高考物理知识点总结

高考物理知识点总结 College entrance examination has been the difficulty and focus of the college entrance examination in all test subjects, loss rate is extremely high, but knowledge is more complex, here is a netizen Physics Formulas, the feeling is very subtle, copy down to share with the students, I hope to see everyone can get good results... I. description of sports The 1. object model uses particles to ignore shapes and sizes; the earth rotates as a particle, and the earth rotates its size. The change of the position of the object is accurately described by the displacement, the speed of motion is slower than that of T, and the ratio of a to V is S and t. 2., the general formula method is used, the average speed is the simplified method, the middle speed method, the initial velocity zero ratio method, and then the geometric image method is used to solve the motion method. Free fall is the example of zero initial speed a g. vertical projectile muzzle velocity is known, rise in the highest flight time on several heart, next time, the whole process of constant deceleration. The speed at the center of the moment, the average speed equal to; for acceleration, there are good square, Delta, S, a, T square. 3., speed determines the object moving, speed, acceleration direction, the same direction to accelerate the reverse decrease, vertical bend, Mo forward. Two, force 1., the problem of mechanics, fortress, stress analysis is the key; analysis of force, property, force, according to the effect of dealing with. 2. force analysis carefully, quantitative calculation of seven kinds of force; there is no gravity at the tip, according to the state of elastic elastic friction; first, the relative motion is based on gravity; in all things, there is the electric force; Li Anpei Lorentz force, the two is the essence of unity; mutual vertical stress parallel to remember. 3. the same line direction, the results just "quantity", a quantity of direction if undetermined, calculation results to two points; the resultant force of small and large, two force Q angle, the parallelogram law; force size with Q, only in the maximum and minimum, and the other side force force. Multi state when the orthogonal decomposition to solve trigonometric function to resolve. Methods 4. mechanical problems, overall isolation and hypothesis; just look at the whole force, to solve the internal force isolation; with the overall state of the same, otherwise much; even if the state is not the same, the whole two cattle also do; if a force or not, according to the calculations of limit method; grasp the critical state, procedural law in order to do orthogonal decomposition; choose the coordinate axis vector, as much as possible. Three. Newton's laws of motion 1.F and Ma, Newton's two law, produce acceleration because of force. Together with the A in the same direction, the velocity variable is a, and the a becomes smaller, then the u can be large, as long as a and u are the same. 2.N, T and other forces are apparent weight, the Mg product is the real weight; overweight does not attach importance to the apparent weight, in which the constant is the real weight; the acceleration is overweight; the deceleration is also overweight; the weight loss is increased by decreasing, decreasing, and completely ignoring the importance of zero weight Four, curvilinear motion, gravitation 1., the trajectory is a curve, the centripetal force is the condition, the curve velocity changes, and the direction is the tangent of the point. 2. circular motion centripetal force, supply and demand in the heart, the radial force to provide sufficient, Mu square than R, MRW square also required, the supply and demand balance is not heart. 3. gravity because of the quality of students, in all things in the world, because the body quality, gravitation was magical. A satellite moving around a celestial body, a satellite moving slowly and rapidly, is determined by distance. The closer it is, the faster it is, the farther away it is, the slower it will be, Synchronous satellite, fixed speed, fixed point, equator, empty line. Five mechanical energy and energy 1. determine the state, find kinetic energy, analyze the process, find the work of force, plus the positive and negative work together, and increase the kinetic energy with it. 2. clear two state mechanical energy, look at the process of work force, "gravity" beyond the power of zero initial state with the final energy. 3. determine the state, find the amount of energy, and then see the work done by the process force. It can change the active state, with the final energy. Six, the electric field "elective 3--1. 1. Coulomb's law, electric force, gravitational attraction, field force, like twin brothers, kQq and R squared. 2., there is an electric field around the charge, and F defines the field strength than Q. D is a uniform electric field with a point charge of R2 and a ratio of U to KQ. The electric field intensity is a vector, and the positive charge is determined by force. Describe the electric field lines, the density means weak and strong. The field energy property is the electric potential, the field direction, and the potential drop. Field force work is qU, kinetic energy theorem can not be forgotten. 