ISO_10289_盐雾判定标准

AReferencenumberISO10289:1999(E)INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO10289Firstedition1999-10-15Methodsforcorrosiontestingofmetallicandotherinorganiccoatingsonmetallicsubstrates—RatingoftestspecimensandmanufacturedarticlessubjectedtocorrosiontestsMéthodesd'essaidecorrosiondesrevêtementsmétalliquesetinorganiquessursubstratsmétalliques—CotationdeséprouvettesetdesarticlesmanufacturéssoumisauxessaisdecorrosionSISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009ISO10289:1999(E)©ISO1999Allrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopyingandmicrofilm,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.InternationalOrganizationforStandardizationCasepostale56•CH-1211Genève20•SwitzerlandInternetiso@iso.chPrintedinSwitzerlandiiContentsPage1Scope........................................................................................................................................................................12Termsanddefinitions.............................................................................................................................................13Principle....................................................................................................................................................................24Typesofdefect.........................................................................................................................................................25Methodofinspection...............................................................................................................................................36Assignmentofratings.............................................................................................................................................37Testreport................................................................................................................................................................5AnnexA(informative)Dotchartsandcolourphotographsforcoatingscathodictothebasemetal................7AnnexB(informative)Dotchartsforcoatingsanodictothebasemetal............................................................17Bibliography..............................................................................................................................................................22SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009©ISOISO10289:1999(E)iiiForewordISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,inliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization.InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part3.DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting.PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote.InternationalStandardISO10289waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC107,Metallicandotherinorganiccoatings,SubcommitteeSC7,Corrosiontests.ThisfirsteditioncancelsandreplacesISO1462:1973,ISO4540:1980andISO8403:1991.AnnexesAandBofthisInternationalStandardareforinformationonly.SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009ISO10289:1999(E)©ISOivIntroductionTheratingmethoddescribedinthisInternationalStandardrecognizesthatdecorativeandprotectivemetallicandinorganiccoatingsonmetallicsubstratescanbeeitheranodicorcathodictothesubstrate.Inratingthesecoatingsfortheeffectsofcorrosion,twoevaluationsshallbemade:¾theabilityofthecoatingtoprotectthesubstratefromcorrosionandthuspreventdegradationofthebasemetal;¾theabilityofthecoatingtoretainitsintegrityandthusmaintainasatisfactoryappearance.Althoughthesefunctionsoverlap,theycanbeevaluatedseparatelyintermsof:¾aprotectionrating(Rp)relatingtothecorrosionofthebasemetal;¾anappearancerating(RA)relatingtothedeteriorationofthecoating.Theprotectionrating(Rp)assignsanumberrepresentingtheabilityofthecoatingtoprotectthebasemetalfromcorrosion.Theappearancerating(RA)assignsasequenceoflettersandnumberstotheoverallappearanceofthespecimenwhichincludesalldeteriorationcausedbythecorrosiontestorenvironment.NOTE1Imperfectionsonapanelorarticlebeforeexposuretestingshouldbenotedandgivendueconsiderationwhenevaluatingtheresultsoftheexamination.Deliberateimperfectionsmayalsobeintroducedaspartofatestprogramme.Thecoatingsystemhastobeknownandreportedifthisratingsystemisapplied.Itisespeciallyimportanttoknow,ifpossible,whetherthecoatingisanodicorcathodictothebasemetal.NOTE2Determinationoftheanodicandcathodiccorrosivemechanismscanbeextremelydifficultinsomecases(chromatedzinconsteelormultiplecoatings).Forthepurposesofthisdocumentknowledgeofthesemechanismsisnotnecessary.SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009INTERNATIONALSTANDARD©ISOISO10289:1999(E)1Methodsforcorrosiontestingofmetallicandotherinorganiccoatingsonmetallicsubstrates—Ratingoftestspecimensandmanufacturedarticlessubjectedtocorrosiontests1ScopeThisInternationalStandardgivesamethodofevaluatingtheconditionofdecorativeandprotectivemetallicandinorganiccoatedpanelsorarticleswhichhavebeenexposedtocorrosiveenvironmentsfortestorforotherpurposes.Itisapplicabletotestpanelsorcomponentsexposedtonaturalatmospheres,inmobileorstaticconditions,orsubjectedtoacceleratedtests.NOTE1ExamplesofsuchtestsaregivenintheBibliography.ThisInternationalStandardrecognizesthattheprotectionratingcanbeassessedobjectivelyinaccordancewithclause6.However,theassessmentofappearancedependsonmanysubjectivefactors(see6.2).NOTE2Theedgesoftestpanelsorcomponentsmaybeprotected,e.g.bytapeorwax(paraffin),ifthisisanagreedpartofthetestandisrecordedinthetestreport.Thisisessentialifthespecimensarecutfromlargerpiecesandhaveexposeduncoatededges.2Termsanddefinitions2.1protectionratingRpratingnumber(seeTable1)assignedtotheabilityofthecoatingtoprotectthebasemetalfromcorrosion2.2protectiondefectdefectusedtoassesstheprotectionrating,includingcratercorrosion,pin-holecorrosion,corrosionstainduetocorrosionfromthesubstrate,blistersandotherdefectsthatinvolvebasemetalcorrosionNOTEBlistersonelectroplatedaluminiumandzincalloydiecastingsusuallysignifybasemetalcorrosion,buttheinspector’sjudgementmayberequiredtodecidewhetherablisterdoesordoesnotariseatthesubstrate–coatinginterface.2.3appearanceratingRAratingnumberandsymbols(seeTable2)assignedtodescribetheoverallappearanceofthespecimen,includingalldefectscausedbyexposure2.4appearancedefectdefectthatdetractsfromtheappearanceofthespecimen(seeTable2)SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009ISO10289:1999(E)©ISO22.5performanceratingcombinationoftheprotectionratingnumber(Rp)followedbyaslashmarkfollowedbytheappearanceratingnumber(RA),i.e.Rp/RA2.6coatingsystemparticularseriesofdepositsincludingthethicknessandtypeoflayersinmultilayerdepositsandtreatmentswhichhavebeenappliedtothebasemetal2.7significantsurfacepartofthesurfacewhichisessentialintheappearanceorserviceabilityofthearticleandwhichistobecoveredoriscoveredbythecoating(seeclause5)3PrincipleThisInternationalStandardestablishesaratingsystemforevaluatingthedeteriorationofthecoatingandthebasemetalduetocorrosion.TheratingmethoddescribedinthisInternationalStandardisappliedtoevaluatetheappearanceofthecoating,aswelltheextentofthecorrosionontestpanelsorthesignificantsurfacesofcomponentswhichhavebeensubjectedtoperformancetests.Theresultofinspectingasurface,calledtheperformancerating,isrecordedastwoseparateratings,theprotectionrating(Rp)andtheappearancerating(RA).Whenrecordingtheratingofasurface,thetype(s)andseverityofdefect(s)contributingtotheratingshallbenotedifthisinformationisrequired.Thisinformationisrecordedusingagreedsymbolsforthedefectsandtheextentofthesedefects.Whenonlytheprotectionrating(Rp)isrequired,itispermittedtoomittheappearancerating(RA).However,insuchacase,awrittendashshouldfollowtheprotectionratinginordertoindicatedeliberateomissionoftheappearancerating.4TypesofdefectItispossiblefordefectstoaffectboththeprotectionrating(Rp)andtheappearancerating(RA).Inthisratingsystem,theprotectionratingisasimplenumericalratingwhiletheappearanceratingispermittedtoincludespecificdefectsalongwithanumericalratingdesignatingtheintensity.AlistofdefectsisgiveninTable2.Additionsmayalsobemadetothelist,asappropriate,whenrecordingspecificdefects.Defectsincludecratercorrosion,pin-holecorrosion,generalcorrosionofthecoating,corrosionproducts,blisters,andanyotherdefectthatinvolvesthecoating.Somedefects,suchasblisters,canbeassociatedwiththecoating,thebasemetal,theinterfacebetweenthecoatingandthebasemetal,orbetweenlayersinthecoating.Otherdefectscanhaveasmallcorrosioncontentbutanappreciableaffectontheappearance,e.g.,staining,tarnishing,cracks,etc.Defectsonthesurfaceofthebasismetalsuchasscratches,porosity,non-conductinginclusions,rollanddiemarks,coldshutsandcrackscanadverselyaffecttheperformanceofcoatingsappliedthereto,despitetheobservanceofthebestfinishingpractices.Suchdefectsshallbereportedandratedseparately.Ensurethatthecoatingsystemisreported,becausethesignificanceofcertaindefectscanbedependentonwhetherthecoatingisanodicorcathodictothebasemetal.Notedefectsthatdeveloponexposure,e.g.peelingorspallingofthecoating,sincethisindicatespossibleimproperpreparationofthebasemetalorimproperapplicationofthecoating.SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009©ISOISO10289:1999(E)35MethodofinspectionUsedrawingsorsuitablymarkedsamplestoindicatethesignificantsurface.Itmaysometimesbenecessaryorappropriatetoexposematerialwhichisdefectiveincertainrespectsbeforecarryingoutenvironmentaltesting.Insuchcases,makeaninspectionandrecordthefindingsbeforethespecimensaretested.Ifdeliberatedamageisappliedtoasurface,recordthedamagebeforethespecimensaretestedandsoreported.Ifthespecimenispurposelydeformed,ratethedeformedareasseparately.Materialmaybeinspectedeitherontheexposureracksorinamoresuitablelocation.Ensurethatlightingduringinspectionisasuniformaspossible;avoiddirectreflectionfromsunorclouds,andusevariousanglesofinspectiontoensurethatalldefectsarerevealed.Attheconclusionofthetest,iftheconditionofthespecimensallows,inspectthemintheuncleanedcondition.Ifdirt,saltdeposits,etc.,maskthedefectsandcreatedifficultieswithinspection,thesurfacemaybespongedwithamildsoapsolutionandthenrinsedwithwater.However,exertnopressureduringsuchcleaninginordertoavoidaccidentallyupgradingtheratingby,forexample,cleaningoffthecorrosionproducts.Cleaningsolutionsshouldbecompatiblewiththecoatingsandnotcauseanydegradationofthecoating.Inthecaseofintermediate,periodicinspectionsdonotcleanorotherwisedisturbthespecimens.Allowsurfacestodrybeforetheyareinspected.Defectstobenotedandtakenintoaccountwhenratingsurfacesincludeonlythosewhichcanbeseenbynormalorcorrectedvision.NOTE1Opticalaidsmaybeusedsubsequentlytocharacterizedefects,afterinitialdetection.Edgedefects,occurringwithin5mmoftheedgeofaspecimenortape/wax,maybenotedinthereport,butshouldnotnormallyinfluencethenumericalrating.Similarly,disregardcontactandrackmarks,mountingholes,etc.NOTE2Edgedefectsmaybedifficulttoassessondeeplyworkedmanufacturedspecimens,suchasthreads,boresetc.Inthesecasesitmaybenecessarytoobtainagreementbetweenpurchaserandsupplierregardingtheexactdefectiveareatobereported.Whenthecoatingisanodictothebasemetal,whitecorrosionproductdevelopedfromtheedgesofthespecimenshallnotconstitutefailure.Rubbing,polishing,chemicalcleaning,etc.,ofthesurfaceofthespecimenmaybeusedtofacilitatestudyofthesurfacebutconfineittotheminimumpracticablearea,preferablynotmorethan100mm2onasurfaceof100mm3150mm.Notethisareaforsubsequentratings.6Assignmentofratings6.1Assignmentofprotectionrating(Rp)Thenumericalratingsystemisbasedontheareaofthesubstratethatexhibitscorrosion,bythefollowingformula:RAp=-32(log)(1)whereAisthepercentageofthetotalareawhichshowsbasemetalcorrosion.Rpisroundedofftothenearestwholenumber,leadingtothetabulationgiveninTable1.NOTE1Insomecases,calculatingtheexactareamaybedifficult,especiallyondeeplyworkedspecimenssuchasthread,bores,etc.Inthesecases,itmaybenecessaryfortheinspectortoestimatetheareaascloselyaspossible.Strictapplicationofequation(1)wouldleadtoratingsgreaterthan10forspecimenswithextremelysmalldefectiveareas.Therefore,equation(1)isonlydefinedforareaswhereA.0,046416%.Aratingof10,accordingly,isarbitrarilyassignedtoasurfaceshowingnocorrosionofthebasemetal.SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009ISO10289:1999(E)©ISO4Ifdesired,fractionalratingsmaybeassignedbetweentheratingslistedinTable1.NOTE2Whencoatingsystemsanodictothebasemetalareused,itmaybeimpossibletoassessalegitimateprotectionratingnumberduetotheextremevoluminouscorrosionproductsformedbythecoating.Becauseofthehighlyabsorbablenatureofthesecorrosionproducts,theywouldtendtoobliteratethetrueareaofsubstratecorrosion.Anexamplewouldbeazinccoatingonsteelexposedinasalineatmosphere.AlthoughthisInternationalStandardmaybeusedtoratetheperformanceofzinconsteel,itmaybedifficultinsomeenvironmentstodefinetheprotectionrating.Ifthedefectsareverylocalized,standardsintheformofdotchartsorphotographs,suchasthosegiveninannexesAandB,maybeused.Flexiblegraticuleshaving1mm,2mm,or5mmsquarescouldalsobeusedtoassessthecorrodedarea.Ifalargegroupofspecimensisbeinginspectedatonetime,itisrecommendedthattheybeassessedindividuallybyuseofequation(1).Whentheentiregrouphasbeenrated,theindividualratingsshouldthenbereviewedtoensurethateachoftheratingsassignedactuallyreflectstheextentofthedefectsrelatingtothoseoftheotherspecimens.Thereviewactsasacheckonindividualratingsandhelpstoensurethattheinspector’sjudgementorframeofreferencehasnotchangedduringthecourseoftheinspectionbecauseofsuchfactorsaschangesinlightingconditionsorfatigue.Inspectionisimprovedby:a)removingindividualitemsfromtheirracksandgroupingthenwithotherspecimensforcomparison;b)arrangingallofthespecimensinorderofmerit.Table1—Protection(Rp)andappearance(RA)ratingsAreaofdefectsRatingA(%)RporRANodefects100,A<0,190,1,A<0,2580,25,A<0,570,5,A<1,061,0,A<2,552,5,A<5,045,0,A<10310,A<25225,A<50150,A0ExamplesofassessingtheprotectionratingRpbythismethodare:a)slightrustingover1%ofthesurface5/–;b)novisibledefects10/–.6.2Assignmentofappearancerating(RA)Theappearanceratingisassessedintermsof:a)thetypeofdefect,asgiveninTable2;b)theareaaffectedbyaparticulardefectusingthescale10to0asdescribedinTable1;SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009©ISOISO10289:1999(E)5c)Thesubjectiveassessmentofthedegreeofdeterioration,e.g.:vs=veryslightamounts=slightamountm=moderateamountx=excessiveamount.Table2—ClassificationoftypesofcoatingdeteriorationAStainingand/orcolourchangeduetodeteriorationofthecoating(otherthanthatofobviousbasemetalcorrosionproducts)BDullingwithlittleornovisiblecorrosionofcoatingCCorrosionproductsfromanodiccoatingsDCorrosionproductsfromcathodiccoatingsESurfacepitting(corrosionpitsprobablynotextendingthroughtothebasemetal)FFlaking,peeling,spallingGBlisteringHCrackingICrazingJCrow’sfeetorstar-shapeddefectsExamplesofassessingappearanceratings(RA)bythismethodare:a)moderatestainingover20%ofthearea:–/2mA;b)slightcorrosionofcoating(anodic)over1%ofarea:–/5sC;c)slightdullingovercompleteareaduetoveryslight(small)surfacepits:–/0sB,vsE.NOTETheappearancerating(RA)mayincludemorethanonedefect,inwhichcaseeachoneshallbereportedseparately[seeexamplein6.3c)].6.3AssignmentoftheperformanceratingAsstatedin2.5,theperformanceratingisthecombinationoftheprotectionrating(Rp)followedbyaslashmark,followedbytheappearancerating(RA).Examplesofreportingtheperformanceratingare:a)Specimensshowingbasemetalcorrosionover0,1%ofthetotalareaandtheremainingsurfaceofthespecimenshowingmoderatestainingover20%ofthearea:9/2mA.b)Specimensshowingnobasemetalcorrosionbutshowingslightcorrosionoftheanodiccoatinglessthan1,0%ofthearea:10/6sC.c)Specimensshowing0,3%areaofbasemetalcorrosion(Rp=7),alsoshowingcorrosionproductsfromananodiccoatingcovering0,15%oftotalarea,andveryslightblisteringofthetopelectroplatedlayerover0,75%ofthetotalarea(butnotextendingtothebasemetal):7/8vsC,6mG.7TestreportUnlessotherwisespecified,thetestreportshallcontainthefollowinginformation.a)thetestconditions,e.g.thoseofanInternationalStandard;b)theexposureperiod,knownorestimated;SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009ISO10289:1999(E)©ISO6c)thedescriptionofthecoatingsystemandbasemetalortheproducttested;d)areportofanydifficultyinappraisingRp;e)thedimensionsandshapeofthespecimenorarticletested;f)themethodofpreparationofthesurfaceevaluated,includinganycleaningtreatmentapplied,anyprotectiongiventoedgesorotherspecialareasandanydeliberatedamagepriortotest;g)thenumberofspecimensorarticlessubjectedtothetest,representingeachcoatingorproduct;h)themethod,ifany,usedtocleanthetestspecimenorarticleafterthetestbutbeforeevaluation;i)theresultsofevaluationofprotectiverating(Rp)asexpressedin6.1andofappearancerating(RA)asexpressedin6.2foreachtestspecimenorarticle(performancerating,2.5).SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009©ISOISO10289:1999(E)7AnnexA(informative)Dotchartsandcolourphotographsforcoatingscathodictothebasemetal1)A.1GeneralThesechartsandphotographsrepresentthemaximumamountofcorrosionofthebasemetalpermissibleforagivenrating;thereisachartorphotographforeachratingfrom1to9.Aspecimenworsethanthechartorphotographforrating1isassignedaratingof0unlessafractionalratingisassignedbetween1and0.A.2UsingdotchartsWhenusingthedotchartsorphotographs,itisrecommendedthattheappropriatechartsorphotographsbeplacedalongsidethesurfacetobeexamined,anddefectsthenmatchedasnearlyaspossiblewithoneoftheratings.Ifthesurfacetobeexaminedissomewhatbetterthanrating(X),butnotasgoodasrating(X11),itisrated(X);ifthesurfaceissomewhatworsethanrating(X)butnotasbadasrating(X21),itisrated(X21).Thetypeofcorrosiondefectsencounteredmaydifferaccordingtothetypeofatmosphericexposureandtothetypeofcoatingundertest.Hence,insomecases,theuseofdotchartsispreferablebut,forotherapplications,colourphotographswouldbemoresuitable.However,undercertaincircumstances,itmaybebeneficialtoassesstheaffectedareabydirectmeasurement.Ingeneral,thedotchartsareappropriatewhenassessingtheextentofcorrosioninindustrialatmospheres;photographsarepreferablewhenassessingtheextentofcorrosioninmarineatmospheres.Thesixsquaresrepresentingeachofthe10ratingsorcorrodedareaspictoriallydescribesthenumberofcorrosionspotsdependentupontheirrespectivesizes.1)ThedotchartsandphotographsweresuppliedbytheAmericansocietyforTestingandMaterials(ASTM),100BarrHarborDrive,WestConshohocken,Pennysylvania19428-2951.SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009ISO10289:1999(E)©ISO8SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009©ISOISO10289:1999(E)9SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009ISO10289:1999(E)©ISO10SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009©ISOISO10289:1999(E)11SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009ISO10289:1999(E)©ISO12SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009©ISOISO10289:1999(E)13SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009ISO10289:1999(E)©ISO14SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009©ISOISO10289:1999(E)15SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009ISO10289:1999(E)©ISO16SISMultiUserLicence:ABBTECHNOLOGYLTD..12/16/2009©ISOISO10289:1999(E)17AnnexB(informative)DotchartsforcoatingsanodictothebasemetalB.1GeneralThesechartsrepresentthemaximumamountofcorrosionofthecoatingandbasemetalpermissibleforagivenrating;thereisachartforeachratingfrom1to9.Aspecimenworsethanthechartorphotographforrating1isassignedaratingof0unlessafractionalratingisassignedbetween1and0.B.2UsingdotchartsW