Unit 5 Expanded Sentence Base 1ppt课件

Unit5ExpandedSentenceBase(1)IntroductionAfterlearninghowtochoosewordsandhowtoproducecorrectsimplesentences,itishightimewebegantoconsiderhowtoexpandoursentences.Thisunitfocusesonhowtowritelongersentencesbyexpandingthenounsinthesentences.How?attributesrelativeclauseUnit5*AttributesDefinition:Wordsorphrasesusedtonarrowdownordecribenounsarecalledattributes.Functions: e.g.1.thecat 2.thecatinthetree 3.thefatandlazycat Classroomactivities:P58narrowdown/makeitspecificaddmoredetaileddescriptionsWhatcanbeusedasattributes?1.DeterminersDeterminersrefertowordsthatareusedtodefinethereferentialmeaningofanounoranominalphrase.限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、类指以及表示确定数量和非确定数量等限定作用的词类。包括：Articles:a,an,thePossessiveprons物主代词：my,your,one'sGenitivenouns名词属格：John'sDemonstrativeprons指示代词：this,those,suchIndefiniteprons不定代词：some,any,each,either,all,both...Cardinal&ordinalnumeral基数词和序数词Quantifier量词：alotof,agreatdealofWhatcanbeusedasattributes?2.Adjetives:(before&after)3.Nouns:thefeatureofthenoun(before)4.-ingforms:thefunction,feature,state(before&after)5.-edforms:(before&after)Note:Sometimes,ifthereisonlyanadverbmodifyingthe-edform,wemayalsoputitbeforethenoun.Forexample:well-tailoredsuits6.Infinitives:refertoafutureaction(after)7.Prepositionalphrases:place&purpose(after)Exercises(p61)RelativeclausePage64:ClassroomactivitiesWhyuserelativeclauses?1.Toexpandsentences:tomakethenouneithermoreexactormorevivid;toputmoreinformation.Page64:Exercise(3versions)2.Todirectreaders’attentiontoideasinthemainclause.Page64:ClassroomactivitiesGrammar：incompletesentences Acompletesentenceshouldhaveatleastasubjectandapredicate.Anincompletesentenceisasentencewithsomepart/partsmissing.Sentencefragment（4types) Phrasefragment Fragmentwithoutasubject Fragmentwithoutanauxiliaryverb SubordinateclausefragmentWordorderofdeterminers 3groupsofdeterminersaccordingtotheirrelativepositions predeterminers centraldeterminers Postdeterminers 限冠形龄色国材 predeterminers:all,both,half/double,twice…times centraldeterminers:a,an,the(article); this,that,these,those(demonstrativepronouns) my,your,his,her…;(possessivepronouns） some,any,no（indefiniteprons.不定代词）;every,each,either,neither postdeterminers: one,two,three;first,second,third many,much,few,afew,little,alittle,fewer,less,more;fewest,least,most; alotof,lotsof,anumberof,anamountof,agreatdealof,suchHowtoplacemanymodifiers 1)IadmireJenny’shair.(glossy,black,long) IadmireJenny’slongblackglossyhairsomuch. 2)一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮茄克 abeautifulnewblackItalianleatherjacket。 3)Canadian，extraordinary，an，new,play anextraordinarynewCanadianplay 4)(gold，British，the，round）coin theroundBritishgoldcoin 5)（ugly，writing，the，steel，seven）desks thesevenuglysteelwritingdesks 6)（purple，Russian，nice，long，her）coat hernicelongpurpleRussiancoat 限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老； 颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠； (大小形状和新老，颜色国际出（处）材料) 限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词. “描绘”性形容词如：beautiful、bad、cold. 材料”的词如：wooden,woolen,stone,silk等 “作用类别”的词如：medical,college，writingdesk，policecar等。Absolutes(1)Hurtinthegame,Iwillnotbeabletogotoyourpartytonight.(2)Mybestfriendhurtinthegame,Iwillnotbeabletogotoyourpartytonight.b.(1)Mygrandmawassittinginherrocker,singinghappilyinthespringfragrance.