4. there is equipotential surface in the electric field and draw the field line perpendicular to it. The direction is from high to low, dense in face and dense in line. Seven, constant current "elective 3-1. 1. when the charge is directed to move, the current is equal to Q than t. The free charge is the internal cause, and the voltage at both ends is the condition. The positive charge flows to the fixed direction, and the serial ammeter is used for measurement. The outside of the power supply is flowing from the negative to the inside. 2. resistance law, three factors, the temperature is not only derived, control variables to discuss, R, l, such as s resistance. Current work U I T, electrothermal I square R t. Electric power, W is higher than t, voltage current is also. 3., the basic circuit series, and sub voltage shunt to be clear. The equivalent circuit is the key to complex circuits. 4. the closed circuit, partial circuit, outer circuit and inner circuit follow Ohm's Ohm's law. The terminal voltage drop, and electric potential, in addition to the total current resistance is Eight, the magnetic field "elective 3-1" 1. there is a magnetic field around the magnet, and the N is forced to determine the direction. There is a magnetic field around the current, and the ampere rule sets the direction. The ratio of 2.F to L I is the magnetic field strength, phi, etc. B, S magnetic flux, flux density phi, S, and magnetic field strength. 3.BIL ampere force, be perpendicular to each other. 4. Lorentz force, Ampere force, force left, don't forget. Nine, the electromagnetic induction "elective 3-2. 1., electromagnetic induction, magneto electricity, flux changes are the conditions. The loop is closed with current and the circuit is disconnected. The magnitude of induced electromotive force and the rate of flux change are known. 2., Lenz's law of direction, change is the key to change. The conductor cuts the magnetic induction line, and the right-hand rule is more convenient. 3., Lenz's law is abstract, really understand, from three sides, hinder magnetic flux increase and decrease, relative motion by resistance, self inductance current want to block, energy conservation should be. Lenz first looked at the primary magnetic field, and the induced magnetic field would be viewed as if the flux was increasing or decreasing, and the ampere rule knew the direction of the i. Ten, AC "elective 3-2. 1. the uniform magnetic field has coils and rotates to generate alternating current. Current, voltage, electromotive force, the changing law is string. The neutral surface is sinusoidal, and the parallel plane is cosine. 2.NBS Omega is the maximum, and the effective value is calculated by heat. 3. transformer for AC, constant current can not be used. Ideal transformer, primary U, I, secondary U, I, equal is principle. The ratio of the voltage to the number of turns; The ratio of the current to the reverse turns ratio. The use of voltage ratio, if for a number of turns, to turn ratio, easy to calculate. Long distance transmission, boost down stream, otherwise the loss is big, the user after decompression. Eleven, "3-3" optional gas equation Study the gas mass, determine the state, and find the parameters. The absolute temperature is large T, and the volume is the volume. Pressure analysis, closures, Newton's laws help you. To identify the state parameters, PV T ratio is constant. Twelve. Laws of thermodynamics 1., the first law of thermodynamics, conservation of energy, good feeling. Internal energy changes, and so on, the amount of heat can not do less work. Positive and negative signs should be accurate, and income should be understood. For internal work and heat absorption, the internal energy increase is positive; the external work and the heat release can decrease the negative energy. 2., the second law of thermodynamics, heat transfer is irreversible, heat transfer, heat and heat transfer, and has the direction of the inverse. Thirteen, mechanical vibration "elective 3--4. 1. the harmonic vibration should be kept in mind, O as the starting point, the displacement, the direction of the recovery force, and always to the balance position, The size is proportional to the displacement, and the balance position is u great pole. Don't forget to 2.O point symmetry, vibration intensity amplitude, vibration speed is a periodic cycle, take the 4A Road, cycle l than g, then take the square root 2p, second pendulum period is 2 seconds, the pendulum length about 1 meters long. To the centroid swing long pendulum is isochronous. 3. the direction of the vibration image, from the bottom to the top is upward, from the top to the bottom is downward; the vibration image displacement, vertex bottom point, large displacement, positive and negative symbol direction refers to. Fourteen, mechanical wave "elective 3--4. 1. left, left slope, right row, right slope. There is no direction at peak point or valley point. 2., along the direction of propagation, from the valley to the peak want to climb, the foot must go down, up and down vibration, move. 3. different moments of the image, delta T, four points, one or three, particle trends, doubts scattered, S, V, t in handy. Fifteen, optical "elective 3-4. 