,93,35,39,1835,3834,39,40,1835,6,42,28,36,3035,10,3,2135,39,19,214,22,19,321,35,3210,30,22,4019,13,3919,18,36,40+32,30,21,1619,15,3,172,14,17,2521,17,35,3821,36,29,3135,28,21,183,17,30,3919,35,3,1032,19,242422,33,35,222,35,2,2426,2726,274,10,162,18,272,17,163,27,35,3126,2,19,1615,28,35光照度1819,1,322，35,3219,32,1619,32,262,13,1010,13,1926,19,632,3032,3,2735,192,19,632,35,19+32,1,1932,35,1,153213,16,1,613,11,619,1,26,171,1911,15,323,3215,1935,19,32,3919,35,28,2628,26,1915,17,13,1615,1,196,32,1332,152,26,102,25,16运动物体的能量1912,18,28,31-12,28-15,19,25-35,13,18-8,15,3516,26,21,223,14,2512,2,2919,13,17,245,19,9,3529,35,6,18-19,24,3,142,15,19+-6,19,37,1812,22,15,2435,24,18,535,38,19,1834,23,16,1819,21,273,1,321,35,6,272,35,628,26,3019,351,15,17,2815,17,13,162,29,27,2835,3832,212,28,35静止物体的能量20-19,9,6,27----36，3727,4,29,183519,2,35,32-+28,27,18,313,35,3110,36,2310,2,22,3719,22,181,419,35,16,251,6功率218,36,38,3119,26,17,271,10,35,3719,3817,32,13,3835,6,3830,6,2515,35,226,2,36,3522,10,3529,14,2,4035,32,15,3126,10,2819,35,10,38162,14,17,2516,6,1916,6,19,37+10,35,3828,27,18,3810,1935,20,10,64,34,1919,24,26,3132,15,232,219,22,31,22,35,1826,10,3426,35,1035,2,10,3419,17,3420,19,30,3419,35,1628,2,1728,35,34能量损失2215,6,19,2819,6,18,97,2,6,136,38,715,26,17,3017,7,30,187,18,23716,35,3836,3814,2,39,62619,38,71,13,32,153,28+35,27,2,3719,1010,18,32,77,18,2511,10,353221,22,35,221,35,2,2235,32,12,197,2335,3,15,23228,10,29,35物质损失2335,6,23,4035,6,22,3214,29,10,3910,28,2435,2,10,3110,18,39,311,29,30,363,39,18,3110,13,28,3814,15,18,403,36,37,1029,35,3,52,14,30,4035,28,31,4028,27,3,1827,16,18,3821,36,39,311,6,1335,18,24,528,27,12,3128,27,18,3835,27,2,31+15,18,35,106,3,10,2410,29,39,3516,34,31,2825,10,24,3133,22,30,4010,1,34,2915,34,3332,28,2,242,35,34,2715,10,235,10,28,2435,18,10,1335,10,1828,35,10,23信息损失2410,24,3510,35,51,262630,2630,162,2226,3210101910,1919,10+24,26,28,3224,28,3510,28,2322,10,110,21,223227,2235,333513,23,15时间损失2510,20,37,3510,20,26,515,2,2930,24,14,526,4,5,1610,35,17,42,5,34,1035,16,32,1810,37,36,537,36,44,10,34,1735,3,22,529,3,28,1820,10,28,1828,20,10,1635,29,21,181,19,26,1735,35,19,18135,20,10,610,5,18,3235,18,10,3924,26,28,32+35,38,18,1610,30,424,34,28,3224,26,28,1835,18,3435,22,18,3935,28,34,44,28,10,3432,1,1035,286,2918,28,32,1024,28,35,30物质或事物的数量2635,6,18,3127,26,18,3539,14,35,1815,14,292,18,40,415,20,2935,29,34,2835,14,310,36,14,335,1415,2,17,4014,