(2)Mygrandmawassittinginherrocker,herradiosinginghappilyinthespringfragrance.Theseparticipleshavealogicalsubjectdifferentfromthatofthesentence.Whatisabsoluteconstructionorabsolute?InEnglish,participlephrasesusedwiththeirownlogicalsubjectsarecalledabsolutes. a.Themanstoodinthestreetcorner,hishandsputinhispockets. b.Themanstoodinthestreetcorner,handsputinhispockets. c.Themanstoodinthestreetcorner,handsinhispockets.Fromthisexample,wemaygetaconclusion,thatis,anabsoluteconstructionmayappearinthreeforms: 1)n.+v-ing+otherpartsoftheparticiplephrase 2)n.+v-ed+otherpartsoftheparticiplephrase 3)n.+otherpartsoftheparticiplephrase Nightenshroudingtheearth,nobodycouldmakeoutwhatthedarkmasswasfromadistance． 黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。 Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.  3.n+to-infinitive名词(代词)+不定式 Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.  Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabor,eachtotranslateaquarterofthebook. 4.n.+adj.名词(代词)+形容词 TheTrojansasleep,theGreeksoldierscreptoutofthehollowwoodenhorse． Computersverysmall,wecanusethemwidely.5.n+adv.名词(代词)+副词 Themeetingover,ourheadmastersoonleftthemeetingroom. Thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.6.n.+n.名词(代词)+名词 Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,manyofthemchildren. Hisfirstshotfailure，hefiredagain．7.n.+prepositionalphrase名词(代词)+介词短语 Everyafternoonaveryoldwomanhobbledpasttheoldhouse，avastloadoffirewoodonherback．Writing—précisWhatisaprécis?Aprécisisaconcisesummaryofthemainpointsinapieceofwriting,sowhenwewriteprécis,weshouldwritedownallofthemainideaanddeleteanyunnecessaryinformation,suchasdescriptions,examples,etc.Somecommontechniquestoreducedetailsinpréciswriting:(1)omitthedetailsYoumayleaveoutmostofthedescriptivedetailsifthatdoesnotimpairthegeneralidea.(2)reducetheexamplesIftheoriginalpassageprovidesfourorfiveexamplesforacertainidea,youmaymentiononeortwo,oryoumaymentiontheexamplesbutleaveoutthedetails.(3)replacespecificwordswithgenericreferenceIfseveralspecificexamplesbelongtothesamecategory,youcanusuallyreplacethemwithonegenericword.Forexample:Forthedinner,sheboughttwobottlesofmilk,fourpacksoforangejuice,andthreebottlesofwine.Sheboughtlotsofdrinksforthedinner.(4)simplifydescriptionYoudefinitelydon’tneeddetaileddescriptioninyourprécis.Inmanycase,youmayusegeneralwordstotelltheimpression.Forexample,iftherearemanysentencesdescribinghowbeautifulagardenis,youcanjustsayThegardenisverybeautiful.(5)avoidrepetitionThewriteroftheoriginalpassagemaypurposelyrepeatanidea,butinwritingaprécis,youmaynotdothesame.(6)simplifywordysentencesRemoveunnecessarywordsintheoriginalpassage.Forexample,forasentencelikeHisactioninthefightmaywellbecalledlion-likewithoutexaggeration,youmaysimplywriteHeisverybrave.(7)shortentransitionsUseshorttransitionalwords,suchasbesides,but,however,etc.insteadoflongphraseslikeontheotherhand,atthesametime.(8)paraphrasedirectquotationsIftherearedirectquotationsintheoriginalpassage,trytoexpresstheminyourownwords,andinasfewwordsaspossible.UnitSummary Inthisunit,wehavelearnedhowtoexpandnounsinsentences.Onemethodtoexpandanounistouseattributes.Attributesmaybeplacedeitherbeforeorafteranoun. Inthegrammarpartofthisunit,wehavediscussedtheorderofdeterminersandadjectives,andhowtoavoidwritingincompletesentences. Thewritingpartofthisunitfocusesonhowtowriteragoodprécis,especiallyintermsofreducingdetails.Assignments(1)Reviewthislectureandpreviewthenextunit(2)Keepwritingthediary(3)WriteaprécisforpassageonP73