国商金融第二学位论文07812320米晨浩

国商金融第二学位 论文 政研论文下载论文大学下载论文大学下载关于长拳的论文浙大论文封面下载 07812320米晨浩 山 东 工 商 学 院 SHANDONG INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY 毕业论文(设计) TERM THESIS (DESIGN) 论文,设计, 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 目 论中国反倾销的国际挑战 Title Of Thesis(Design) 分院,系别, 专 业 国际商学院 金融学 Department Specialty 班 级 学 号 金融 073 07812320 Class Number 论文,设计,作者 论文完成日期 米晨浩 2011年5月20日 Author of Thesis(Design) Date 论文,设计,指导教师 指导教师职称 刘亚丁 教 授 The Title of Advisor Advisor introduced a number of leading creative talents, and then the "introduction of a high-end talent, bringing an innovative team, a mainstay of the economy," the derivative effect, improving the competitiveness of inner. (C) improvement of science "three" working method. This year, the State will supply side as part of economic structural reform a top priority, structural reforms will create regional industrial transfer and investment direction change. For this change, we have to adapt domestic economic trends in quality and efficiency upgrades, find the right investment trends of the County and docking points, improved ways to improve effectiveness. One is the investment promotion policy to further clarify. To develop "three a" preferential policies, the County policy investment, not to engage in vicious competition in the County. Incentives to attract foreign investment must be clear, no investment on town street, investment task tasks departments and staff, enterprise investment enterprises, three level, have clear criteria for award. To implement the "enclave economy", the street attract projects according to the industrial development of the town planning zone landed, after tax, all included in the attract target in town street, 50% into account the task of landing zone indicators. To make "three one" promo, ... ... Advantages and policy advocacy. To implemented joint trial joint batch system, a new industrial project landing must after sent modified, and Tsunenobu, and environmental, and safety, and land, and tax, and financial, sector joint analysis argument, on environmental policy, and acres are tax, and technology, and resources using, and market prospects, for analysis, on environmental, and capacity, and security, and social stable for risk assessment, not after joint trial joint batch of project cannot landing. To increase its support for the introduction of talent, entrepreneurship, innovation talent on a class, class b business, creative talent, such as different levels of talent, in areas 论中国反倾销的国际挑战 THE INTERNATIONAL CHALLENGE OF CHINA ANTI-DUMPING 米晨浩 Mi chenhao 2010年5月20日 May. 20, 2010 I 摘 要 摘要: 当前，我国企业在国外遭受反倾销诉讼越来越多。与此同时，境外企业也不断向我国市场进行倾销，这些现象揭示了中国反倾销遇到了前所未有的国际挑战。如何应对挑战首先要对“倾销”及其诉讼进行基本分析，同时，分析我国遭遇反倾销现状及原因，进而从建立应对反倾销预警机制、积极应诉和多方配合支持的角度总结出我国企业在国外反倾销诉讼的应对方略。 