2019历年考研英语一完形填空真题

Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,1thisislargelybecause,2animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare3toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,4themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact5,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,6wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof7humansmellsevenwhentheseare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion. Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,9othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate10smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend11tothebrain.However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell12cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen13toitoftenenough. Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit14tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay16explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmellswesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot17oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe18newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse's.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors19forunfamiliarandemergencysignals20thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire. 1.[A]although[B]as[C]but[D]while 2.[A]above[B]unlike[C]excluding[D]besides 3.[A]limited[B]committed[C]dedicated[D]confined 4.[A]catching[B]ignoring[C]missing[D]tracking 5.[A]anyway[B]though[C]instead[D]therefore 6.[A]evenif[B]ifonly[C]onlyif[D]asif 7.[A]distinguishing[B]discovering[C]determining[D]detecting 8.[A]diluted[B]dissolved[C]determining[D]diffused 9.[A]when[B]since[C]for[D]whereas 10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical 11.[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[D]impulses 12.[A]atfirst[B]atall[C]atlarge[D]attimes 13.[A]subjected[B]left[C]drawn[D]exposed 14.[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient[D]insufficient 15.[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[D]create 16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless 17.[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware[D]tired 18.[A]tolerate[B]repel[C]neglect[D]notice 19.[A]available[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable 20.[A]similarto[B]suchas[C]alongwith[D]asidefrom ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica'spopulation.1homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentcan'tpossibly2.Tohelphomelesspeople3independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,4theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing. 5everyoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates6anywherefrom600,000to3million.7thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis8,oneofthefederalgovernment'sstudies9thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade. Findingwaysto10thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.11whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda12thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday13thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,14notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday 15skillsneededtoturntheirlives16.BostonGlobereporterChrisReedynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare17programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.18EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,19it."Therehastobe20ofprograms.Whatweneedisapackagedeal." 1.[A]Indeed[B]Likewise[C]Therefore[D]Furthermore 2.[A]stand[B]cope[C]approve[D]retain 3.[A]in[B]for[C]with[D]toward 4.[A]raise[B]add[C]take[D]keep 5.[A]Generally[B]Almost[C]Hardly[D]Not 6.[A]cover[B]change[C]range[D]differ 7.[A]Nowthat[B]Although[C]Provided[D]Exceptthat 8.[A]inflating[B]expanding[C]increasing[D]extending 9.[A]predicts[B]displays[C]proves[D]discovers 10.[A]assist[B]track[C]sustain[D]dismiss 11.[A]Hence[B]But[C]Even[D]Only 12.[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[D]house 13.[A]searching[B]strolling[C]crowding[D]wandering 14.[A]when[B]once[C]while[D]whereas 15.[A]life[B]existence[C]survival[D]maintenance 16.[A]around[B]over[C]on[D]up 17.[A]complex[B]comprehensive[C]complementary[D]compensating 18.[A]So[B]Since[C]As[D]Thus 19.[A]puts[B]interprets[C]assumes[D]makes 20.[A]supervision[B]manipulation[C]regulation[D]coordination By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20million1ofthesenationslooked2tothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence3theidealsofrepresentativegovernment,careers4totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the5toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.6therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya7setoflaws. Ontheissueof8ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,9,therewaslessagreement10theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11bytheSpanishcrown.12mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe14ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying15fortheconservativeforces. Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad16inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain's17colonies.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch 18becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies19.Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20self-ruleanddemocracy. 1.[A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[D]individuals 2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[D]hopefully 3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected 4.[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted 5.[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return 6.[A]Presumable[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously[D]Generally 7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical 8.[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform 9.[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover 10.[A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by 11.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded 12.[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While 13.[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against 14.[A]spread[B]interference[C]exclusion[D]influence 15.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish 16.[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promised 17.[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]original 18.[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher 19.[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred 20.[A]puzzledby[B]hostileto[C]pessimisticabout[D]unpreparedfor Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayitanyway.Heisthat2bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently3anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested. 5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin8areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection. ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,912-15pointsabovethe10valueof100,andhavecontributed11totheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe12oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,13heyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,14avepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen15socialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof16ucation.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)17geneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately18isargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19emtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20ateofaffairs. 1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]pleased 2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare 3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against 4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately 5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence 6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk 7.[A]advises[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects 8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question 9.[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[D]calculating 10.[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total 11.[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably 12.[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers 13.[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve 14.[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile 15.[A]givenup[B]gotover[C]carriedon[D]putdown 16.[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administering[D]valuing 17.[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[D]instrument 18.[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven[D]combined 19.[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed 20.[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[D]continuous Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.1thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer'spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright. Intelligence,it5,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning-a7process-insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey'veapparentlylearnediswhento8. Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?That'sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe'veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI'veevermet. Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmallscalestudyinoperantconditioning.Webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?20theresultsareinconclusive. 1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine 2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened 3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer 4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority 5.[A]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforward 6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along 7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual 8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think 9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different 10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward 11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs 12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across 13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply 14.[A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual[D]forinstance 15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest 16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach 17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with 18.[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall[C]However[D]Otherwise 19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile 20.[A]Byaccident[B]Intime[C]Sofar[D]Betterstill In1924America'sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrialexperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlightingworkers'productivity.Instead,thestudiesendedgivingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect",theextremelyinfluentialideathattheverytobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior. TheideaarosebecauseofthebehaviorofthewomenintheHawthorneplant.Accordingtooftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnotwhatwasdoneintheexperiment;somethingwaschanged,productivityrose.A(n)thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobetoalterworkers'behavioritself. Afterseveraldecades,thesamedataweretoeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestorethedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematicwasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting. Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehavelettointerpretationofwhathapped.,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,outputrosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workerstobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,beforeaplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown. 1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored 2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off 3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof 4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous 5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments 6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work 7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas 8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion 9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant 10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by 11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed 12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]peculiarto 13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source 14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading 15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual 16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly 17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued 20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But---__1___someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.Laughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes. 　　__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown. 　　Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow. 　　Althoughsadnessalso____14___tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles___18___moreexuberantlytofunnycartoonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround.___20__,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.. 1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like 2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce 3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining 4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe 5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable 6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief 7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected 8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes 9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance 10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal 11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor 12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at 13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because 14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses 15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond 16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold 17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent 18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted 19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing 20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshavebecomeanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot_1_itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw_2_justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial. JusticeAntoninScalia,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe_4_asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot_5_byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_6_tothecodeofconductthat_7_totherestofthefederaljudiciary. Thisandothersimilarcases_8_thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_9_betweenthecourtandpolitics. TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_14_. Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial_15_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_16_isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asunjust. Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmakerulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_20_,convincingaslaw. 1.[A]emphasize[B]maintain[C]modify[D]recognize 2.[A]when[B]lest[C]before[D]unless 3.[A]restored[B]weakened[C]established[D]eliminated 4.[A]challenged[B]compromised[C]suspected[D]accepted 5.[A]advanced[B]caught[C]bound[D]founded 6.[A]resistant[B]subject[C]immune[D]prone 7.[A]resorts[B]sticks[C]loads[D]applies 8.[A]evade[B]raise[C]deny[D]settle 9.[A]line[B]barrier[C]similarity[D]conflict 10.[A]by[B]as[C]though[D]towards 11.[A]so[B]since[C]provided[D]though 12.[A]serve[B]satisfy[C]upset[D]replace 13.[A]confirm[B]express[C]cultivate[D]offer 14.[A]guarded[B]followed[C]studied[D]tied 15.[A]concepts[B]theories[C]divisions[D]conceptions 16.[A]excludes[B]questions[C]shapes[D]controls 17.[A]dismissed[B]released[C]ranked[D]distorted 18.[A]suppress[B]exploit[C]address[D]ignore 19.[A]accessible[B]amiable[C]agreeable[D]accountable 20.[A]byallmesns[B]atallcosts[C]inaword[D]asaresult Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat__1__theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby__2___factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig__3___wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.__4___,hetheorisedthatajudge__5___ofapperaringtoosoft__6__crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison__7___hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday. 　　To__8__thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the__9___ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers__10___randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDr.Simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas__11___. 　　Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews__12___by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad__13___applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale__14___numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere__15___usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGranduateManagentAdimssionTest,orGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis__16___outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher. 　　Dr.Simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone__17___that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould__18___byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto__19___theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen__20___.. 1.[A]grants[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers 2.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external 3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]external 4.[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall 5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless 6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for 7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless 8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]success 9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success 10.[A]chosen[B]studied[C]found[D]identified 11.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise 12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured 13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged 14.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took 15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather 16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced 17.[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below 18.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate 19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard 20.[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpful Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10Points) 　　Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan’tremember1weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance’sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain2,werefertotheseoccurrencesas“seniormoments.”3seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(an)4impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal5. 　　Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere’sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It6outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive8.Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.11,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate12mentaleffort. 　　Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep13anddevelopedthefirst“braintrainingprogram”designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14. 　　TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it18modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto19onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping—muchlikea(n)20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why 2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses 3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While 4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure 5.[A]wellbeing[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook 6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures 7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations 8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion 9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process 10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature 11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However 12.[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]insteadof 13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around 14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]flexibility 15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows 16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace 17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on 18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually 19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take 20.[A]risky[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiar 　　Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis1astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademySciences,has2. 　　Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31,932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5. 　　While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthe8ourkin.” 　　Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmallweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow,10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore11it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13“functionalKinship”ofbeingfriendswith14! 　　Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenestobeevolution15thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor. 　　Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople’s18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,caretakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation. 　　1、[A]what[B]why[C]how[D]when 　　2、[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised 　　3、[A]for[B]with[C]by[D]on 　　4、[A]separated[B]sought[C]compared[D]connected 　　5、[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]examples 　　6、[A]Insignificant[B]unexpected[C]unreliable[D]incredible 　　7、[A]visit[B]miss[C]know[D]seek 　　8、[A]surpass[B]influence[C]favor[D]resemble 　　9、[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus 　　10、[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D]Perhaps 　　11、[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like 　　12、[A]limit[B]observe[C]confuse[D]drive 　　13、[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]alongwith 　　14、[A]chances[B]responses[C]benefits[D]missions 　　15、[A]faster[B]slower[C]later[D]earlier 　　16、[A]forecast[B]remember[C]express[D]disruptive 　　17、[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D]disruptive 　　18、[A]tendency[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]endeavor 　　19、[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic 　　20、[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tell