2017-2018学年高中英语 Unit 2 Sporting events Section Ⅴ Project教学案 牛津译林版必修4

Section Ⅴ Project [原文呈现][读文清障]　 How does a sport enter the Olympics? Entering a sport into the Olympics① can be a long process. There are many requirements that must be met② before a sport can be considered by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). First, a sport must have its own international association. Next, it must be practised by men in at least 75 countries on at least four continents③， or practised by women in at least 40 countries and on three continents. That's not all. In order for a new sport to④ be added, another sport must be dropped⑤. This helps the IOC keep the Olympics' budget⑥ under control⑦. Which ones are out? Some sports that were part of the Olympics in the past have been removed⑧. These include familiar sports, such as baseball, as well as more unusual⑨ sports, such as powerboating⑩. These sports were judged to have become less popular, and had to make way for⑪ new sports which are more popular⑫. ①动名词短语entering a sport into the Olympics作主语。 ②定语从句that must be met修饰requirements。 ③continent/'kɒntInənt/n.洲，大陆 ④in order to为了……，目的是…… ⑤drop此处指“剔除，把……除名”。如：His name was dropped from the list. ⑥budget/'bʌdʒIt/n.预算vi.&vt.编制预算 ⑦keep ... under control 使……得到了控制，控制 ⑧remove/rI'muːv/vt.去除，移开；开除；免除，解除(职务) ⑨unusual/ʌn'juːʒʊəl/adj.特别的，不寻常的；与众不同的 ⑩power/'paʊə(r)/n.力量；能量；影响力；权力；统治 vt.驱动，提供动力 power boatingn．(运动项目)汽艇，摩托艇 ⑪make way for 给……让路，让位于 ⑫which are more popular是which引导的定语从句，修饰new sports。 运动项目怎样才能进入奥运会？ 奥运会补充一个运动项目是一个漫长的过程。一个运动项目在纳入国际奥委会IOC的考虑范围之前需要满足很多方面的要求。首先，该运动项目必须有自己的国际联合会。其次，必须有至少4个大洲不少于75个国家的男子从事该项运动，或3个大洲不少于40个国家的女子从事该项运动。还不止这些。要增补一个新的运动项目，就必须淘汰一个当前的运动项目。这有助于国际奥委会对奥运会的预算进行控制。 哪些运动项目被淘汰了？,有些在过去是奥运会比赛 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 的运动项目已经被淘汰了。这些被淘汰的项目既包括棒球等一些大家所熟悉的项目，又有像汽艇等一些不那么常见的项目。这些运动项目被认为不及以前流行了，必须让位于新的、更为流行的运动项目。 Which ones are in? Some sports have been added, such as tae kwon do⑬， which was first included in the Olympics in 2000. The IOC is planning to change some of the sports in the next few years. In 2016, rugby⑭ and golf⑮， which were earlier played at the Olympics and then dropped⑯， will be included again, as they are now very popular and are played all around the world⑰. Which ones are still trying? Wushu is still applying to get into the Olympics. The IOC has still not approved⑱ the sport due to⑲ the concern about the balance of sports — there are already many other sports in the Olympics that are connected with fighting⑳， such as tae kwon do and boxing. However, the IOC is considering changing the number and type of Olympic sports in the future, so wushu fans may finally get what they are hoping for ⑬tae kwon do/ˌtaIˌkwɒn'dəʊ/n.跆拳道 ⑭rugby/'rʌɡbI/n.橄榄球运动 ⑮golf/ɡɒlf/n.高尔夫球运动 ⑯which were earlier played ... 是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰rugby and golf。 ⑰as they are now very popular ... 是as引导的原因状语从句。 ⑱approve v．批准，同意 ⑲due to 由于，因为 because of 由于，因为 ⑳定语从句that are connected with fighting修饰many other sports。that在从句中作主语。 哪些运动项目入选进来了？ 有些运动项目得以增补进入奥运会，比如跆拳道在2000年才首次被列为奥运项目。国际奥委会正计划在未来苦干年内调整部分比赛项目。橄榄球和高尔夫曾经是奥运项目，后来被取消，但是2016年这两项运动将重返奥运，因为它们现在非常受欢迎，在世界各地都有人从事这两项运动。 哪些运动项目仍在争取？ 中国武术仍在申请进入奥运会。由于担心比赛项目的平衡问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ，国际奥委会还没有批准该项目——奥运会上已经有许多像跆拳道、拳击等与打斗有关的项目了。然而，国际奥委会正在考虑在将来改变奥运会运动项目的数量和类别，因此，武术迷们最终也许会如愿以偿。 Winning isn't everything It was near the end of the football match, and neither team had scored. The captain of the Eagles① passed the ball to a teammate②， and then ran down near the Kangaroos'③goal④. His teammate passed the ball back to him, but the shot⑤ was too high. The Eagles' captain knocked the ball to the ground with his hand, and then kicked it and scored. The referee⑥ blew the whistle⑦； the match was over and the Eagles had won. Of course, the goal should not have counted⑧. However, now it was too late. Later, a reporter⑨ asked the Eagles' captain what had happened. ‘We won, and that is all that matters⑩，’ the captain said. The Kangaroos were out of the tournament, while⑪ the Eagles continued on. However, with the referees now keeping a close watch on the Eagles⑫， they struggled and lost their next match. Afterwards, they complained that the referees had been unfair⑬. ①eagle/'iːɡl/n.