关键词:倾销;反倾销;反倾销诉讼 introduced a number of leading creative talents, and then the "introduction of a high-end talent, bringing an innovative team, a mainstay of the economy," the derivative effect, improving the competitiveness of inner. (C) improvement of science "three" working method. This year, the State will supply side as part of economic structural reform a top priority, structural reforms will create regional industrial transfer and investment direction change. For this change, we have to adapt domestic economic trends in quality and efficiency upgrades, find the right investment trends of the County and docking points, improved ways to improve effectiveness. One is the investment promotion policy to further clarify. To develop "three a" preferential policies, the County policy investment, not to engage in vicious competition in the County. Incentives to attract foreign investment must be clear, no investment on town street, investment task tasks departments and staff, enterprise investment enterprises, three level, have clear criteria for award. To implement the "enclave economy", the street attract projects according to the industrial development of the town planning zone landed, after tax, all included in the attract target in town street, 50% into account the task of landing zone indicators. To make "three one" promo, ... ... Advantages and policy advocacy. To implemented joint trial joint batch system, a new industrial project landing must after sent modified, and Tsunenobu, and environmental, and safety, and land, and tax, and financial, sector joint analysis argument, on environmental policy, and acres are tax, and technology, and resources using, and market prospects, for analysis, on environmental, and capacity, and security, and social stable for risk assessment, not after joint trial joint batch of project cannot landing. To increase its support for the introduction of talent, entrepreneurship, innovation talent on a class, class b business, creative talent, such as different levels of talent, in areas 山东工商学院2011届毕业论文 Abstract At present, our country enterprise in foreign undergone anti-dumping charges more and more. Meanwhile, outside the enterprise also unceasingly to our market, these phenomenon reveals the dumping of Chinese anti-dumping met unprecedented international challenges. How to deal with the first challenge to "dumping" and the basic analysis, meanwhile, analyzes encounter situation and causes, and then dumping anti-dumping early warning mechanism from the establishment of coping, actively responding and various support in the Angle of foreign enterprises in summarized anti-dumping litigation coping strategy. Keywords: Dumping; Anti-dumping; Anti-dumping litigation III 目 录 一、对倾销和反倾销的基本认识 ................................................................................................1 (一)倾销的特征 ..............................................................................................................1 (二)反倾销的构成要件....................................................................................................1 (三)反倾销诉讼的特点....................................................................................................2 二、我国遭遇反倾销现状及原因 ................................................................................................3 (一)自身原因 .....................................................................................................................3 (二)外部原因 .....................................................................................................................4 三、我国在国外反倾销诉讼的应对方略 .....................................................................................5 (一)从国家来看，要依靠宏观经济政策 ...........................................................................5 (二)从企业自身来看 .......................................................................................................6 参考文献 ...................................................................................................................................8 introduced a number of leading creative talents, and then the "introduction of a high-end talent, bringing an innovative team, a mainstay of the economy," the derivative effect, improving the competitiveness of inner. (C) improvement of science "three" working method. This year, the State will supply side as part of economic structural reform a top priority, structural reforms will create regional industrial transfer and investment direction change. For this change, we have to adapt domestic economic trends in quality and efficiency upgrades, find the right investment trends of the County and docking points, improved ways to improve effectiveness. One is the investment promotion policy to further clarify. To develop "three a" preferential policies, the County policy investment, not to engage in vicious competition in the County. Incentives to attract foreign investment must be clear, no investment on town street, investment task tasks departments and staff, enterprise investment enterprises, three level, have clear criteria for award. To implement the "enclave economy", the street attract projects according to the industrial development of the town planning zone landed, after tax, all included in the attract target in town street, 50% into account the task of landing zone indicators. To make "three one" promo, ... ... Advantages and policy advocacy. To implemented joint trial joint batch system, a new industrial project landing must after sent modified, and Tsunenobu, and environmental, and safety, and land, and tax, and financial, sector joint analysis argument, on environmental policy, and acres are tax, and technology, and resources using, and market prospects, for analysis, on environmental, and capacity, and security, and social stable for risk assessment, not after joint trial joint batch of project cannot landing. To increase its support for the introduction of talent, entrepreneurship, innovation talent on a class, class b business, creative talent, such as different levels of talent, in areas 山东工商学院2011届毕业论文 在国际贸易中，倾销是一种便捷、高效率地占领进口国市场份额，获取高额利润的手段，因而，这一方式被许多国家采用。为了防范这一过程中的危险，,,,赋予了成员方抵制这一不公平贸易的措施——反倾销，通过它，进口国可以避免本国工业遭受进口产品冲击。但是，反倾销也是一把双刃剑，很多国家利用它不正当的干预别国企业的产品进入其国内市场。 一、对倾销和反倾销的基本认识 (一)倾销的特征 关于执行1994年关贸总协定第6条的协议规定，如果在正常的贸易过程中，一项产品从一国出口到另一国，该产品的出口价格低于在其本国内消费的相同产品的可比价格，也即以低于其正常的价值进入另一国的商业渠道，则该产品将被认为是倾销。通过对这一概念的分析，我们可以归纳出倾销的若干特征: 1(倾销是一种低价销售产品的行为。