35,34,103,35,10,403,35,313,17,3934,29,16,183,35,31357,18,256,3,10,2424,28,3535,38,18,16+18,3,28,4013,2,2833,3035,33,29,313,35,40,3929,1,35,2735,29,25,102,32,10,2515,3,293,13,27,103,27,29,188,3513,29,3,27可靠性273,8,10,403,10,8,2815,9,14,415,29,28,1117,10,14,1632,35,40,43,10,14,242,35,2421,35,11,288,28,10,310,24,35,1935,1,16,1111,282,35,3,2534,27,6,403,35,1011,32,1321,11,27,1936,2321,11,26,3110,11,3510,35,29,3910,2810,30,421,28,40,3+32,3,11,2311,32,127,35,2,4035,2,40,2627,17,401,1113,35,8,2413,35,127,40,2811,13,271,35,29,38测试精度2832,35,26,2828,35,25,2628,26,5,1632,28,3,1626,28,32,326,28,3,332,13,628,13,32,2432,26,28,326,28,3232,35,1328,6,3228,6,3210,26,246,19,28,246,1,323,6,323,6,3226,32,2710,16,31,2824,34,28,322,6,325,11,1,23+28,24,22,263,33,39,106,35,25,181,13,17,341,32,13,1113,35,227,35,10,3426,24,32,2828,2,10,3410,34,28,32制造精度2928,32,13,1828,35,27,910,28,29,372,32,1028,33,29,322,29,18,3632,23,225,10,3510,28,3228,19,34,363,3532,30,4030,183,273,27,4019,263,3232,232,213,32,235,31,10,2432,26,28,1832,3011,32,1+26,28,10,364,17,34,261,32,355,2325,1026,2,1826,28,18,2310,18,32,39物体外部有害因素作用的敏感性3022,21,27,392,22,13,2417,1,39,41,1822,1,33,2827,2,39,3522,23,37,3534,39,19,2734,39,19,2713,35,39,1822,2,3722,1,3,3535,24,30,1818,35,37,122,15,33,2817,1,40,3322,33,35,21,19,32,131,24,6,2710,2,22,3719,22,31,221,22,35,233,22,19,4022,10,235,18,3435,33,29,3127,24,2,4028,33,23,2626,28,10,18+24,35,22,25,28,3935,10,235,11,22,3122,19,29,4022,19,29,4033,3,3422,3.5,13,24物体产生的有害因素3119,22,15,3935,22,1,3917,15,16,2217,2,18,3922,1,4017,2,4030,18,35,435,28,3,2335,28,1,402,33,27,1835,135,40,27,3915,35,22,215,22,33,3121,39,16,2222,35,2,2419,24,39,322,35,619,22,182,35,1821,35,2,2210,1,3410,21,291,223,24,39,124,2,40,393,33,264,17,34,26+19,1,312,21,27,1222,35,18,39可制造性3228,29,15,161,27,36,131,29,13,1715,17,2713,1.26.1216,4013,29,1,403535,13,8,135,1235,19,1,371,28,13,2711,13,11,3,10,3227,1,435,1627,26,1828,24,27,128,26,27,11,427,1,12,2419,3515,34,3332,24,18,1635,28,34,435,23,1,241,35,12,1824,2+2,5,13,1635,1,11,92,13,1527,26,16,28,11,18,28,135,1,10,28可操作性3325,2,13,156,13,1,251,17,13,121,17,13,1618,16,15,391,16,35,154,18,39,3118,13,3428,13,352,32,1215,34,29,2832,35,3032,40,3,2829,3,8,251,16,2526,27,1313,17,1,271,13,2435,34,2,102,19,1328,32,2,244,10,27,224,28,10,3412,3517,27,8,4025,13,2,341,32,35,232,25,28,392,5,12+12,26,1,3215,34,1,1632,26,12,171,34,12,315,1,28可维修性342,27,35,112,27,35,