1. self luminous light source, homogeneous homogeneous straight line transmission. If you encounter obstacles, the path of propagation changes. The two law of refraction, refraction, law of refraction is the point. The refractive index of a light medium is defined by the ratio of the sine to the velocity ratio and the ratio of the wavelength. 2. of total reflection, keep in mind that the incident light in the light. The incident angle is greater than the critical angle, and the refracted light is nowhere to be found. Sixteen 、 physical optics The 1. light is an electromagnetic wave that produces interference and diffraction. The diffraction consists of single slits and small apertures, with double slits and films. The width of the single slit is almost the same as the spacing of the interference. Small aperture diffraction ring, film interference useful. The utility model can be used for measuring workpieces and can be made into an antireflection coating. The Poisson spot is diffraction, and the interference formula should be grasped. "Elective 3-4. 2. light metals generate electricity and the incident light has a limit. The kinetic energy of photoelectrons is large and small, which is related to photon frequency. The number and the number of photoelectrons are closely related to the intensity of light. The photoelectric effect can occur instantaneously, and the limit frequency depends on the work done. "Elective 3-5, Seventeen, the momentum "elective 3--5. 1. determine the momentum of the state, the analysis process to find the impulse, the same line to determine the direction, the results of the calculation is only "quantity", and if the direction of a certain amount, the calculation results are specified. 2. determine the momentum of the state, and analyze the process to find the momentum, If the impulse force is zero, the initial momentum with the final. Eighteen, the atomic nucleus "elective 3-5. 1., the nucleus, the central station, the electron layer is surrounded by it; the outward transition is excited, the radiative photon moves inward; the photon energy HN, the energy level difference is calculated. 2. nuclei can change alpha alpha beta two decay. Alpha particle is helium nuclei, electron flow is beta ray. Gamma photons are not only accompanied by decay. Uranium nuclei are separated by fission, and neutron bombardment is a condition. Fission can build atomic bombs, and electricity can also be used to generate electricity. Light fusion is fusion, where temperature is extremely high. Change can make hydrogen bomb, or solar energy source; peaceful utilization foreground is good, but unfortunately has not been realized up to now. College entrance examination has been the difficulty and focus of the college entrance examination in all test subjects, loss rate is extremely high, but knowledge is more complex, here is a netizen Physics Formulas, the feeling is very subtle, copy down to share with the students, I hope to see everyone can get good results... I. description of sports The 1. object model uses particles to ignore shapes and sizes; the earth rotates as a particle, and the earth rotates its size. The change of the position of the object is accurately described by the displacement, the speed of motion is slower than that of T, and the ratio of a to V is S and t. 2., the general formula method is used, the average speed is the simplified method, the middle speed method, the initial velocity zero ratio method, and then the geometric image method is used to solve the motion method. Free fall is the example of zero initial speed a g. vertical projectile muzzle velocity is known, rise in the highest flight time on several heart, next time, the whole process of constant deceleration. The speed at the center of the moment, the average speed equal to; for acceleration, there are good square, Delta, S, a, T square. 3., speed determines the object moving, speed, acceleration direction, the same direction to accelerate the reverse decrease, vertical bend, Mo forward. Two, force 1., the problem of mechanics, fortress, stress analysis is the key; analysis of force, property, force, according to the effect of dealing with. 2. force analysis carefully, quantitative calculation of seven kinds of force; there is no gravity at the tip, according to the state of elastic elastic friction; first, the relative motion is based on gravity; in all things, there is the electric force; Li Anpei Lorentz force, the two is the essence of unity; mutual vertical stress parallel to remember. 