这种低价是相对于正常价值而言的，通过这种低价倾销的方式，出口国可以快速占领进口国市场份额，获取高额利润。同时，进口国的相关工业将会受到不同程度的影响。 2(倾销是一种人为的低价销售行为。倾销是由出口商根据不同的市场特点、供求关系而自己强行压低其产品在另一国市场上销售价格的措施。倾销产品的价格不能客观地反映经济价值，从而，它很可能扰乱进口国的市场经济秩序。 3(倾销的目的和动机具有多样性。对于企业的倾销行为而言，有的是为了销售过剩产品;有的是为了赚取外汇;但最多的是为了争夺国外市场，打败在进口国的竞争对手，垄断进口国的市场，达到赚取高额利润的目的;一些国家甚至利用倾销手段打击发展中国家的民族经济，以达到对其在政治和经济上的控制。 4(倾销是一种不公平贸易的行为。倾销往往是出口商凭借自己在国内市场上的优势地位而获得在另一国市场的竞争优势。从而可看出，倾销是出口国的优势企业把自己的优势从本国又扩张到进口国的过程之一，因此，倾销不仅会影响进口国的经济发展，而且还扰乱了国际市场正常竞争秩序。 (二)反倾销的构成要件 1(在客观上，存在倾销行为。存在倾销行为是构成反倾销的首要条件。如果一国产品出口到另一国时，其不存在倾销行为，那反倾销就无从谈起，因为倾销与反倾销是相伴而产生的。 2(在结果上，存在损害。有倾销的客观行为不一定导致一国采取反倾销措施，还要确定该倾销是否存在对该国国内产业的损害。这里所指的损害一般指三个方面， 1 即对某国国内产业造成实质损害或是对其造成实质性损害威胁或是对某国国内相关产业的建立造成实质性阻碍。 3(在相互关系上，倾销行为和损害之间存在因果关系。对于反倾销的构成要件方面，因果关系的要求是必然的。如果一国的相关国内产业的损害不是他国出口产品所造成的，那该国就不得采用反倾销措施，否则，其就是滥用了反倾销措施，构筑了新的贸易壁垒。 (三)反倾销诉讼的特点 反倾销的举措被很多国家充分利用来保护本国民族工业的发展，甚至不惜在两国间建立新的贸易壁垒。面对这一新情况，我国不应坐以待毙，而是应注意当今国际上反倾销的发展趋势，理解和总结反倾销诉讼的特点: 1(在一定的条件下，反倾销诉讼是一种抵制不公平贸易行为的有效方式。任何事物都有两面性，反倾销也一样，它既可以用来保护一国的民族工业，也可能被一些国家利用来构筑新的贸易壁垒。面对第二种情况，出口国的企业就需要积极参与反倾销诉讼来保护自己企业的利益，抵制这种不公平贸易的行为。 2(反倾销诉讼的目的和动机具有多样性。由于世界上倾销的目的和动机具有多样性(前面所提到的)，因而它也决定了反倾销诉讼的目的和动机具有多样性。当然，它最主要的目的是为了保护出口国企业在国际市场上得到公正的对待，使世界经济在良性的轨道上健康发展。因此，世界上所有国家的反倾销法律制度都按照,,,的要求规定了反倾销诉讼，以此，出口国企业的权益才能得到更好地维护。 3(反倾销诉讼具有公私兼顾的特点。一旦某个国家的生产行业认为自己所在的行业受到了外国进口产品的实质损害或损害的威胁，它便会向自己所在国的反倾销主管部门提起申请，要求对出口国可能涉及倾销的企业进行倾销调查。之后，该国的反倾销主管部门便会对这一情况进行调查，一旦情况属实，它便会采取相关的反倾销措施。同时，在该国的反倾销主管部门的调查过程中，外国企业为了自己的利益也会参与进去，进行反倾销应诉。 4(反倾销诉讼的提起主体具有特殊性。反倾销诉讼并不是任何一个自然人、法人或者非法人团体都能够向国家的反倾销主管机构提起的。只有遭受倾销的行业或某国反倾销的主管机构才有资格提起反倾销诉讼。例如，美国，只有反倾销的主管机构和遭受倾销的同类产品的生产商或批发商、工会或行业协会才能提起反倾销诉讼。 5(反倾销诉讼应诉周期长、成本高、涉及面广、专业性强。反倾销诉讼涉及到法律、技术等很多领域的知识，既专又广，对于遭受反倾销的企业来说，很不好操作;同时，反倾销诉讼需要大量的资金作为保证，时间一般要在十几个月左右，很多企业在资金上很难承受，在时间上也拖不起。 introduced a number of leading creative talents, and then the "introduction of a high-end talent, bringing an innovative team, a mainstay of the economy," the derivative effect, improving the competitiveness of inner. (C) improvement of science "three" working method. This year, the State will supply side as part of economic structural reform a top priority, structural reforms will create regional industrial transfer and investment direction change. For this change, we have to adapt domestic economic trends in quality and efficiency upgrades, find the right investment trends of the County and docking points, improved ways to improve effectiveness. One is the investment promotion policy to further clarify. To develop "three a" preferential policies, the County policy investment, not to engage in vicious competition in the County. Incentives to attract foreign investment must be clear, no investment on town street, investment task tasks departments and staff, enterprise investment enterprises, three level, have clear criteria for award. To implement the "enclave economy", the street attract projects according to the industrial development of the town planning zone landed, after tax, all included in the attract target in town street, 50% into account the task of landing zone indicators. To make "three one" promo, ... ... Advantages and policy advocacy. To