雕 　 ②teammate/'tiːmmeIt/n.队友 ③kangaroo/ˌkæŋɡə'ruː/n.袋鼠 ④goal/ɡəʊl/n.球门；射门，进球得分；目标 ⑤shot/ʃɒt/n.射门，击球；射击；药物注射 ⑥referee/ˌrefə'riː/n.裁判；推荐人 ⑦whistle/'wIsl/n.哨子，口哨；呼啸，鸣叫 vi.吹口哨，吹哨子；呼啸，鸣叫 ⑧should not have counted是“should not＋have＋过去分词”结构， 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示“本不应该……”。 ⑨reporter/rI'pɔːtə(r)/n.记者 ⑩定语从句that matters修饰all。由于先行词是all，所以引导词只能用that。 ⑪while而，表示对比。 ⑫with the referees now keeping ...是with复合结构，作状语。 ⑬unfair/'ʌn'feə(r)/adj. 不公正的，不公平的获胜不代表一切 [第1～4段译文] 足球比赛已接近尾声，双方都还没有得分。鹰队队长将球传给队友，然后跑向袋鼠队的球门。队友将球往回传，但传高了。鹰队队长用手将球挡到地上，然后射门，球进了。裁判的哨声响起，比赛结束，鹰队获得了胜利。当然，那个进球本该不算数的，然而，为时已晚。 赛后，一名记者就比赛的事采访鹰队队长。 队长回答道：“我们赢了，事情就是这样。” 袋鼠队被淘汰出了联赛，而鹰队则得以继续。但是，裁判们现在密切注意鹰队，鹰队全力比拼却还是输了接下来的一场比赛。赛后，他们抱怨裁判不公平。 The Eagles went home ⑭angry andbitter⑮ because they did not win the tournament. Meanwhile⑯， the Kangaroos went home and trained harder than before. In the next tournament, the Kangaroos defeated the Eagles by a score of 5 to 1. They went on to the final match against the Bears. The match was tied⑰with minutes to go⑱. The Kangaroos' captain was near the Bears' goal. A teammate passed the ball to him, and by accident⑲ it hit his hand. The Kangaroos' captain stopped the match and let the Bears have the ball. Within minutes, the Bears scored and won. Later, a reporter asked the Kangaroos' captain what had happened. ‘They won，’ the captain said. ‘They were the better team .’ The Kangaroos went home proud that they had done their best⑳. Many of the Kangaroos' players became friends with the players on the Bears' team for the rest of their lives. In defeat, the Kangaroos ⑭形容词短语angry and bitter作状语。 ⑮bitter/'bItə(r)/adj.愤愤不平的；令人不快的；味苦的；严寒的 ⑯meanwhile/'miːnwaIl/adv.与此同时；在此期间 ⑰tie/taI/vt.打成平局；(用绳、线)系，绑，捆 ⑱with minutes to go是with复合结构，动词不定式to go作宾语补足语。 ⑲by accident偶然，意外地 ⑳形容词短语proud that ...在此作状语，说明主语的状态。that they had done their best可视为形容词proud的宾语从句。 [第5～9段译文] 鹰队在联赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平；与此同时，袋鼠队回家了，他们比以往训练得更加刻苦。 下一届联赛上，袋鼠队以5∶1的比分战胜了鹰队，挺进决赛，与熊队对决。离比赛结束只剩几分钟的时候，还是平局。袋鼠队的队长在熊队的球门附近时，一个队友向他传球，无意中球碰在他的手上。袋鼠队队长停下比赛，让熊队发球。几分钟后，熊队射门得分，赢得了比赛。 赛后，一名记者就比赛的事采访袋鼠队队长。,队长说：“他们赢了，他们是更优秀的球队”。,袋鼠队尽力了，他们自豪地返回家乡。在以后的日子里，袋鼠队的很多队员和熊队的队员成了朋友。在失败中，袋鼠队找到了比胜利更宝贵的东西——友谊、荣誉和尊重。 Step 1　True (T) or False (F)． 1．Entering a sport into the Olympics can be a short process.(　　) 2．In order for a new sport to be added, many other sports must be dropped.(　　) 3．Baseball was once part of the Olympics in the past.(　　) 4．Tae kwon do was first included in the Olympics in the 20th century.(　　) 5．Wushu cannot get into the Olympics because there are already many other sports in the Olympics that are connected with fighting now.(　　) 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 ：1.F　2.F　3.T　4.T　5.F Step 2　Choose the best answers according to the text. 1．From this text we know that ________. A．few requirements must be met before a sport gets into the Olympics B．the International Olympic Committee has the privilege to cancel the Olympics C．entering a sport into the Olympics is not easy D．more men than women take part in the Olympics nowadays 2．All of the following must be done before a sport gets into the Olympics EXCEPT ________. A．a sport must have its own international association B．it must be practised by men in at least 75 countries on at least four continents C．it must be practised by women in at least 40 countries and on three continents D．it must be liked by all the people in the world 3．Power boating was removed from the Olympics because ________. A．no one liked it any more B．only women liked it C．some old men were strongly against it D．it had become less popular 4．From this text we can infer that ________. A．wushu will perhaps get into the Olympics one day B．those who like boxing surely love wushu C．most of the members in the International Olympic Committee don't like boxing D．only China wants to make wushu get into the Olympics 5．Which statement is WRONG according to the text “Winning isn't everything”？ A．