3. the same line direction, the results just "quantity", a quantity of direction if undetermined, calculation results to two points; the resultant force of small and large, two force Q angle, the parallelogram law; force size with Q, only in the maximum and minimum, and the other side force force. Multi state when the orthogonal decomposition to solve trigonometric function to resolve. Methods 4. mechanical problems, overall isolation and hypothesis; just look at the whole force, to solve the internal force isolation; with the overall state of the same, otherwise much; even if the state is not the same, the whole two cattle also do; if a force or not, according to the calculations of limit method; grasp the critical state, procedural law in order to do orthogonal decomposition; choose the coordinate axis vector, as much as possible. Three. Newton's laws of motion 1.F and Ma, Newton's two law, produce acceleration because of force. Together with the A in the same direction, the velocity variable is a, and the a becomes smaller, then the u can be large, as long as a and u are the same. The force of 2.N and T is apparent weight, and the product of Mg is the real weight; overweight does not attach importance to apparent weight, Among them, the constant is the real weight; the acceleration is overweight; the deceleration is also overweight; the weight loss is increased or decreased; the weight loss is totally zero Four, curvilinear motion, gravitation 1., the trajectory is a curve, the centripetal force is the condition, the curve velocity changes, and the direction is the tangent of the point. 2. circular motion centripetal force, supply and demand in the heart, the radial force to provide sufficient, Mu square than R, MRW square also required, the supply and demand balance is not heart. 3. gravity because of the quality of students, in all things in the world, because the body quality, gravitation was magical. A satellite moving around a celestial body, a satellite that moves slowly and rapidly, is determined by distance. The closer it is, the faster it is, the farther away it is, the slower it is. Five mechanical energy and energy 1. determine the state, find kinetic energy, analyze the process, find the work of force, plus the positive and negative work together, and increase the kinetic energy with it. 2. clear two state mechanical energy, look at the process of work force, "gravity" beyond the power of zero initial state with the final energy. 3. determine the state, find the amount of energy, and then see the work done by the process force. It can change the active state, with the final energy. Six, the electric field "elective 3--1. 1. Coulomb's law, electric force, gravitational attraction, field force, like twin brothers, kQq and R squared. 2., there is an electric field around the charge, and F defines the field strength than Q. D is a uniform electric field with a point charge of R2 and a ratio of U to KQ. The electric field intensity is a vector, and the positive charge is determined by force. Describe the electric field lines, the density means weak and strong. The field energy property is the electric potential, the field direction, and the potential drop. Field force work is qU, kinetic energy theorem can not be forgotten. 4. there is equipotential surface in the electric field and draw the field line perpendicular to it. The direction is from high to low, dense in face and dense in line. Seven, constant current "elective 3-1. 1. when the charge is directed to move, the current is equal to Q than t. The free charge is the internal cause, and the voltage at both ends is the condition. The positive charge flows to the fixed direction, and the serial ammeter is used for measurement. The outside of the power supply is flowing from the negative to the inside. 2. resistance law, three factors, the temperature is not only derived, control variables to discuss, R, l, such as s resistance. Current work U I T, electrothermal I square R t. Electric power, W is higher than t, voltage current is also. 3., the basic circuit series, and sub voltage shunt to be clear. The equivalent circuit is the key to complex circuits. 4. the closed circuit, partial circuit, outer circuit and inner circuit follow Ohm's Ohm's law. The terminal voltage drop, and electric potential, in addition to the total current resistance is Eight, the magnetic field "elective 3-1" 1. there is a magnetic field around the magnet, and the N is forced to determine the direction. There is a magnetic field around the current, and the ampere rule sets the direction. The ratio of 2.F to L I is the magnetic field strength, phi, etc. B, S magnetic flux, flux density phi, S, and magnetic field strength. 3.BIL ampere force, be perpendicular to each other. 4. Lorentz force, Ampere force, force left, don't forget. Nine, the electromagnetic induction "elective 3-2. 1., electromagnetic induction, magneto electricity, flux changes are the conditions. The loop is closed with current and the circuit is disconnected. The magnitude of induced electromotive force and the rate of flux change are known. 2., Lenz's law of direction, change is the key to change. The conductor cuts the magnetic induction line, and the right-hand rule is more convenient. 3., Lenz's law is abstract and really understood from three parties, Impede the increase and decrease of magnetic flux, the relative motion is resisted, the induced current will block, and the conservation of energy should be reasonable. Lenz first looked at the primary magnetic field, and the induced magnetic field would be viewed as if the flux was increasing or decreasing, and the ampere rule knew the direction of the i. Ten, AC "elective 3-2. 1. the uniform magnetic field has coils and rotates to generate alternating current. Current, voltage, electromotive force, the changing law is string. The neutral surface is sinusoidal, and the parallel plane is cosine. 