implemented joint trial joint batch system, a new industrial project landing must after sent modified, and Tsunenobu, and environmental, and safety, and land, and tax, and financial, sector joint analysis argument, on environmental policy, and acres are tax, and technology, and resources using, and market prospects, for analysis, on environmental, and capacity, and security, and social stable for risk assessment, not after joint trial joint batch of project cannot landing. To increase its support for the introduction of talent, entrepreneurship, innovation talent on a class, class b business, creative talent, such as different levels of talent, in areas 山东工商学院2011届毕业论文 二、我国遭遇反倾销现状及原因 改革开放以来，随着我国对外贸易不断发展，一些国家针对中国的反倾销指控逐步增多。特别是进入20世纪90年代以来，我国遭受反倾销的形势越来越严峻，反倾销案件急剧增加，对我国出口产生严重的威胁。据统计，在1980年至2000年的20年间，针对我国出口商品的反倾销案件，约占国际反倾销案件总数的11(25,，排名第一;遭受反倾销最终裁定的案件数量及其比例也都位居世界第一，这些表明中国已成为世界反倾销的最大受害国。我国遭遇反倾销的原因主要有以下两方面: 中国出口商品遭受反倾销诉讼主要有两个方面的原因,其一是中国出口商及出口商品本身的原因;其二是世界经济政治外部环境所决定的原因。 (一)自身原因 1.中国出口商品低价竞销。中国的出口商品与国外的同类商品相比其销售价格较低,尤其是劳动密集型产品表现较为明显。这主要是因为我国外贸企业经营权放开以后,大多数的外贸企业都取得了出口经营权,进入壁垒随之降低。外贸企业这种进入壁垒低、竞争性强的特点决定了其企业数量众多、规模较小、市场集中度和产业组织化程度低。外贸经营主体多元化,但缺乏约束协调机制,各自从其自身的利益出发,出口商之间几乎处于自发竞争状态。而且出口企业目标市场单一化,使得出口企业只能在有限的目标市场内进行残酷的竞争。而对于附加值较低的劳动密集型产品,一般都为标准化产品,在品质上不会存在太大的差异,从而出口商之间主要开展的是价格战,竞相降低商品的销售价格来争夺有限的市场,从而构成倾销。 2.中国为“非市场经济”国家。中国在加入WTO时依然不是以市场经济的国家的身份加入,而在确定是否存在倾销的问题上,是以其出口商品在国外的销售价格是否低于国内市场的销售价格为标准。中国的出口商品的价格一般都是高于国内市场的销售价格,但是由于中国不被归于市场经济国家的行列,从而使得中国出口商品价格与其国内市场的销售价格不具有可比性,而只能采用第三国的价格来进行比较。这对中国出口商品价格的衡量极为不利。进口国在提起诉讼时,选定替代国的价格作为衡量标准,而替代国价格的选定是有利于进口国而不利于出口国。当然替代国价格的选定也给被告提供了机会,若替代国价格选择不合理可以另行选定替代国作为衡量该商品的价格标准。但是要求被告的较短的时间内对替代国进行市场调研及发表评述,欧盟规定要求被 3 告在10天内收集齐所有的证据和资料来说明其替代国的选择是不合理,而在这个时限内要推翻原告花费了大量时间所选择的替代国的理由几乎是不可能。 3.中国出口商品成本核算。中国出口商品的成本核算问题与国际相比,依然存在差距。国外成本核算精确、具体。由于我国企业、行业缺少反倾销会计信息平台,在应诉反倾销调查时,现有的财务会计系统不能提供符合应诉反倾销所需要的产品成本资料。中国企业的财务管理粗放,财务上使用“毛估算”、“差不多”等模糊数字。管理不科学,班组报喜不报忧,对于所出的废品瞒报或者悄悄地计入成本,没有详细的记录。仓库的存量与财务的账对不上。这些问题在应对国际反倾销诉讼时就反映得淋漓尽致。使我国出口企业在应对反倾销诉讼时要重新审视其成本,进行精确估算,不仅要将其废品计入成本而且要将其生产、运输等其它环节的所有的支出都分摊到成本中。 4.中国出口企业消极应诉。遭受反倾销诉讼后,中国的一部分企业采取消极应诉。其主要原因如下:其一是面对国外的反倾销没有胜诉的信心,所以只能听之任之;其二是高昂地应诉成本,一个企业的反倾销就诉成本在400万至800万人民币之间。对于一般企业而言,无法承担如此庞大的开支,况且,一旦败诉将血本无归。其三是存在“搭便车”现象。因为只要同行业内其它企业应诉成功,在不支付成本的情况下就可以分享其成果。其四是认为不管在什么情况下,政府都能给国内企业提供保护,企业自身没有应诉的积极性。所以国内企业从1979年到1997年,我国的应诉率只有29.4%,近年来我国应诉率得到了提高但是未达到100%。比如,去年美国对中国28个省、市的253家轴承企业,提起反倾销调查,对此我国200多家轴承企业拒绝应诉,唯有浙江慈兴公司积极应诉。 (二)外部原因 1.贸易不平衡是中国出口商品遭受反倾销诉讼的直接动因。近年来中国对美出口商品存在持续的国际贸易顺差。由于美国去年外贸逆差高达4352亿美元,而美商务部的统计对华贸易逆差高达1031亿美元,占美国外贸逆差总额的近1/4。而据中国的海关统计资料显示,中国对美的国际贸易顺差只有427.2亿美元。因此,美方不少人士认为,“中国未能履行双边贸易协定及美方敦促不力是造成美中之间大幅逆差的原因之一”。在他们看来,中国如此巨大的对美贸易顺差是绝不能忍受的,在中国进口美国产品不能大幅增长的情况下,只有通过加大对华反倾销力度,阻止中国产品更多地进入美国市场才是平衡这一问题的最有效手段。 2.利益集团是中国出口商品遭受反倾销诉讼的推动者。各国利益集团众多,在反倾销调查中,利益集团起了明显的推波助澜作用。各国利益集团为了维护自身的利益,以为了保护本国劳工的利益为晃子来对政府施压,要求政府限制商品的进口。