The Eagles considered winning most important. B．The Kangaroos trained harder after they were defeated by the Eagles. C．The Kangaroos considered friendship, honour and respect more precious than victory. D．The Eagles were angry and bitter when they were defeated by the Kangaroos. 答案：1～5　CDDAD Step 3　Fill in each blank with only one word according to the text. (一) Outline Detailed information How does a sport 1.enter the Olympics？ ●Having its own international 2.association. ●Being practised by men in no 3.less than 75 countries on at least four continents, or practised by women in at least 40 countries and on three continents. ●4.Dropping/Removing another sport so that the Olympics' budget can be under control. Which ones are out？ The sports losing 5.popularity,_such as baseball and power boating. Which ones are in？ ●The sports becoming very popular and being played 6.across/throughout the world. ●In 2016, rugby and golf will 7.get into the Olympics. Which ones are still trying？ ●Wushu is still applying to enter the Olympics. ●So far wushu has not been 8.approved by the IOC due to the concern about the balance of sports. ●Wushu 9.fans/lovers may finally get what they are 10.expecting,_as the IOC is considering changing the number and type of Olympic sports in the future. (二) Winning isn't everything The Eagles ●When neither team scored near the end of the football match, the captain of the Eagles knocked the ball to the ground with his hand, and then kicked it and scored, so the Eagles 1.won. ●The goal shouldn't have counted, but the Eagles' captain kept it as a 2.secret. ●With the referees watching the Eagles 3.closely,_the Eagles struggled and were 4.defeated/beaten in their next match. ●Afterwards, the Eagles complained that the referees had not been 5.fair. The Kangaroos ●After the Kangaroos 6.lost the match, they went home and trained harder than before. ●The Kangaroos beat the Eagles by 5­1 in the next 7.tournament. ●When the final match against the Bears was 8.tied with minutes to go, a teammate passed the ball to the Kangaroos' captain, and the ball hit his hand by accident. ●The Kangaroos' captain 9.stopped the match and let the Bears have the ball. ●The Bears scored and beat the Kangaroos. ●The Kangaroos found more 10.precious things than victory — they found friendship, honour and respect. 一、这样记单词 记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 1.budgetn．　　　　　预算 vi.&vt. 编制预算 2.removevt. 移开；开除；去除；免除，解除(职务) 3.teammaten. 队友 4.goaln. 射门；球门；目标；进球得分 5.shotn. 击球，射门；药物注射；射击 6.refereen. 裁判；推荐人 7.whistlen. 哨子，口哨；鸣叫，呼啸 vi. 吹口哨；吹哨子；鸣叫，呼啸 8.bitteradj. 愤愤不平的；味苦的；严寒的； 令人不快的 9.meanwhileadv. 与此同时；在此期间 10.tievt. 打成平局；绑，(用绳、线)系，捆 11.preciousadj. 宝贵的，珍贵的 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1.unusualadj.特别的，不寻常的；与众不同的→usual adj.平常的，与以往一样的 2.powern．力量；能力；影响力；统治；权力vt.驱动，提供动力→powerful adj.强有力的 3.unfairadj.不公平的，不公正的→fair(反义词)adj.公平的 4.reportern．记者→report v．报导 1.teammate n．队友 [联想]　含­mate的名词 ①classmate同学　　　　　　②roommate室友 ③deskmate同桌 ④workmate同事 2.goal n．球门；目标；射门；进球得分 [词块]　①achieve/reach/gain one's goal 达到目标 ②score a goal 进一球 ③have a goal有目标 ④fight for a goal为目标而奋斗 [近义]　①aim n．目标 ②purpose n．目的 ③target n．目标 ④point n．得分 ⑤score n．得分 3.referee n．裁判；推荐人 [记法]　refer(参考)＋ee(表示动作者)→裁判 [联想]　­ee结尾表人的名词 ①interviewee被采访者 ②trainee接受训练者 ③addressee收件人 ④employee雇员 4.whistle n．哨子，口哨；鸣叫，呼啸vi.吹口哨，吹哨子；呼啸，鸣叫 [词块]　①give a whistle 吹口哨 ②blow a whistle 鸣笛 ③police whistle 警笛 ④steam whistle 汽笛 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 1.at least　　　　　　　　至少 2.keep ... under control 控制住，使……处于控制之下 3.make way for 给……让路，让位于…… 4.be connected with 与……有关 5.hope for 希望，期待 6.keep a close watch on 密切注意 7.by accident 偶然地 8.deliver a speech 发表演讲 1.meet many requirements 　　　　　满足许多要求 2.in the past 在过去 3.in the next few years 在接下来的几年中 4.change the number and type of ... 改变……的数量和种类 5.train harder than before 比以前训练更刻苦 6.with minutes to go 剩余的几分钟 7.defeat ... by a score of 5 to 1 以5比1击败…… 8.friendship, honour and respect 友谊、荣誉和尊重 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 1.There are many requirements that must be met beforea sport can be considered by the International Olympic Committee (IOC)． 