英译汉真题答案

英译汉HenryBradshawWhenonespeaksofBradshaw's"work"itishardtomaketheunitiatedquiteunderstandeitheritsextent,itsimportance,oritsperfection.Heknewmoreaboutprintedbooksthananymanliving-hecouldtellataglancethedateandcountry,generallythetown,atwhichabookwaspublished.Andtheenormousrangeofthissubjectcannotbeexplainedwithoutatechnicalknowledgeofthesame.HewasoneoftheforemostofChaucerscholars,averyefficientlinguistinrange(thoughforreading,notspeakingpurposes),as,forinstance,inthecaseoftheoldBretonlanguage,whichheevolvedfromnotesandglosses,scribbledbetweenthelinesandonmarginsofMassbooks-andhisjoyatthediscoveryofawordthathehadsuspectedbutneverencounteredwasdelightfultosee.Hecouldacquirealanguageforpracticalpurposeswithgreatrapidity-as,forinstance,Armenian，whichhebeganonaThursdaymorningatVenice,andcouldread,soastodeciphertitlesforcataloguing,onSaturdaynight.Hehadcloseandunrivalledknowledgeofcathedralstatutesandconstitutions.Hewasanadvancedstudentintheoriginsofliturgies-especiallyIris-and,indeed,inthewholeofIrishliteratureandprintinghewassupreme-and,finally,hewasbycommonconsentthebestpalaeographist,orcriticofthedateofMSS.,intheworld.（刚百度下的PDF手打有错误请包容哈大家也可以去百度一下这是刘士聪译的一篇文章）汉译英信是传递心声的鸿雁，信是连接友情的桥梁。接读朋友的来信，尤其是远自海外犹带着异国风云的航空信，确是人生一大快事，如果无须回信的话。回信，是读信之乐的一大代价。久不回信，屡不回信，接信之乐必然就相对减少，以致于无，这时，友情便暂告中断了，直到有一天在赎罪的心情下，你毅然回起信来。蹉跎了这么久，接信之乐早变成欠信之苦，我便是这么一位屡犯的罪人，交游千百，几乎每一位朋友都数得出我的前科来的。英国诗人奥登曾说，他常常搁下重要的信件不回，躲在家里看他的侦探小说。王尔德有一次对韩黎说：“我认得不少人，满怀光明的远景来到伦敦，但是几个月后就整个崩溃了，因为他们有回信的习惯。”显然王尔德认为，要过好日子，就得戒除回信的恶习。可见怕回信的人，原不止我一个。（这是余光中的《尺素寸心》指定教材汉英翻译教程里的段子）老与少老年为少年之过来人，少年为老年之候补者，老与少，只不过时间上之差别而已。然中国习惯，对老少之间，往往划有无形界限。在客观上，有时重老而轻少，有时重少而轻老。在主观上，老者自恃其老，少年自矜其少。几千年来，遂形成老者自以为持重练达，而菲薄少年为少不更事；而少年自以为新锐精进，而輘轹老者为老朽昏庸。此真所谓偏颇两失之见也！曩梁任公在其《少年中国》一文中，对老年人与少年人曾有一适当对比。其言曰：“老年人如夕照，少年人如朝阳；老年人如瘠牛，少年人如乳虎；老年人如僧，少年人如侠；老年人如字典，少年人如戏文；老年人如鸦片烟，少年人如白兰地酒；老年人如别行星之陨石，少年人如大海洋之珊瑚岛；老年人如埃及沙漠之金字塔，少年人如西伯利亚之铁路；老年人如秋后之柳，少年人如春间之草；老年人如死海之潴为泽，少年人如长江之初发源……”观此，则知老年与少年，各有所长，各有其用，如能祛除成见，同为国家效力，则裨益民族，定非浅鲜。OldAgeandYoungTheagedaretheantecedentsoftheyoung,andtheyoungarethecandidatesoftheaged.Thedifferencebetweenageandyouthisonlyamatteroftime.But,accordingtotheChinesecustom,thereisalwaysaninvisiblelineofdemarcationbetweenthem.Objectivelyspeaking,sometimestheagedareheldinesteemandtheyoungaremadelightof;sometimesitisjusttheotherwayround.Subjectivelyspeaking,theagedareself-conceitedbecauseoftheirgoodoldage,whiletheyoungthinknosmallbeeroftheirownyouth.Forthousandsofyearsithasbeenassumedthattheaged,thinkingthemselvesexperiencedandmoreskillful,lookdownupontheyoungfortheirgreennessinworldlyaffairs,whiletheyoung,thinkingthemselvesfreshinlifeandmoreenergetic,calltheagedoldfogies.Eitheroftheseviews,ofcourse,isfarfrombeingimpartial.LiangQi-chaoinanarticleentitled“YoungChina”madeapropercontrastbetweentheagedandtheyoung.Hesaid:“Theoldmanislikethesettingsun;theyoungman,themorningsun.Theoldmanislikealeanox;theyoungman,acubtiger.Theoldmanislikeamonk;theyoungman,aknight.Theoldmanislikeadictionary;theyoungman,thetextofaplay.Theoldmanislikeopium;theyoungman,brandy.Theoldmanislikeashootingstar;theyoungman,acoralisland.TheoldmanislikethepyramidofEgypt;theyoungman,theSiberianrailroad.Theoldmanislikethewillowafterautumn;theyoungman,thegrassinspring.Theoldmanislikethedeadseathatturnsintoalake;theyoungman,thesourceoftheYangtzeRiver.Fromthis,weknowthattheagedandtheyoungbothhavetheirownmeritsanduses.Iftheywillcastawaytheirprejudicesandworktogetherforthecountry,theirservicestothepeopleshallbeimmense.08华师英译汉Thisdefinitionexcludesmanyindividualsusuallyreferredtoasintellectuals--theaveragescientist,forone.(8)Ihaveexcludedhimbecause,whilehisaccomplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionofmoralproblems,hehasnotbeenchargedwiththetaskofapproachinganybutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems.(9)Likeotherhumanbeings,heencountersmoralissuesevenintheeverydayperformanceofhisroutineduties--heisnotsupposedtocookhisexperiments,manufactureevidence,ordoctorhisreports.(10)Buthisprimarytaskisnottothinkaboutthemoralcodewhichgovernshisactivity,anymorethanabusinessmanisexpectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofrulesofconductinbusiness.(7)Duringmostofhiswakinglifehewilltakehiscodeforgranted,asthebusinessmantakeshisethics.(11)Thedefinitionalsoexcludesthemajorityofteachers,despitethefactthatteachinghastraditionallybeenthemethodwherebymanyintellectualsearntheirliving.(12)Theymayteachverywellandmorethanearntheirsalaries,butmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment.(13)Thisdescriptionevenfitsthemajorityofeminentscholars.Beinglearnedinsomebranchofhumanknowledgeisonething,livingin"publicandillustriousthoughts,”asEmersonwouldsay,issomethingelse.这个定义将许多经常被称作知识分子的个人排除在外，比如说普通科学家。如同商人看待自己的道德 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 一样，科学家在生命中大部分时间里，也会将自己的道德规范视为理所当然的事。(7)Thisdefinitionexcludesmanyindividualsusuallyreferredtoasintellectuals--theaveragescientist,forone.Duringmostofhiswakinglifehewilltakehiscodeforgranted,asthebusinessmantakeshisethics.[翻译]这个定义将许多经常被称作知识分子的个人排除在外，比如说普通科学家。如同商人看待自己的道德规范一样，科学家在生命中大部分时间里，也会将自己的道德规范视为理所当然的事。(8)Ihaveexcludedhimbecause,whilehisaccomplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionofmoralproblems,hehasnotbeenchargedwiththetaskofapproachinganybutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems.[翻译]我把普通科学家排除在外，是因为尽管他的成就可能促成道德问题的解决，但是他只承担了触及这些问题事实方面的任务。(9)Likeotherhumanbeings,heencountersmoralissuesevenintheeverydayperformanceofhisroutineduties--heisnotsupposedtocookhisexperiments,manufactureevidence,ordoctorhisreports.像其他人一样，他每天遭遇道德问题甚至于处理平时日常工作-他不应该随意处理他的实验，编造证据，或篡改他的报告。