而如果通过关税或非关税措施来限制进口是世贸组织规则所不允许的,在这种情况下,只有通过对introduced a number of leading creative talents, and then the "introduction of a high-end talent, bringing an innovative team, a mainstay of the economy," the derivative effect, improving the competitiveness of inner. (C) improvement of science "three" working method. This year, the State will supply side as part of economic structural reform a top priority, structural reforms will create regional industrial transfer and investment direction change. For this change, we have to adapt domestic economic trends in quality and efficiency upgrades, find the right investment trends of the County and docking points, improved ways to improve effectiveness. One is the investment promotion policy to further clarify. To develop "three a" preferential policies, the County policy investment, not to engage in vicious competition in the County. Incentives to attract foreign investment must be clear, no investment on town street, investment task tasks departments and staff, enterprise investment enterprises, three level, have clear criteria for award. To implement the "enclave economy", the street attract projects according to the industrial development of the town planning zone landed, after tax, all included in the attract target in town street, 50% into account the task of landing zone indicators. To make "three one" promo, ... ... Advantages and policy advocacy. To implemented joint trial joint batch system, a new industrial project landing must after sent modified, and Tsunenobu, and environmental, and safety, and land, and tax, and financial, sector joint analysis argument, on environmental policy, and acres are tax, and technology, and resources using, and market prospects, for analysis, on environmental, and capacity, and security, and social stable for risk assessment, not after joint trial joint batch of project cannot landing. To increase its support for the introduction of talent, entrepreneurship, innovation talent on a class, class b business, creative talent, such as different levels of talent, in areas 山东工商学院2011届毕业论文 有利害关系的国家的出口商品提起反倾销诉,进而征收反倾销税来限制商品的进品成为一种合理的也是最佳的手段。充当此次对华反倾销急先锋的当属美国纺织品制造商协会。4月7日该协会发表声明,指责中国在过去的一年时间里,对美国的出口翻了一番多,导致成千上万的美国工人失业,为使该行业能长期生存下去,该协会极力要求美政府有效运用特殊保障措施。美国对中国贸易政策的心态正在出现微妙的变化,中国未来遭受的反倾销调查力度很有可能进一步恶化。 3.国际经贸关系的变化决定了中国出口商品遭受反倾销诉讼的长期性。随着国际政治经济关系的变化,中国遭受反倾销诉讼的道路是漫长的且任务是艰巨的。今年美国贸易代表办公室公布的《2003年各国贸易壁垒报告》中,再次将日本、中国和欧盟列在了这份清单中的前几位。同时,在其发表的2003年度“特殊301”报告中,仍将中国列为“306条款”监督对象,也就意味着,若发现中国执行双边知识产权协议的努力减退,美国贸易代表办公室可以直接对中国采取贸易制裁行动。5月22日,美国会众院否决了取消美现行的以理论兆位运算值(MTOPS)为基础的高性能计算机出口管制制度的H R 1553号法案,使得美国放宽对华高技术出口管制的努力再次受挫,中美贸易不平衡问题的解决仍然面临着极大的挑战。 三、我国在国外反倾销诉讼的应对方略 (一)从国家来看，要依靠宏观经济政策 1.加大政府对外交涉的力度。我国应加快加入世界贸易组织的进程,并在此过程中努力通过对外交涉工作的反倾销应诉工作的实践,进一步澄清有关中国经济体制问题,尽早确认中国“市场经济”地位,并依据世贸组织的基本原则以及有关的反倾销协议,有效抵制国外对我国进行的反倾销歧视,为扫清国外对我国反倾销调查的歧视性做法提供基础。 2.大力向企业宣传我国的反倾销法。对于西方国家利用反倾销法对我国出口的限制,我国作为一个主权国家完全有权根据国际法的对等原则,采取必要的措施,发挥我国反倾销法的作用。 3.在重点国家和地区建立反倾销调查新案件的预警机制。目前,我国已经在美国、欧盟、韩国、南非、澳大利亚等建立了预警机制,其目的在于,使得我相关企业和商会能尽早得到可能立案的相关信息,充分利用时间进行防止立案的游说和进行相关的材料准备工作,争取将案件消灭在萌芽阶段或者为正式立案后的问卷回答、资料收集工作争取更多的时间。 4.采取切实措施提高企业应诉的积极性。为了充分调动企业的应诉积极性,外经贸 5 部专门制定了旨在落实“谁应诉谁受益”的原则规定,要求企业积极应诉反倾销案件,对其中表现积极的企业给予奖励,对不应诉或在应诉中表现消极的企业给予处罚。 5.坚持统一的对外方针政策。为了加强宏观调控,我国应设立统一的主要对象国家的出口管理机构,协调和统一管理对这些国家的出口;完善许可证配额 管理制度 档案管理制度下载食品安全管理制度下载三类维修管理制度下载财务管理制度免费下载安全设施管理制度下载 ,利用颁发出口许可证、配额等行政手段对出口商品的质量、数量、价格等进行管理,从而改变各地、各部门低价竟销的局面;强化行业进出口商品协会的协调管理作用,各进出口商品协会对其所管辖的出口商品的质量、档次、价格、标准等方面要充分发挥协调和监督作用,对违反的要给予必要的行政制裁和经济处罚。 (二)从企业自身来看 1.建立健全的财务制度。各外贸企业必须严格财务制度,加强财务管理以便在反倾销应诉时能提供准确完备的各种数据,充分举证,为自己辩护。 2.防上低价倾销。一项反倾销投诉的发生,最主要的条件之一就是出口国认为该进口产品以低于正常价值进行销售,为此企业在制定出口价格时应考虑到进口国工业生产的同类产品的售价及其它出口国的同类产品的价格,以防反倾销调查的发生是非常必要的。企业应学会自我约束,自我 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 协调行业内不同企业的利益,不能仅为一时的国际市场需求而盲目扩大生产规模,如先是为了抢占市场而高价抢购原材料,随后又因饱和而不得不低价竟销,极易造成反倾销。 3.强化反倾销意识,积极准备应诉。在反倾销案件正式立案后,涉案企业应当积极应诉,不应诉将会直接导致我国涉诉产品失去诉国市场,因为如果不应诉的话,对方国家则有权使用所谓“最佳可获得信息”主观地进步裁决。 为此我国企业应该积极应诉: (1)在应诉过程中要争取进口商和国外用户的协助; (2)应聘请一位熟悉反倾销应诉业务、工作经验丰富、认真负责的律师为我方的诉讼代理人; (3)选择合适的“替代经济国”; (4)如果我国企业对进口国当局的最终裁决不服,可以上诉法院,要求进行司法审查。 4.通过政府交涉、企业抗辨、律师游说,力争就市场经济问题、替代国问题等从局部打开缺口,进而充分利用其先例效应,争取早日彻底解决“非市场经济”问题,扭转被动局面,减少出口反倾销案的发生。 5.密切关注欧美国家反倾销法的新进展。目前,对反倾销命令的规避已被主要反倾销国家渲染成为一个重大问题。美国在《1998年综合贸易法》中开始对反规避正式立法,并曾力图将有关规则纳入乌拉圭回合反倾销守则,最终由于缔约各方 意见 文理分科指导河道管理范围浙江建筑工程概算定额教材专家评审意见党员教师互相批评意见 不一,introduced a number of leading creative talents, and then the "introduction of a high-end talent, bringing an innovative team, a mainstay of the economy," the derivative effect, improving the competitiveness of inner. (C) improvement of science "three" working method. This year, the State will supply side as part of economic structural reform a top priority, structural reforms will create regional industrial transfer and investment direction change. For this change, we have to adapt domestic economic trends in quality and efficiency upgrades, find the right investment trends of the County and docking points, improved ways to improve effectiveness. One is the investment promotion policy to further clarify. To develop "three a" preferential policies, the County policy investment, not to engage in vicious competition in the County. Incentives to attract foreign investment must be clear, no investment on town street, investment task tasks departments and staff, enterprise investment enterprises, three level, have clear criteria for award. To implement the "enclave economy", the street attract projects according to the industrial development of the town planning zone landed, after tax, all included in the attract target in town street, 50% into account the task of landing zone indicators. To make "three one" promo, ... ... Advantages and policy advocacy. To implemented joint trial joint batch system, a new industrial project landing must after sent modified, and Tsunenobu, and environmental, and safety, and land, and tax, and financial, sector joint analysis argument, on environmental policy, and acres are tax, and technology, and resources using, and market prospects, for analysis, on environmental, and capacity, and security, and social stable for risk assessment, not after joint trial joint batch of project cannot landing. To increase its support for the introduction of talent, entrepreneurship, innovation talent on a class, class b business, creative talent, such as different levels of talent, in areas 山东工商学院2011届毕业论文 未达成一致反规避条款。不过美国在1994年1月1日生效的“乌拉圭回合协议法”中强化了反规避措施。