一个运动项目在纳入国际奥委会(IOC)的考虑范围之前需要满足很多方面的要求。 before 意为“……然后才……”。 I think you should consider it a bit more before_ you_make_a_decision. 依我看，你应该多考虑一下再做决定。 2.However, with the referees now keeping a close watch on the Eagles, they struggled and lost their next match. 但是，裁判们现在密切注意鹰队，鹰队全力比拼却还是输了接下来的一场比赛。 “with＋名词＋doing”为with复合结构。 The day is bright, with a fresh breeze blowing. 天气晴朗，吹着一股清风。 3.The Eagles went home angry and bitter because they did not win the tournament. 鹰队在联赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平。 angry and bitter为形容词作状语。 Necessary,_young people can speak good English. 年轻人会说流利的英语是必要的。 1．(教材P38)This helps the IOC keep the Olympics' budget under control. 这有助于国际奥委会对奥运会的预算进行控制。 keep ... under control控制住，使……处于控制之下 bring/get ... under control＝keep ... under control使……处于控制之下　　 under control 被控制住，处于控制之下 in control of 控制……；管理…… beyond control 无法控制 take control of 控制 out of control 失去控制，无法控制 lose control of 失去对……的控制 ①It took the teacher months to keep the class under control. 这位老师花了数月时间才控制住这个班。 ②The children are completely out_of_control since their father left. 这些孩子自从他们的父亲离开后就无法无天了。 ③Students are encouraged to take_control_of their own learning, rather than just depending on the teachers. 学生们被鼓励要自我控制好自己的学习，而不是仅仅依赖于老师。 [名师点津]　control前有无冠词意思不同。in control of“管理，控制”； in the control of“被……控制”。 ④The police have been in_control_of the present situation. ＝ The present situation has been in_the_control_of the police. 警方已经控制了目前的局面。 2．(教材P38)Some sports that were part of the Olympics in the past have been removed. 有些在过去是奥运会比赛内容的运动项目已经被淘汰了。 remove vt.去除，移开；开除，免除，解除(职务) (1)remove ...to ...　　　 把……移到…… remove ... from ... 从……把……移开，从……把……除去 remove oneself 走开 be removed from 从……被去掉，从……被开除、免职 (2)removal n. 移动，迁移，免职 removable adj. 可移动的，可除去的 ①Students removed several desks to another classroom. 学生们把几张书桌搬到另外一间教室。 ②Please remove your bag from the seat so that I can sit down. 请把你的包从座位上拿走，以便于我可以坐下。 ③The player was_removed_from the team. 那名球员被开除了。 ④The factory announced itsremovalto another town. 这个工厂宣布迁移到另外一个镇。 3．(教材P38)These include familiar sports, such as baseball, as well as more unusual sports, such aspower boating. 这些被淘汰的项目既包括棒球等一些大家所熟悉的项目，又有像汽艇等一些不那么常见的项目。 power n．力量，能量；影响力，权力；统治vt.驱动，提供动力 (1)in power　　　　　　　　　 在执政，在掌权 in/within one's power 为某人力所能及，在某人能力范围之内 out of/beyond one's power 超出某人的能力范围 come into/to power 上台执政；掌权 (2)powerful adj. 强有力的 powerless adj 无权的，无力的 powerfully adv. 强壮地；猛烈地 ①The motor is powered by a solar battery. 这台发动机是由太阳能电池驱动的。 ②The enhancement of national strength has improved China's soft power. 国力的提升，增强了中国的软实力。 ③The new government will come_to_power next month. 新政府将在下月开始执政。 ④China is wealthier and more powerful than ever before. 中国比任何时候都富有、强大。 [辨析比较]　power, energy, strength, force power 指政权、权力，还可泛指做某事的能力，还可指物理学中的动力、功率 energy 指人的精力、活力和物理学中的能、能量、能源 strength 强调一个人所具有的力量、力气 force 指为克服阻力使事物运动而实际发出或施加的力量，即物理学中的力；也可指兵力、势力、武力、影响力、效力 选择上述单词填空 ⑤Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of energy. ⑥It's been ten years now since the Labour Party came to power in that country. ⑦I didn't know where I had lost my key, so I had to open the door by force. ⑧She doesn't have enough strength to walk upstairs. 4．(教材P38)These sports were judged to have become less popular, and had to make wayfor new sports which are more popular. 这些运动项目被认为不及以前流行了，必须让位于新的、更为流行的运动项目。 make way for给……让路，让位于…… give way to ... 让路；让步；被……代替 　 　 lose one's way 迷路 make one's way (to/towards sp.) 前往；到……地方去 feel one's way (黑暗中)摸索着走；谨慎行事 find one's way (to ... ) 设法到达 fight one's way 挤出一条路 ①Many houses are being knocked down to make way fora new park. 为建一个新公园，许多房子正在被拆除。 ②He managed to find_his__way_to the airport, but was late for the flight. 他设法找到了去机场的路，但没赶上飞机。 ③He tried to fight_his_way through the crowd to buy Christmas gifts. 他努力在人群中挤出一条路来买圣诞礼物。 5．(教材P39)Meanwhile, the Kangaroos went home and trained harder than before. 与此同时，袋鼠队回家了，他们比以往训练得更加刻苦。 meanwhile adv.与此同时；在此期间 meanwhile ＝ at the same time　　 　 同时 in the meanwhile ＝ in the meantime 同时，在此期间 ①Father was cutting the grass, and meanwhile mother was planting roses. 父亲在剪草，与此同时母亲在种玫瑰。 ②She's due to arrive on Thursday.Meanwhile,_what do we do? 她预定星期四到达，这期间我们做什么呢？ ③In_the_meanwhile I'll visit her. 在此期间，我将去拜访她。 6．(教材P39)The match was tied with minutes to go. 离比赛结束只剩几分钟的时间，还是平局。 tie vt.与……打成平手；(用绳、线)系，绑，捆 n．平手；领带；绳索；联系 tie ... to ...　　　　　　　　 把……拴/绑到……上 tie ...with 用……扎紧；包扎 tie down 束缚；牵制(某人) tie up 系牢；拴住 tie sb.down to sth./doing sth. 限制某人某事/做某事 ①The home team and the visiting team tied. 主队和客队打成平手。 ②He tied the magazines with the string. 他用绳子把杂志捆起来。 ③Tie_the_horse_to the tree for me, please. 请把马给我拴在那棵树上。 ④The game ended in a tie. 这场比赛以平局告终。 ⑤I don't want to tie_myself_down to coming back on a particular date. 我不能限定自己在哪一天回来。 单项填空 1．Your desk is crowded with too many unnecessary things. You have to ________ some of them. A．remain　　　　　　　　 B．reduce C．remove D．return 解析：选C　句意：你的书桌上堆满了太多不必要的东西，你必须得拿走一些。表示“去掉，拿开”用remove。remain意为“保留”，reduce意为“减少”，return意为“归还”，均不符合句意。 2．As computers are becoming more and more important nowadays, handwritten letters are gradually ________ e­mails.　 A．taking the way of B．pushing a way through C．showing way for D．making way for 解析：选D　句意：当今由于电脑正变得越来越重要，手写书信正逐渐让位给电子邮件。make way for“为……让位”。 3．The best way to get around London is self­driving. ________， if you don't worry about dealing with taxi drivers, the city's taxis provide an affordable alternative. A．However B．Therefore C．Instead D．Meanwhile 解析：选A　句意：在伦敦出行的最佳方式是自驾。然而，如果你不担心与出租车司机打交道，该市出租车为你提供一种负担得起的选择。however意为“然而”，符合题意。therefore意为“因此；所以”；instead意为“代替；反而”；meanwhile意为“同时”，故选A项。 4．—Can you complete the task tomorrow? —Sorry, it is ________， but I will try my best. A．beyond my power B.in my power C．in power D.out of my force 解析：选A　句意：“你明天能完成这项任务吗？”“对不起，这是我力所不能及的，但我会尽力的。”beyond one's power“超出某人的能力范围，某人力所不能及的”，符合句意。 5．Drunk driving, which was once a frequent occurrence, is now ________. A．under control B．under way C．under construction D．under repair 解析：选A　句意：曾经频繁发生的酒驾，现在得到了控制。under control意为“在控制下”；under way意为“在进行中”；under construction意为“在建造中”；under repair意为“在修理中”。根据语境可知A项正确。 6．Both China and the United States have benefited from their growing business ________ over the past four decades. A．traditions B．ties C．choices D．prejudice 解析：选B　句意：中国和美国都在过去的四十年中从不断增强的贸易联系中获益。tie表示“联系”，符合题意。 1．There are many requirements that must be met before a sport can be considered by the International Olympic Committee (IOC)． 一个运动项目在纳入国际奥委会(IOC)的考虑范围之前需要满足很多方面的要求。 这是一个复合句，that引导定语从句。其中的before引导时间状语从句。before为连词，它在句中的译法较灵活。 (1)……才…… ①He had walked for a whole daybefore he found water. 他走了一整天才找到水。 (2)趁……未，以免，以防 ②Write down the telephone number before you forget it.　 趁你还没忘记，把电话号码写下来。 (3)就；不久……就 常用于句型：It is/was/will be (not)＋一段时间＋before ... ③I had not waited long before he came back. 我没等多久他就回来了。 ④It_was_not_long_before he left for the US. 不久他就去美国了。 (4)在……之前 ⑤He had learned some Japanese before_he_went_to_Japan. 在去日本前，他学过一些日语。 (5)还没来得及……就…… ⑥Before I could think of a reply, she walked away. 我还没来得及想出如何回答，她就走开了。 2．However, with the referees now keeping a close watch on the Eagles, they struggled and lost their next match. 但是，裁判们现在密切注意鹰队，鹰队全力比拼却还是输了接下来的一场比赛。 本句中with the referees now ...为with复合结构，the referees 为宾语，后面的部分为宾补。 with复合结构可以作状语表示伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等，也可作定语。其构成有下列几种情况： ①He stared at his friendwith his mouth wide open. 他盯着他的朋友，嘴巴大张着。 ②She stood at the door, with_her_back_towards_us. 她站在门口，背对着我们。 ③With spring_coming,_trees turn green. 春天到了，树变绿了。 ④I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling. 我坐在房间里待了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。 ⑤With some books to_buy,_I went to the bookshop. 由于要买一些书，我去了书店。 3．The Eagles went home angry and bitter because they did not win the tournament. 鹰队在联赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平。 句中形容词短语angry and bitter作状语，说明主语the Eagles的心理状态。 形容词(短语)作状语： 结构：可以是单个形容词，也可以是形容词短语，一般要用逗号将其和句子的其他部分分开。,位置：通常位于句子主语前或句子主语后，有时位于句末。,作用：一般用于说明主语的状态，可表示原因、结果、伴随状况等。 ①Much interested, he agreed to give it a try. 由于很感兴趣，他同意试一试。 ②Afraid_of difficulties, they prefer to give it up. 由于害怕困难，他们宁愿放弃。 ③Excited_and_overjoyed,_the children rushed to the front. 孩子们激动又欣喜地跑到了前面。 ④Wet or fine, he always gets up at six and takes a walk in the park. 