Censorship_in_Israel

CensorshipinIsraelLawsoncensorshipinIsraelarebasedonBritishemergencyregulationsfrom1945thatapplytodomesticmedia,foreignnewspapersandwireservicetransmissionsfromorthroughIsrael.TheIsraeliFilmRatingsboardrates,limits,andbansfilmsdeemedobscene,racist,orcontainingincitementtoviolence.[1]Onlyahandfuloffilmsorplayshavebeenbannedoutright(playshavenotbeencensoredsince1989).CensorshipwithregardtosecurityandmilitaryissuesisintheresponsibilityoftheIsraeliMilitaryCensor.Regulationsdonotrequireallarticlestobesubmittedforcensorshippriortopublication,butonlythoseonaknownlistofsensitivesubjects,suchasnuclearweaponsinIsrael(forexample,articlesonthesubjectsofpoliticsoreconomicsmaybepublishedwithoutreviewbthecensor).Failingtodosomaycausethereportertobecutoff[2]or,inthecaseofforeignreporters,bebarredfromthecountry.[3]Thelistofsensitivesubjects,articlesonwhichhavetobesubmittedtocensorshippriortopublication,isdeterminedwithintheframeworkofacensorshipagreementbetweenIsraeliauthoritiesandthe'Editor'sCommittee',whichisabodyofrepresentativesfromtheIsraelimedia."Therewillbenocensorshiponpoliticalissues,onexpressionsofopinionorassessments,unlesstheyhintonclassifiedinformation."[4]ReportersWithoutBorders2007reportonIsraelstates:"Thecountry'sjournalistsenjoyafreedomnotfoundelsewhereintheregion,butthough2006wasoneofthesafestyearsforthemsincethestartofthesecondIntifadain2000,manyproblemsremain",mainlyreferringtothephysicalrisksenduredbyreporterscoveringtheconflictareasbetweenIsrael,thePalestiniansandtheHizbullahinLebanon.[5]TheIsraeliMilitaryCensorhasthepowertopreventpublicationofcertainnewsitems.Thecensorshipruleslargelyconcernmilitaryissuessuchasnotreportingifamissilehitormisseditstarget,troopmovements,etc.butitisalsoempoweredtocontrolinformationabouttheoilindustryandwatersupply.[6]Journalistswhobypassthemilitarycensororpublishitemsthatwerecensoredmaybesubjecttocriminalprosecutionandjailtime;thecensoralsohastheauthoritytoclosenewspapers.However,theseextrememeasureshavebeenrarelyused.[7]OnenotableinstancewhereanewspaperwasclosedtemporarilywasinthecaseoftheKav300affairwhereitwaseventuallydiscoveredthatthecensorwasusedbytheShinBettocoverupinternalwrongdoingsintheagencyandledtooneofthebiggestpublicscandalsinIsraelduringthe1980s.Followingtheincidentthetwomainpapers,HaAretzandYediotAhronotstoppedparticipatinginthe"Editor'scommittee".In1996anewagreementwasreachedandtheeditor'scommitteeresumedoperation.Thenewagreementallowedmilitarycensorshiponlyofarticlesclearlyharmfultonationalsecurityandallowedthesupremecourttooverridemilitarydecisions.Israelilawsoutlawshatespeechand"expressingsupportforillegalorterroristorganizations".[6]Section173ofthelegalcodemakesitacrimetopublishany"publicationthatisliabletocrudelyoffendthereligiousfaithorsentimentofothers."[8]EveryjournalistworkingwithinIsraelisrequiredtobeaccreditedbytheIsraeliGovernmentPressOffice.Mostapplicationsaresimplyaformality,thoughtheofficeisallowedtodenyapplicationsbasedonpoliticalorsecurityconsiderations.[6]OneverycommonlyusedwayforIsraelimediatocircumventcensorshiprulesistoleakitemstoforeignnewssources,whichbyvirtueofbeinglocatedoutsideofIsraelarenotsubjecttoIsraelicensorship.Oncepublished,theIsraelimediacansimplyquotethestory.[9][10]Inadditiontomediacensorship,Israelicinemasaresubjecttoregulationregardingtheexhibitionofpornographyandtelevisionstationsfacerestrictionsonearlybroadcastingofprogramsthatareunsuitableforchildren.Followingthe2017QatardiplomaticcrisisIsraeltookstepstobanQatar-basedAlJazeerabyclosingitsJerusalemoffice,revokingpresscards,andaskingcableandsatellitebroadcastersnottobroadcastal-Jazeera.Defenceminister,AvigdorLieberman,haddescribedsomeofal-Jazeerareportsas"NaziGermany-style"propaganda.ItwasnotclearifthemeasurescoveredAlJazeeraEnglish,consideredlessstrident.