111,28,10,253,18,3115,13,3216,2525,2,35,11134,91,11,10131,13,2,42,3511,1,2,911,29,28,2714,1015,1,1315,1,28,1615,10,32,215,1,32,192,35,34,2732,1,10,252,28,10,2511,10,1,1610,2,1325,1035,10,2,161,35,11,101,12,26,15+7,1,4,1635,1,13,1134,35,7,131,32,10适应性及多用性351,6,15,819,15,29,1635,1,29,21,35,1635,30,29,715,1615,35,2935,10,1415,17,2035,1615,37,1,835,30,1435,3,32,613,1,352,1627,2,3,356,22,26,119,35,29,1319,1,2918,15,115,10,2,1335,283,35,1535,13,8,2435,5,1,1035,11,32,311,13,3115,34,1,161,16,7,4+15,29,37,28127,34,3535,28,6,37装置的复杂性3626,30,34,362,26,35,391,19,26,242614,1,13,166,3634,26,61,1634,10,2826,1619,1,3529,13,28,152,22,17,192,13,2810,4,28,152,17,1324,17,1327,2,29,2820,19,30,3410,35,13,235,10,28,296,2913,3,27,1013,35,12,26,10,3426,24,3222,19,29,4019,127,26,1,1327,9,26,241,1329,15,28,37+15,10,37,2815,1,2412,17,28监控与测试的困难程度3727,26,28,136,13,28,116,17,26,24262,13,18,172,39,30,1629,1,4,162,18,26,313,4,16,3530,28,40,1935,36,37,3227,163,1,3911,22,39,3027,3,15,2819,29,39,2525,34,6,353,27,35,162,24,2635,3819,35,1618,1,16,1035,3,15,191,18,10,2435,33,27,2218,28,32,93,27,29,1827,40,28,826,24,32,2822,19,29,282,215,28,11,292,512,261,1515,10,37,28+34,2135,18自动化程度3828,26,18,3528,26,35,1014,13,17,282317,14,1335,13,1628,102,3513,3515,32,1,1318,125,136,926,2,198,32,192,32,1328,2,2723,2835,10,18,535,3324,28,35,3035,1311,27,3228,26,10,3428,26,18,232,3321,26,131,12,34,31,35,1327,4,1,3515,24,1034,27,25+5,12,35,26生产率3935,26,24,3728,27,15,318,4,28,3830,7,14,2610,26,34,3110,35,17,72,6,34,1035,37,10,228,15,10,3610,37,1414,10,34,4035,3,22,3929,28,10,1835,10,2,1820,10,16,3835,21,28,1026,17,19,135,10,38,19135,20,1028,10,29,3528,10,35,2313,15,2335,381,35,10,381,10,34,2818,10,32,122,35,13,2435,22,18,3935,28,2,241,28,7,101,32,10,251,35,28,3712,17,28,2435,18,27,25,12,35,26+注：带“+”的方格，表示产生的矛盾是物理矛盾，不在技术矛盾应用范围之内。带“-”方格表示没有找到合适的发明原理来解决问题，当然只是表示研究的局限，并不代表不能够应用发明原理。一、39个工程参数（1）运动物体的重量是指在重力场中运动物体多受到的重力。如运动物体作用于其支撑或悬挂装置上的力。(运动物体是指自身或借助于外力可在一定的空间内运动的物体)（2）静止物体的重量是指在重力场中静止物体所受到的重力。如静止物体作用于其支撑或悬挂装置上的力。(静止物体是指自身或借助于外力都不能使其在空间内运动的物体)（3）运动物体的长度是指运动物体的任意线性尺寸,不一定是最长的,都认为是其长度。（4）静止物体的长度是指静止物体的任意线性尺寸,不一定是最长的,都认为是其长度。（5）运动物体的面积是指运动物体内部或外部所具有的表面或部分表面的面积。（6）静止物体的面积是指静止物体内部或外部所具有的表面或部分表面的面积。（7）运动物体的体积是指运动物体所占有的空间体积。（8）静止物体的体积是指静止物体所占有的空间体积。（9）速度是指物体的运动速度、过程或活动与时间之比。（10）力是指两个系统之间的相互作用。对于牛顿力学,力等于质量与加速度之积。在TRIZ中,力是试图改变物体状态的任何作用。（11）应力或压力是指单位面积上的力。（12）形状是指物体外部轮廓或系统的外貌。（13）结构的稳定性是指系统的完整性及系统组成部分之间的关系。