不管是下雨天还是晴天，他总是六点钟起床，并到公园里散散步。 完成句子 1．在你最喜欢的乐队现场表演之前只剩下一天了。 (2015·四川高考改编)There is only one more day to go before__your_favorite_music_group_play_live. 2．又惊又喜，托尼站起来接受了这个奖。 Surprised_and_happy,_Tony stood up and accepted the prize. 3．长途旅行后，我们五人回到家里，又饿又累。 After the long journey, the five of us went back home, hungry_and_tired. 4．在暴风雪期间，他和另一个人被困在一个小木屋里，没有任何东西可吃。 He and another man are hiding in a small hut during a snowstorm with_nothing_to_eat. 5．只穿着一件衬衫的那个孩子冻得直发抖。 The child with_only_a_shirt_on was trembling with cold. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The boy's unusual (异常的) behavior puzzled the doctor. 2．Does the referee (裁判员) have the power to send him off the field? 3．He whistled (吹口哨) to his friend to keep hidden. 4．Reference books must not be removed (拿走) from the library. 5．We've budgeted (为……预算) for a new car next year. 6．The doll is very precious (珍贵的) to me because it was my mother's. 7．No.6 gave a long shot, but missed the goal (球门)． 8．Losing the match was a bitter (令人不快的) disappointment for the team. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．约翰希望最终能上医学院。这期间他打算学化学。 John hopes to go to medical school eventually.In_the_meanwhile,_he is going to study chemistry. 2．妈妈让他弄掉鞋上的泥。 Mother told him to_remove_the_mud_from his shoes. 3．不久裁判吹响了上半场比赛结束的哨子。 The referee blew_the_whistle for half­time soon. 4．那个被绑在椅子上的男孩看起来很无助。 The boy tied_to_a_chair seemed hopeless. 5．由于感到年高体迈，史密斯先生不得不让位给他儿子经营这个工厂。 Feeling too old and tired to run the factory, Mr Smith had to make_way_for_his_son. 6．他期望李明在他退休之后掌管公司。 He expects Li Ming to keep_the_company_under_control_after he retires. 7．趁他还没有退休，他正在尽力培养李明。 He is trying his best to train Li Ming before_he_retires. 8．其他的工人认为他不想放弃权力。 The other workers think that he doesn't want to give_up_power. 一、打牢语言基础，基稳才能楼高 [单元语言点综合练习] Ⅰ.单项填空 1．The most important thing about cotton in history is ________ part that it played in ________ Industrial Revolution. A．/; /　　　　　　　　　 B．the; / C．the; the D．a; the 解析：选C　句意：历史上关于棉花最重要的事情是其在工业革命中所扮演的角色。part后接定语从句表示特指，Industrial Revolution为专用名词，其前要用定冠词。 2．There will be a party to be held in the restaurant ______ our new foreign English teacher, Patty. A．in place of B．in memory of C．in honour of D．in control of 解析：选C　句意：为了欢迎我们的新的英语外教Patty，将要在饭店举行一个宴会。in place of “代替”；in memory of “为纪念”；in honour of“为庆祝，为纪念”；in control of “控制”。 3．I will lend my e­dictionary to ________ wants to look up words and promises to take good care of it. A．whom B．whomever C．who D．whoever 解析：选D　句意：我会把我的电子词典借给想查单词并承诺爱护它的任何人(whoever)。whomever在从句中作宾语，不能作主语。 4．It is said that more than fifty people will have to compete ________ only ten openings offered by the software company. A．with B．against C．for D．at 解析：选C　句意：据说有五十多个人将不得不竞争那家软件公司提供的仅有的十个空缺职位。compete with/against“与……竞争/竞赛”；compete for“为……角逐”；compete at/in“参加比赛”。根据句意可知应选C项。 5．(辽宁高考)Jim went to answer the phone.________， Harry started to prepare lunch. A．However B．Nevertheless C．Besides D．Meanwhile 解析：选D　句意：吉姆去接电话。在这期间，哈里去准备午饭。however和nevertheless“然而”，表示转折；besides“而且，还有”，表示附加；meanwhile“同时，其间”。根据句意选D项。 6．Could it be in the restaurant ________ you had dinner with me yesterday ________ you lost your handbag? A．that; which B．which; that C．where; that D．that; where 解析：选C　句意：你会不会是把手提包丢在了昨天我们一起吃饭的饭店里？第一个空考查定语从句的用法：先行词the restaurant在定语从句中作地点状语，故选关系副词where；第二个空考查强调句型，被强调部分为in the restaurant，故选that。 7．We were all ________ to receive your letter and read it ________ delight. A．delighted; in B．delighting; in C．delighting; with D．delighted; with 解析：选D　句意：收到你的来信我们都很高兴，并且很高兴地阅读了你的信。be delighted to do sth.“很高兴做某事”；with delight“高兴地”。 8．I was so angry that I ________ on him. A．hung down B．hung up C．hung on D．hung back 解析：选B　句意：我太生气了，以至于我挂掉了他的电话。hang down“下垂，低下头”；hang on“紧紧握住，坚持下去，(打电话)不挂断”；hang back“犹豫，退缩”；hang up“挂，吊，拖延，终止，挂断电话”，故选B。 9．(全国卷)________ the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well. A．Not do only B．Do not only C．Only not do D．Not only do 解析：选D　句意：护士们不仅希望涨工资，还希望减少工时。not only ...连接并列分句置于句首时，其所在的句子要用倒装。 10．(2014·北京高考)________ I have a word with you? It won't take long. A．Can B．Must C．Shall D．Should 解析：选A　句意：我能和你说句话吗？