欧共体也早在1987年6月通过的1761/87号反倾销条例中做了反规避规定,后来通过自1995年1月1日施行的欧盟理事会第3283/94号反倾销条例第13条对该问题做了更加具体和更加严密的专门规定。 在未来的国际贸易中，由于我国在企业中存在不想给予员工过多的利益而宁愿把这些利益浪费在外国征收的反倾销税中的经济变态心理还将影响我国贸易遭反倾销调查。由于反倾销的合法性，在未来也将伴随贸易的发展而形成特殊的形式。许多国家提出反倾销主要是为了给国内企业争取点时间，我国出口产品技术含量低，在这一段时间之外很容易就可以仿制相关代替品。而我过相关体制的不健全又给了他们可趁之机。出口的单一性和中间环节少以及技术含量不高使得我国在会计中间环节也过于暴露，无法提供有力的证据。 所以，在今后的国际贸易中，应该加大对反倾销的研究和相关体制的建设，各个部门密切合作，使得反倾销调查降低到正常水平。但是要达到这一目标，我们面临的困难也不小，只有积极采取措施才能应对不断变化的反倾销形式。 7 参考文献 [1] 曹琼(国外对华反倾销原因分析及我国对策研究[,](江苏商论，2005，(2)( [2] 项芳印(反倾销情况剖析及对策[,](经济师，2005，(6)( [3] 劳星星(反倾销制度比较研究[,](辽宁税务高等专科学校学报，2005，(1)( [4] 钟洁，李坚(析近年来我国屡遭反倾销的原因和对策[,](商场现代化，2006，(4). [5] 周宏燕(中国对外反倾销现状研究[,](技术经济，2006，(1)( [6] 张旭鹏(试论国际贸易中的倾销、反倾销及我国的应对策略[,](科技咨讯，2006，(2)( [7] Jacob Viner,Dumping:A Problem in International Trade.New York,Augustus M.Kelly Publishers,1993 reprints of economic classics,1996. [8] 杨仕辉.反倾销份的国际比较、博弈与我国对策研究[M].北京:科学出版社，2005. 美国偏好反倾销的原因分析[J].对外经贸实务，2008,(2) [9] 杨韶艳. [10] David Palmeter,“A Commentary on the WTO Anti Dumping Code”Journal of World Trade,30(4),pp.43-71,1996. introduced a number of leading creative talents, and then the "introduction of a high-end talent, bringing an innovative team, a mainstay of the economy," the derivative effect, improving the competitiveness of inner. (C) improvement of science "three" working method. This year, the State will supply side as part of economic structural reform a top priority, structural reforms will create regional industrial transfer and investment direction change. For this change, we have to adapt domestic economic trends in quality and efficiency upgrades, find the right investment trends of the County and docking points, improved ways to improve effectiveness. One is the investment promotion policy to further clarify. To develop "three a" preferential policies, the County policy investment, not to engage in vicious competition in the County. Incentives to attract foreign investment must be clear, no investment on town street, investment task tasks departments and staff, enterprise investment enterprises, three level, have clear criteria for award. To implement the "enclave economy", the street attract projects according to the industrial development of the town planning zone landed, after tax, all included in the attract target in town street, 50% into account the task of landing zone indicators. To make "three one" promo, ... ... Advantages and policy advocacy. To implemented joint trial joint batch system, a new industrial project landing must after sent modified, and Tsunenobu, and environmental, and safety, and land, and tax, and financial, sector joint analysis argument, on environmental policy, and acres are tax, and technology, and resources using, and market prospects, for analysis, on environmental, and capacity, and security, and social stable for risk assessment, not after joint trial joint batch of project cannot landing. To increase its support for the introduction of talent, entrepreneurship, innovation talent on a class, class b business, creative talent, such as different levels of talent, in areas 山东工商学院2011届毕业论文 以下是尾注～不必打印～但一定不能删除～否则文中引用将出错: 9