磨损、化学分解及拆卸都降低稳定性。（14）强度是指物体抵抗外力作用使之变化的能力。（15）运动物体作用时间是指物体完成规定动作的时间、服务期。两次误动作之间的时间也是作用时间的一种度量。（16）静止物体作用时间是指物体完成规定动作的时间、服务期。两次误动作之间的时间也是作用时间的一种度量。（17）温度是指物体或系统所处的热状态,包括其他热参数,如影响改变温度变化速度的热容量。（18）光照度是指单位面积上的光通量,系统的光照特性,如亮度、光线质量。（19）运动物体的能量是指能量是物体做功的一种度量。在经典力学中,能量等于力与距离的乘积。能量也包括电能、热能及核能等。（20）静止物体的能量是指能量是物体做功的一种度量。在经典力学中,能量等于力与距离的乘积。能量也包括电能、热能及核能等。（21）功率是指单位时间内所做的功,即利用能量的速度。（22）能量损失是指为了减少能量损失,需要不同的技术来改善能量的利用。（23）物质损失是指部分或全部、永久或临时的材料、部件或子系统等物质的损失。（24）信息损失是指部分或全部、永久或临时的数据损失。（25）时间损失是指一项活动所延续的时间间隔。改进时间的损失指减少一项活动所花费的时间。（26）物质或事物的数量是指材料、部件及子系统等的数量,它们可以被部分或全部、临时或永久地改变。（27）可靠性是指系统在规定的方法及状态下完成规定功能的能力。（28）测试精度是指系统特征的实测值与实际值之间的误差。减少误差将提高测试精度。（29）制造精度是指系统或物体的实际性能与所需性能之间的误差。（30）物体外部有害因素作用的敏感性是指物体对受外部或环境中的有害因素作用的敏感程度。（31）物体产生的有害因素是指有害因素将降低物体或系统的效率,或完成功能的质量。这些有害因素是由物体或系统操作的一部分而产生的。（32）可制造性是指物体或系统制造过程中简单、方便的程度。（33）可操作性是指要完成的操作应需要较少的操作者、较少的 步骤 新产品开发流程的步骤课题研究的五个步骤成本核算步骤微型课题研究步骤数控铣床操作步骤 以及使用尽可能简单的工具。一个操作的产出要尽可能多。（34）可维修性是指对于系统可能出现失误所进行的维修要时间短、方便和简单。（35）适应性及多用性是指物体或系统响应外部变化的能力,或应用于不同条件下的能力。（36）装置的复杂性是指系统中元件数目及多样性,如果用户也是系统中的元素将增加系统的复杂性。掌握系统的难易程度是其复杂性的一种度量。（37）监控与测试的困难程度是指如果一个系统复杂、成本高、需要较长的时间建造及使用,或部件与部件之间关系复杂,都使得系统的监控与测试困难。测试精度高,增加了测试的成本也是测试困难的一种标志。（38）自动化程度是指自动化程度是指系统或物体在无人操作的情况下完成任务的能力。自动化程度的最低级别是完全人工操作。最高级别是机器能自动感知所需的操作、自动编程和对操作自动监控。中等级别的需要人工编程、人工观察正在进行的操作、改变正在进行的操作及重新编程。（39）生产率是指单位时间内所完成的功能或操作数。二、上述39个通用工程参数可分为如下3类：物理及几何参数：（1）～（12）,（17）～（18）,（21）条。技术负向参数：（15）～（16）,（19）～（20）,（22）～（26）,（30）～（31）条。技术正向参数：（13）～（14）,（27）～（29）,（32）～（39）条。负向参数（Negativeparameters）指这些参数变大时,使系统或子系统的性能变差。如子系统为完成特定的功能所消耗的能量（第19,20条）越大,则设计越不合理。正向参数（Positiveparameters）指这些参数变大时,使系统或子系统的性能变好。如子系统可制造性（第32条）指标越高,子系统制造成本就越低。三、应用阿奇舒勒矛盾矩阵的步骤应用阿奇舒勒矛盾矩阵解决工程矛盾时，建议遵循以下16个步骤来进行：1、确定技术系统的名称。2、确定技术系统的主要功能。3、对技术系统进行详细的分解。划分系统的级别，列出超系统、系统、子系统各级别的零部件，各种辅助功能。4、对技术系统，关键子系统，零部件之间的相互依赖关系和作用进行描述。5、定位问题所在的系统和子系统，对问题进行准确的描述。避免对整个产品或系统笼统的描述，以具体到零部件级为佳，建议使用“主语+谓语+宾语”的工程描述方式，定语修饰词尽可能少。6、确定技术系统应改善的特性。7、确定并筛选待设计系统被恶化的特性。因为，提升欲改善的特性的同时，必然会带来其他一个或多个特性的恶化，对应筛选并确定这些恶化的特性。因为恶化的参数属于尚未发生的，所有确定起来需要“大胆设想，小心求证”。8、将以上2步所确定的参数，对应表1所列的39个通用工程参数进行重新描述。工程参数的定义描述是一项难度颇大的工作，不仅需要对39个工程参数的充分理解，更需要丰富的专业技术知识。9、对工程参数的矛盾进行描述。欲改善的工程参数、与随之被恶化的工程参数之间存在的就是矛盾。如果所确定的矛盾的工程参数是同一参数，则属于物理矛盾。10、对矛盾进行反向描述。假如降低一个被恶化的参数的程度，欲改善的参数将被削弱，或另一个恶化的参数被改善。11、查找阿奇舒勒矛盾矩阵表，得到阿奇舒勒矛盾矩阵所推荐的发明原理序号。    12、按照序号查找发明原理汇总表，得到发明原理的名称。13、按照发明原理的名称，对应查找40个发明原理的详解。14、将所推荐的发明原理逐个应用到具体的问题上，探讨每个原理在具体问题上如何应用和实现。15、如果所查找到的发明原理都不适用于具体的问题，需要重新定义工程参数和矛盾，再次应用和查找矛盾矩阵。16、筛选出最理想的解决方案，进入产品的方案设计阶段。