不会花费太长时间的。can能够，用于第一人称的问句中(Can/Could I ...？)表示“请求或许可”；must“必须”；shall用于第一人称的问句中(Shall I/we ...？)，表示“提建议或要求他人作决定”；should“应该”。根据have a word with you可知此处是在请求对方允许。故选A项。 Ⅱ.完成句子 1．老师要求学生在练习本上每隔几行留出一个空白。 The teacher asked his students to leave a space in their exercise books every_few_lines. 2．所有的旗帜都降半旗，为了纪念一位已故的名人。 All the flags were flown at half mast, in_honour_of a famous dead person. 3．因为对他所看到的每样东西都好奇，他经常问母亲很多有趣的问题。 Curious_about_everything he sees, he often asks his mother many interesting questions. 4．我们应该为国家建设做出自己的贡献。 We should make_contributions_to the building of our country. 5．无论我怎样努力，我还是不能找到答案。 No_matter_how/However_hard_I_have_tried,_I can't find the answer. 6．这是毕业后我第一次收到杰克的来信。 This is the first time that I have_heard_from_Jack after graduation. 7．他想出了一些推广产品的好主意。 He came_up_with_some_good_ideas for the product promotion. 8．你不准把它借给别人。 You mustn't_lend_it to others. 9．你不必告诉他那件事，因为我已经告诉他了。 You needn't_tell_him about it as I have told him. 10．我们昨晚本应学习的，但我们去听音乐会了。 We should/ought_to_have_studied last night, but we went to the concert instead. 二、勤练语篇阅读，多练自能生巧 Ⅰ.完形填空 A boy was walking home from school when he saw a large, tempting (诱人的) apple on one of the branches of an apple tree hanging out over a tall fence. The boy wasn't much of a fruit­eater, __1__ a bar of chocolate if given the choice, but __2__ people always say, the forbidden fruit can be tempting. Seeing the apple, the boy wanted it. The more he looked at it, the __3__ he felt and the more he wanted that apple. He stood on tiptoe, __4__ as high as he could, but even as his tallest __5__ he was unable to touch it. He began to __6__ up and down, as high as he could, at the __7__ of each jump stretching his arms to get the apple. Still it remained out of __8__. Not giving up, he thought, if only he had something to __9__ on. His school bag wouldn't give enough height and he didn't want to __10__ the things inside, like his lunch box, pencil case, and Game Boy. Looking __11__， he hoped he might find an old box, a rock, or __12__ luck, even a ladder, but it was a tidy neighborhood and there was nothing he could use. He had tried everything he could think, __13__ seeing any other choices, he gave up and started to walk __14__. At first he felt angry and disappointed thinking about how hungry he had become from his __15__， and how he really wanted that apple. The more he __16__ like this, the more unhappy he became. __17__， the boy of our story was a pretty smart guy, even if he couldn't always get what he wanted. He soon started to say to himself, “This isn't __18__. I don't have the apple and I'm feeling miserable as well. There's __19__ more I can do to get the apple — that is unchangeable — but I am supposed to be able to __20__ my feelings. If that's the case, what can I do to feel better？” 1．A.offering B．preferring C．receiving D．allowing 解析：选B　那个男孩儿不怎么吃水果，如果可以选择的话，他宁愿要一块巧克力，故选B项。 2．A.as long as B．as if C．when D．as 解析：选D　但是正如人们经常说的那样，禁果可能是很诱人的。as 在此处引导非限定性定语从句，意为“正如”，故选D项。 3．A.angrier B．hungrier C．sadder D．simpler 解析：选B　他越看那个苹果，他就越感觉饿，他也就越想要那个苹果。此处与下文中的“how hungry he had become from his __15__， and how he really wanted that apple”呼应，故选B项。 4．A.expanding B．stretching C．swinging D．pulling 解析：选B　expand 意为“扩大”；stretch 意为“伸长(胳膊或腿)”；swing 意为“摇摆”；pull 意为“拉”。此处与下文中的“stretching his arms” 呼应，故选B项。 5．A.strength B．length C．range D．height 解析：选D　根据空格前的“tallest”和下文中的“as high as he could”可知，选D项。 6．A.run B．jump C．walk D．glance 解析：选B　此处与下文中的“each jump”呼应，男孩儿想摘到苹果，但是他身高不够。于是他就上下地跳着去摘苹果，故选B项。 7．A.tip B．stage C．level D．top 解析：选D　根据上文中的“as high as he could”可知，男孩儿在每次跳到最高处的时候伸长胳膊去摘苹果，故选D项。at the top of ... 意为“在……的顶端”。 8．A.hope B．control C．sight D．reach 解析：选D　根据上文中的“he was unable to touch it”和空格前的“Still” 可知，男孩儿跳起来还是没有摘到那个苹果。 out of reach “够不到”。 9．A.put B．stand C．get D．sit 解析：选B　男孩儿并没有放弃，他想要是有个东西让他站在上面就好了。故选B项。 10．A.break B．shake C．take D．strike 解析：选A　他的书包不能给他足够的高度，而且他也不想弄坏里面的东西。故选A项。 11．A.up B．around C．down D．forward 解析：选B　他环视四周，希望能够找到一个旧盒子、一个石块。幸运的话，甚至是一个梯子。根据下文中的“he hoped he might find an old box, a rock”可推知，男孩儿在四下里找这些东西，故选B项。 12．A.for B．on C．with D．of 解析：选C　参见上题解析。 13．A.after B．through C．without D．