[11]In1960twosciencefictionstorieswerepublishedthatcircumventedcensorship.ThefirstwasaboutRudolfTeichmannandtoldthestoryofEichmann'skidnapping.UriAvnery'sHaOlamHaZehmagazinepublishedastoryabouttheLavonAffair.MordechaiVanunuwhoserved18yearsinprisonfortreasonandespionagewasreleasedin2004,butisstillunderrestrictionsonspeechandmovement.[6]ABBCreporterwasbarredfromthecountryafterpublishinganinterviewwithhimwithouthandingitovertothecensorsfirst.[3]IsraelhasbannedtheuseofthewordNakbainIsraeliArabschoolsandtextbooks.IsraeliPrimeMinisterBenjaminNetanyahujustifiedthebanbysayingthatthetermwas"propagandaagainstIsrael".[12]ThedeathofBenZygierin2010,anAustralian-IsraelicitizenwhowasallegedlyrecruitedbyMossad,wascensoreduntilAustraliannewsmediabrokethestoryinearly2013.Earlyin2016,theMilitaryCensorwrotetoatleast30IsraelibloggersandFacebookpageowners,demandingthatanypostingswithmilitaryorsecurity-relatedcontentbesubmittedforreviewbeforepublication.[13]Therequesthastheforceoflaw.[13]IsraelbannedallfilmsproducedinGermanyfrom1956until1967.[14]1957:TheGirlintheKremlinwasbannedbecauseitmayhaveharmedIsrael'sdiplomaticrelationswithMoscow.[15]1957:ChinaGatewasbannedinIsraelforindulginginexcessivecruelty.TheIsraelifilmcensorshipboardindicatedthefilmdepictedChineseandRussiansoldiersas"monsters".[16]1965:GoldfingerplayedforsixweeksbeforetheNazipastofGertFr枚be,whoplayedthetitlevillain,wasdisclosed,despitehimleavingthepartyin1937.[17]HoweverthebanwasliftedonceaJewishfamilypubliclythankedhimforhidingtwoGermanJewsfromtheGestapoduringWorldWarII.1973:Hitler:TheLastTenDayswasbannedinaunanimousdecisionbythecensorshipboardthatAlecGuinness'sHitlerwasrepresentedintoohumanalight.[18]1988:MartinScorsese'sTheLastTemptationofChristwasbannedonthegroundsthatitcouldhurtthefeelingsofChristianbelieversintheHolyLand.[19]TheSupremeCourtofIsraellateroverturnedthedecision.[20]2002:Jenin,JeninwasbannedbytheIsraeliFilmRatingsBoardonthepremisethatitwaslibelousandmightoffendthepublic.TheSupremeCourtofIsraellateroverturnedthedecision.[21]FreedomofspeechinIsraelMediaofIsraelNightletter1.IsraeliTheaterGetsACensor-FreeRun(https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DEFD6143DF933A2575BC0A96F948260)2.NewYorkTimes:CensorshipbyIsrael:HowIt'sCarriedOut(https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE3DD123BF93AA15755C0A964948260)3.TheGuardian:BBCsayssorrytoIsrael(https://www.theguardian.com/israel/Story/0,2763,1435973,00.html)4.TheCensorshipAgreement5.ReportersWithoutBorders-MiddleEastSection(http://www.rsf.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=43)Archived(https://web.archive.org/web/20080208093920/http://www.rsf.org/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=43)February8,2008,attheWaybackMachine.IncidentsBannedfilmsSeealsoReferencesRetrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Censorship_in_Israel&oldid=813482128"Thispagewaslasteditedon3December2017,at20:16.TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-ShareAlikeLicense;additionaltermsmayapply.Byusingthissite,youagreetotheTermsofUseandPrivacyPolicy.Wikipedia庐isaregisteredtrademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anon-profitorganization.6."Israelandtheoccupiedterritories-2006"(https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/78854.htm).CountryReportsonHumanRightsPractices.USDepartmentofStateBureauofDemocracy,HumanRights,andLabor.March6,2007.RetrievedNovember5,2014.7.Editor&Publisher:APRevealsIsraeliCensorship,SaysItWillAbideByRules(http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1002876486)Archived(https://web.archive.org/web/20070703035228/http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1002876486)July3,2007,attheWaybackMachine.8."MakefunofGod,butleavehisbelieversalone"(http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/make-fun-of-god-but-leave-his-believers-alone-1.98346),Haaretz,27August20039.AlufBenn(July鈥揂ugust2001)."Israel:Censoringthepast"(https://web.archive.org/web/20090619213158/http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/stafpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm).BulletinofAtomicScientists,CollegeofBehavioralandSocialSciences.UniversityofMaryland.Archivedfromtheoriginal(http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm)on19June2009.Retrieved31December2009.10.P.R.Kumaraswamy(September1998)."IndiaandIsrael:EvolvingStrategicPartnership"(http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/publications/40pub.html).MideastSecurityandPolicyStudies.Begin-SadatCenterforStrategicStudies.Retrieved31December2009.11.Chulov,Martin(6August2017)."Israeligovernmentmovestoimposebanonal-Jazeeranewsnetwork"(https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/06/israeli-government-impose-ban-al-jazeera-news-network).TheGuardian.Retrieved7August2017.12."Israelbans"catastrophe"termfromArabschools"(https://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSLM2389).Reuters.2009-07-22.13.GiliCohen(February4,2016)."Israel'sMilitaryCensorTakesonDozensofBloggers,FacebookPages"(http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.701462).Haaretz.14.IsraelliftstotalbanonGermanfilms.(https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UyIvAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zN4FAAAAIBAJ&pg=971,1381626&dq=israel+bans+film&hl=en)CanadianJewishChronicleReview.14April1967.15.IsraelBansUSFilm.(https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=n_kjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XiUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7184,3395403&dq=israel+bans+film&hl=en)TheMilwaukeeJournal.17August1957.16.IsraelBansFilmDepictingRedsas'Monsters'.(https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=C140AAAAIBAJ&sjid=c-AFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2750,287607&dq=israel+bans+film&hl=en)TheModestoBee.2October1957.17.IsraelBans'Goldfinger'forNaziPast.(https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wcoNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_nMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7211,2830203&dq=israel+bans+film&hl=en)St.PetersburgTimes.15December1965.18.IsraelBansHitlerFilm.(https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=w4ktAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WJoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4571,2864443&dq=israel+bans+film&hl=en)ReadingEagle.25July1973.19.IsraelBans'LastTemptation'(https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VHEfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YGYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1756,2456153&dq=israel+bans+film&hl=en)TheLewistonJournal.19October1988.20."IsraelLifts'LastTemptation'Ban"(http://articles.latimes.com/1989-06-15/news/mn-2691_1_israeli-film-censorship-board-lifts-ban).LosAngelesTimes.June15,1989.RetrievedSeptember12,2012.21.IsraelcourtliftsJeninfilmban(http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3262325.stm),BBCNews,11November2003.