(10)Buthisprimarytaskisnottothinkaboutthemoralcodewhichgovernshisactivity,anymorethanabusinessmanisexpectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofrulesofconductinbusiness.参考译文：但是，普通科学家的主要任务并非思考指导其行为的道德规范，正如我们并不指望商人把精力投入到商业行为的探索一样。(11)Thedefinitionalsoexcludesthemajorityofteachers,despitethefactthatteachinghastraditionallybeenthemethodwherebymanyintellectualsearntheirliving.这个定义也不包括大多数的教师，尽管事实上是教书从传统上来说一直是许多知识分子的谋生手段。(12)Theymayteachverywellandmorethanearntheirsalaries,butmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment.他们可以教书教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣工资，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。(13)Thisdescriptionevenfitsthemajorityofeminentscholars.”Beinglearnedinsomebranchofhumanknowledgeisonething,livinginpublicandillustriousthoughts,”asEmersonwouldsay,”issomethingelse.“这种描述适用于大多数出色的学者。正如爱默生所说的，“精通某个人类学科是一回事，在生活中具有公共的、卓越的思想是另外一回事。”英译汉：Tourists中的一部分综英第7册Torcello,whichusedtobelonelyasacloud,hasrecentlybecomeanoutingfromVenice.Manymorevisitorsthanitcancomfortablyholdpourintoit,offtheregularsteamers,offcharteredmotor-boats,andoffyachts;alldaytheyambleupthetowpath,lookingforwhat?Thecathedralisdecoratedwithearlymosaics-scenesfromhell,muchrestored,andagreatsad,austereMadonna;Byzantineartisanacquiredtasteandprobablynotoneintenofthevisitorshasacquiredit.Theywanderintothechurchandlookroundaimlessly.Theycomeoutontothevillagegreenandphotographeachotherinastonearmchair,saidtobethethroneofAttila.Theyrelentlesslytearatthewildroseswhichonehasseeninbudandlongedtoseeinbloomandwhichforadayhavescentedthewholeisland.Assoonastheyarepickedtherosesfadeandarethrownintothecanal.TheAmericansvisittheinntoeatordrinksomething.TheEnglishdeclarethattheycan’taffordtodothis.TheytakefoodwhichtheyhavebroughtwiththemintothevineyardandIamsorrytosayleavethedevilofamessbehindthem.EveryThursdayGermanscomeupthetowpath,marchingastowar,withaLeader.Thereisastandingorderforfiftyluncheonsattheinn;whiletheyeattheLeaderlecturesthemthroughamegaphone.Afterluncheontheymarchintothecathedralandundergoanotherlecture.They,atleast,knowwhattheyareseeing.Thentheymarchbacktotheirboat.Theyaretidy;theyleavenolitter.—NancyMitford,TheWaterBeetle托车罗往日寂寞如孤云，近来却成了威尼斯外围的游览点。来客多了，这个小地方就拥挤不堪。搭班船的，坐包船的，驾游艇的，一批批涌到，从早到晚，通过那条纤路，漫步进村观光。想看什么呢？大教堂内装饰，有早期镶嵌画；表现地狱诸景的多经修复，此外还有容色黯然凛然的圣母巨像。拜占庭艺术是要有特殊修养才能欣赏的，而有特殊修养的游客十中无一。这些人逛到教堂，东张西望，茫茫然不止看什么好。踏上村中草地，看到一张石椅，听说是匈奴王阿提拉的宝座，就要照相：一个个登上大位，你给我照，我给你照。这些人惯于棘手摧花，见了野玫瑰决不放过。可怜含苞欲放的野玫瑰，岛上飘香才一昼，爱花者正盼其盛开，却给这些人摘下来，转瞬凋萎，给扔进运河。美国人光顾小酒店，吃吃喝喝。英国人声称花不起，自带食物进葡萄园野餐；真对不起，我不能不说他们把人家的地方搞得乱七八糟。德国人呢，每逢星期四就象出征一样，由队长率领，列队循纤路走来，到小酒店吃其照例预订的五十份午餐，边吃边听队长用喇叭给他们上大课。午餐后列队到大教堂，在里头还得恭听一课。他们至少知道看的什么。完了列队回船。他们倒是整洁得很，从来不留半点垃圾。--翁显良译文（转引自连淑能，2006）汉译英：故都的秋不逢北国之秋，已将近十余年了。在南方每年到了秋天，总要想起陶然亭的芦花，钓鱼台的柳影，西山的虫唱，玉泉的夜月，潭柘寺的钟声。