upon 解析：选C　他尝试了他所想到的一切，但是没有看到任何其他的选择，故选C项。 14．A.away B．back C．up D．down 解析：选A　根据空格前的“he gave up”可知，男孩儿最后离开了，故选A项。 15．A.wishes B．beliefs C．efforts D．goals 解析：选C　起初想到为得到那个苹果而付出的努力让自己感觉饥饿时，他感到既生气又失望。故选C项，effort“努力”。 16．A.imagined B．thought C．tried D．claimed 解析：选B　他越这样想，他就越不开心，故选B项。 17．A.Therefore B．However C．Moreover D．Otherwise 解析：选B　然而，我们故事里的男孩是一个相当聪明的男孩儿，即使他不总是能够得到他想要的东西。此处表转折，故选B项。 18．A.skillful B．cheerful C．helpful D．harmful 解析：选C　他很快就对自己说：“生气和失望也于事无补。我没有得到那个苹果，我也感到很难过。”故选C项， helpful“有帮助的，有用的”。 19．A.something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 解析：选D　为了得到那个苹果“我”没有更多可以做的了，这是不可改变的事实，但是“我”应该能够改变“我”的感觉，故选D项。 20．A.express B．change C．forget D．describe 解析：选B　根据空格前的“that is unchangeable”可知，有些东西不可改变，但是我们可以改变我们的感觉，故选B项。 Ⅱ.阅读理解 Motocross developed as a kind of motorcycle or all­terrain racing sport that took place on off­road tracks including muddy, hilly or rocky routes. It was in the early part of the twentieth century that the sport had its origin in Great Britain. The first known motocross event was held in 1924 in Camberly, Surrey and was called the Southern Scott Scramble. In 1952 the F．I.M. (国际摩托车联盟) created the European Championship in which motorcycles with 500cc engines were used. The first of the motocross racing events of the championship series was held in 1952 in the 500cc category and Belgian riders won the champions in that year as well as the years to follow. Auguste Mingels, Victor Leloup, René Baeten and Nic Jansen were some of the motocross riders that occupied the winning positions in those years. Great Britain's presence was also felt in the motocross championships during this period with Les Archer, John Draper, and Jeff Smith as some of the famous riders of the age. In 1957, the 250cc engine category was introduced to the F．I.M. Motocross World Championships. The first series in this category was won by German motocross rider Fritz Betzelbacher, followed in second position by fellow countryman Willi Oesterle. In 1961, the first three winning positions were all occupied by British motocross riders Dave Bickers, Arthur Lampkin and Jeff Smith, respectively (各自地)． It was in 1975 that the 125cc motorcycles entered the Motocross World Championship arena (竞技场). Belgium was once again the champion­winning country in the first few years. Over the years, motocross has become one of the most popular motorcycling events in the world. It has led to the development of variations that are full of the excitement and adventure the sport continues to produce among riders of all kinds. 语篇解读：欧洲摩托车越野赛始于1924年，目前已发展为包括500cc、250cc、125cc等不同组别的大型国际比赛。 1．It was ________ years later that the 125cc motorcycle entered the Motocross World Championship contests since the first motocross event was held. A．51 B．28 C．33 D．37 解析：选A　细节理解题。首届欧洲摩托车比赛于1924年举行，51年后即1975年125cc摩托车进入欧洲摩托车锦标赛，故选A。 2．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Belgian riders took most of the champions in the first few years of the 500cc category. B．German riders won the first three positions in the 250cc category in 1957. C．British riders took the first three prizes of the 250cc category in Motocross 1961. D．Belgian took most of the championships in the first few years of the 125cc category. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The first series in this category ... countryman Willi Oesterle.”可知，该项比赛的冠、亚军由德国的Fritz Betzelbacher与Willi Oesterle获得，即德国选手获得了前两名，而不是前三名，故B项的表述错误。 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．It is the difficult road conditions used in the motocross that attract many riders. B．It is the variations of motocross events that push many riders to participate. C．It is the excitement and adventure that keep up the popularity of motocross. D．It is the uncertainty of winners of championships that makes many riders interested. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章末段判断，摩托车锦标赛的刺激和冒险的特点赋予了该项比赛无穷魅力。 4．What can be the best title of the passage? A．Origin of Motocross B．Development of Motocross C．Champions of Motocross Events D．Attraction of Motocross 解析：选B　标题归纳题。综合全文可知，文章介绍了欧洲摩托车比赛从小规模发展到大规模、多系列赛事的进程，因此《摩托车越野赛的发展》可以全面概括文章的内容。故选B。