2.NBS Omega is the maximum, and the effective value is calculated by heat. 3. transformer for AC, constant current can not be used. Ideal transformer, primary U, I, secondary U, I, equal is principle. The ratio of the voltage to the number of turns; the ratio of the current; the inverse ratio of the turns. The use of voltage ratio, if for a number of turns, to turn ratio, easy to calculate. Long distance transmission, boost down stream, otherwise the loss is big, the user after decompression. Eleven, "3-3" optional gas equation Study the gas mass, determine the state, and find the parameters. The absolute temperature is large T, and the volume is the volume. Pressure analysis, closures, Newton's laws help you. To identify the state parameters, PV T ratio is constant. Twelve. Laws of thermodynamics 1., the first law of thermodynamics, conservation of energy, good feeling. Internal energy changes, and so on, the amount of heat can not do less work. Positive and negative signs should be accurate, and income should be understood. For internal work and heat absorption, the internal energy increase is positive; the external work and the heat release can decrease the negative energy. 2., the second law of thermodynamics, heat transfer is irreversible, heat transfer, heat and heat transfer, and has the direction of the inverse. Thirteen, mechanical vibration "elective 3--4. 1. the harmonic vibration should be kept in mind, O as the starting point, the displacement, the direction of the recovery force, and always to the balance position, The size is proportional to the displacement, and the balance position is u great pole. Don't forget to 2.O point symmetry, vibration intensity amplitude, vibration speed is a periodic cycle, take the 4A Road, cycle l than g, then take the square root 2p, second pendulum period is 2 seconds, the pendulum length about 1 meters long. To the centroid swing long pendulum is isochronous. 3. the direction of the vibration image, from the bottom to the top is upward, from the top to the bottom is downward; the vibration image displacement, vertex bottom point, large displacement, positive and negative symbol direction refers to. Fourteen, mechanical wave "elective 3--4. 1. left, left slope, right row, right slope. There is no direction at peak point or valley point. 2., along the direction of propagation, from the valley to the peak want to climb, the foot must go down, up and down vibration, move. 3. different moments of the image, delta T, four points, one or three, particle trends, doubts scattered, S, V, t in handy. Fifteen, optical "elective 3-4. 1. self luminous light source, homogeneous homogeneous straight line transmission. If you encounter obstacles, the path of propagation changes. The two law of refraction, refraction, law of refraction is the point. The refractive index of a light medium is defined by the ratio of the sine to the velocity ratio and the ratio of the wavelength. 2. of total reflection, keep in mind that the incident light in the light. The incident angle is greater than the critical angle, and the refracted light is nowhere to be found. Sixteen 、 physical optics The 1. light is an electromagnetic wave that produces interference and diffraction. The diffraction consists of single slits and small apertures, with double slits and films. The width of the single slit is almost the same as the spacing of the interference. Aperture diffraction ring, Thin film interference is useful. The utility model can be used for measuring workpieces and can be made into an antireflection coating. The Poisson spot is diffraction, and the interference formula should be grasped. "Elective 3-4. 2. light metals generate electricity and the incident light has a limit. The kinetic energy of photoelectrons is large and small, which is related to photon frequency. The number and the number of photoelectrons are closely related to the intensity of light. The photoelectric effect can occur instantaneously, and the limit frequency depends on the work done. "Elective 3-5, Seventeen, the momentum "elective 3--5. 1. determine the momentum of the state, the analysis process to find the impulse, the same line to determine the direction, the results of the calculation is only "quantity", and if the direction of a certain amount, the calculation results are specified. 2. determine the state for momentum, the analysis process for the impulse force, if the impulse is zero, the initial momentum with the final. Eighteen, the atomic nucleus "elective 3-5. 1., the nucleus, the central station, the electron layer is surrounded by it; the outward transition is excited, the radiative photon moves inward; the photon energy HN, the energy level difference is calculated. 2. nuclei can change alpha alpha beta two decay. Alpha particle is helium nuclei, electron flow is beta ray. Gamma photons are not only accompanied by decay. Uranium nuclei are separated by fission, and neutron bombardment is a condition. Fission can build atomic bombs, and electricity can also be used to generate electricity. Light fusion is fusion, where temperature is extremely high. Change can make hydrogen bomb, or solar energy source; peaceful utilization foreground is good, but unfortunately has not been realized up to now.