在北平即使不出门去吧，就是在皇城人海之中，租人家一椽破屋来住着，早晨起来，泡一碗浓茶，向院子一坐，你也能看得到很高很高的碧绿的天色，听得到青天下驯鸽的飞声。从槐树叶底，朝东细数着一丝一丝漏下来的日光，或在破壁腰中，静对着像喇叭似的牵牛花（朝荣）的蓝朵，自然而然地也能够感觉到十分的秋意。ItismorethanadecadesinceIlastsawautumninNorth.WhenIamintheSouth,thearrivalofeachautumnwillputmeinmindofPeiping’sTaoRanTingwithitsreedcatkins,DiaoYuTaiwithitsshadywillowtrees,WesternHillswiththeirchirpinginsects,YuQuanShanMountainonamoonlighteveningandTanZheSiwithitsreverbratingbell.Supposeyouputupinahumblerentedhouseinsidethebustlingimperialcity,youcan,ongettingupatdawn,sitinyourcourtyardsippingacupofstrongtea,leisurelywatchthehighazureskiesandlistentopigeonscirclingoverhead.Sauntereastwardunderlocusttreestocloselyobservestreaksofsunlightfilteringthroughtheirfoliage,orquietlywatchthetrumpet-shapedblueflowersofmorninggloriesclimbinghalfwayupadilapidatedwall,andanintensefeelingofautumnwillofitselfwellupinsideyou.喻血轮·《老与少》英译老年为少年之过来人，少年为老年之候补者，老与少，只不过时间上之差别而已。然中国习惯，对老少之间，往往划有无形界限。在客观上，有时重老而轻少，有时重少而轻老。在主观上，老者自恃其老，少年自矜其少。几千年来，遂形成老者自以为持重练达，而菲薄少年为少不更事；而少年自以为新锐精进，而輘轹老者为老朽昏庸。此真所谓偏颇两失之见也！曩梁任公在其《少年中国》一文中，对老年人与少年人曾有一适当对比。其言曰：“老年人如夕照，少年人如朝阳；老年人如瘠牛，少年人如乳虎；老年人如僧，少年人如侠；老年人如字典，少年人如戏文；老年人如鸦片烟，少年人如白兰地酒；老年人如别行星之陨石，少年人如大海洋之珊瑚岛；老年人如埃及沙漠之金字塔，少年人如西伯利亚之铁路；老年人如秋后之柳，少年人如春间之草；老年人如死海之潴为泽，少年人如长江之初发源……”观此，则知老年与少年，各有所长，各有其用，如能祛除成见，同为国家效力，则裨益民族，定非浅鲜。OldAgeandYoungTheagedaretheantecedentsoftheyoung,andtheyoungarethecandidatesoftheaged.Thedifferencebetweenageandyouthisonlyamatteroftime.But,accordingtotheChinesecustom,thereisalwaysaninvisiblelineofdemarcationbetweenthem.Objectivelyspeaking,sometimestheagedareheldinesteemandtheyoungaremadelightof;sometimesitisjusttheotherwayround.Subjectivelyspeaking,theagedareself-conceitedbecauseoftheirgoodoldage,whiletheyoungthinknosmallbeeroftheirownyouth.Forthousandsofyearsithasbeenassumedthattheaged,thinkingthemselvesexperiencedandmoreskillful,lookdownupontheyoungfortheirgreennessinworldlyaffairs,whiletheyoung,thinkingthemselvesfreshinlifeandmoreenergetic,calltheagedoldfogies.Eitheroftheseviews,ofcourse,isfarfrombeingimpartial.LiangQi-chaoinanarticleentitled“YoungChina”madeapropercontrastbetweentheagedandtheyoung.Hesaid:“Theoldmanislikethesettingsun;theyoungman,themorningsun.Theoldmanislikealeanox;theyoungman,acubtiger.Theoldmanislikeamonk;theyoungman,aknight.Theoldmanislikeadictionary;theyoungman,thetextofaplay.Theoldmanislikeopium;theyoungman,brandy.Theoldmanislikeashootingstar;theyoungman,acoralisland.TheoldmanislikethepyramidofEgypt;theyoungman,theSiberianrailroad.Theoldmanislikethewillowafterautumn;theyoungman,thegrassinspring.Theoldmanislikethedeadseathatturnsintoalake;theyoungman,thesourceoftheYangtzeRiver.Fromthis,weknowthattheagedandtheyoungbothhavetheirownmeritsanduses.Iftheywillcastawaytheirprejudicesandworktogetherforthecountry,theirservicestothepeopleshallbeimmense.S8u9vPdYqglX