3000字英文文献翻译

3000字英文文献翻译篇一：3000字英文参考文献及其翻译范例3000字英文参考文献及其翻译【注意：选用的英文一定要与自己的论文题目相关。假设文章太长，可以节选〔用省略号省略一些段略〕。假设字数不够，可以选2至3篇，但要逐一注明详细出处。英文集中在一起放前面，对应的中文翻译放后面。中文翻译也要将出处翻译，除非是网页。对文献的翻译一定要认真！对英文文献及其翻译的排版也要和论文正文一样！特别注意：英文文献应该放在你的参考文献中。】TOYRECALLS——ISCHINATHEPROBLEM？Hari.BapujiPaulW.BeamishChinaexportsabout20billiontoysperyearandtheyarethesecondmostmonlyimporteditembyU.S.andCanada.Itisestimatedthatabout10,000factoriesinChinamanufacturetoysforexport.Consideringthismutualdependence,itisimportantthattheproblemsresultinginrecallsareaddressedcarefully.AlthoughthelargestportionofrecallsbyMattelinvolveddesignflaws,theCEOofMattelblamedtheChinesemanufacturersbysayingthattheproblemresulted‘inthiscase〔because〕oneofourmanufacturersdidnotfollowtherules’.SeveralanalyststooblamedtheChinesemanufacturers.Byplacingblamewhereitdidnotbelong,thereisadangeroflosingtheopportunitytolearnfromtheerrorsthathaveoccurred.Thefirststeptolearnfromerrorsistoknohyandwheretheerroroccurred.Further,themostcriticalstepinpreventingtherecurrenceoferrorsistofindoutwhatandwhocanpreventit.……From::///loadpage.aspx玩具召回——是中国的问题吗？哈里·巴普基保罗·比密什中国每年大约出口20亿美元的玩具，最常见是从美国和加拿大进口 工程 路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理 。据估计，中国大约有10000家玩具制造工厂从事玩具出口。考虑到这种互相依存，在召回时慎重处理是很重要的。尽管绝大局部美泰的玩具召回涉及设计缺陷，但是，美泰公司的首席执行官指责中国制造商说，导致这种问题的原因“是因为我们的一些制造商不遵守规那么〞。一些分析师也指责中国制造商。把责任归咎于不存在错误的地方是危险的行为，这将使得我们丧失从继有的错误中汲取教训的时机。第一步是要从错误中学习知道为什么发生错误和哪里发生了错误。此外，防止错误的再次发生最关键的一步是要找出什么以及谁可以阻止它。来源：:///loadpage.aspx篇二：安卓系统的操作与应用外文文献翻译2022年译文3000字文献出处：PhilippeNier,TheoperationandapplicationofAndroidsystem[J].InternationalJournalonputerScienceEngineering,2022，13〔05〕：15-26〔声明：本译文归百度文库所有，完好译文请到百度文库。〕原文TheOperationandApplicationofAndroidSystemPhilippe·NierI.INTRODUCTIONAndroidisasoftwarestackformobiledeviceswhichincludesanoperatingsystem,middlewareandkeyapplications.Sinceitsofficialpublicrelease,Androidhascapturedtheinterestfrompanies,developersandthegeneralaudience.Fromthattimeuptonow,thissoftwareplatformhasbeenconstantlyimprovedeitherintermsoffeaturesorsupportedhardwareand,atthesametime,extendedtonewtypesofdevicesdifferentfromtheoriginallyintendedmobileones.Googleenteredintothemobilemarketnotasahandsetmanufacturer,butbylaunchingmobileplatformcalledas“Android〞formobiledevicessuchasSmartphones,PDAandnetbookson5thNovember2022.GooglehasavisionthatAndroidbasedcellphonewillhaveallthefunctionsavailableinthelatestPC.Inordertomakethiseffortpossible,GooglelaunchedtheOpenHandsetAlliance.GoogleintroducedAndroidasanOSwhichrunsthepowerfulapplicationsandgivestheusersachoicetoselecttheirapplicationsandtheircarriers.TheAndroidplatformismadebykeepinginmindvarioussetsofuserswhocanusetheavailablecapacitywithinAndroidatdifferentlevels.Androidisgainingstrengthbothinthemobileindustryandinotherindustrieswithdifferenthardwarearchitectures.Theincreasinginterestfromtheindustryarisesfromtwocoreaspects:itsopen-sourcenatureanditsarchitecturalmodel.Beinganopen-sourceproject,Androidallowsustofullyanalyzeandunderstandit,whichenablesfeatureprehension,bugfixing,furtherimprovementsregardingnewfunctionalitiesandfinally,portingtonewhardware.Ontheotherhand,itsLinuxkernel-basedarchitecturemodelalsoaddstheuseofLinuxtothemobileindustry,allowingtotakeadvantageoftheknowledgeandfeaturesofferedbyLinux.TheAndroidplatformconsistsofseverallayerswhichprovideapletesoftwarestack.AndroidapplicationsareJava-basedandthisfactorentailstheuseofavirtualmachineVMenvironment,withitsadvantages.AndroidusesitsownVMcalledDalvik,whichinterpretsandexecutesportableJava-stylebytecodeaftertransformingit,whichisoptimizedtooperateonthemobileplatform.AlloftheseaspectsmakeAndroidanappealingtargettobeusedinothertypeofenvironments.Theremainderofthispaperisorganizedasfollows:SectionIIbrieflydescribestheAndroid’sbackgroundincludingarchitecture,featuresprogrammingframework.SectionIIIpresentsdetailedanalysisofAndroidmarketincludingparisonwithSymbianWindowsMobile.FinallySectionIVconcludesthispaper.II.ANDROIDBACKGROUNDA.AndroidArchitectureAndroidArchitectureisshowninfig1,whichconsistofnumberoflayersasApplications,Applicationframework,Libraries,AndroidruntimeLinuxkernel【1】.Applicationlayeristheuppermostlayerwhichprovidesasetofcoreapplicationsincludinganemail,SMSprogram,calendar,maps,browser,contacts,andothers.AllapplicationsarewrittenusingtheJavaprogramminglanguage.Itshouldbementionedthatapplicationscanberunsimultaneously;itispossibletohearmusicandreadanemailatthesametime.TheApplicationFrameworkisasoftwareframeworkthatisusedtoimplementastandardstructureofanapplicationforaspecificoperatingsystem.Withthehelpofmanagers,contentprovidersandotherservicesprogrammersitcanreassemblefunctionsusedbyotherexistingapplications.LayerwhichispresentbelowApplicationframeworkconsistoftwopartsasLibrarieswhichareallwritteninC/C++.TheywillbecalledthroughaJavainterface.ThisincludestheSurfaceManager,2Dand3Dgraphics,MediaCodecslikeMPEG-4andMP3,theSQLdatabaseSQLiteandthewebbrowserengineWebKit.SecondpartisAndroidRuntimewhichincludesasetofcorelibrariesthatprovidesmostofthefunctionalityavailableinthecorelibrariesoftheJavaprogramminglanguage.EveryAndroidapplicationrunsinitsownprocess,withitsowninstanceoftheDalvikvirtualmachine.TheDalvikVMexecutesfilesintheDalvikExecutable(.dex)formatwhichisoptimizedforminimalmemoryfootprint.ThelowestlayerisLinuxKernel,AndroidbasicallyreliesonLinuxversion2.6forcoresystemservicessuchassecurity,memorymanagement,processmanagement,networkstack,anddrivermodel.Thekernelalsoactsasanabstractionlayerbetweenthehardwareandtherestofthesoftwarestack.B.FeaturesofAndroidGoogleAndroidhasmanyfeatureswhichmakeitspecial,butoneimportantfeatureisDalvikvirtualmachine(DVM)【5】.WhichisamajorponentofAndroidplatform.ItisoptimizedforlowmemoryrequirementsandisdesignedtoallowmultipleVMinstancestorunatthesametime.TheDVMrunsJavaapplications.However,itisdifferentfromstandardJavavirtualmachineinsomeways.First,mostvirtualmachinesuseastack-basedarchitecture,butDalvikisaregister-basedarchitecture.Second,DalvikrunsJavaapplicationswhichhavebeentransformedintotheDalvikExecutable(.dex)formatwhichisoptimizedforminimalmemoryfootprintTheDalvikVMreliesontheLinuxkernelforunderlyingfunctionalitysuchasthreadingandlow-levelmemorymanagement.Javavirtualmachinetoolinterface(JVMTI)isanativeprogramminginterfaceonJavavirtualmachine.Theinterfaceprovidesfunctionalitiestoinspectthestateofavirtualmachine,gatherinformationduringruntime,andalsocontroltheexecutionofapplicationsrunningontheJavavirtualmachine.AndroidhasbuiltinintegratedbrowserbasedontheopensourceWebKitenginebuiltinpowerfulSQLdatabaseenginecalledSQLite,useforstructureddatastorage.Androidsupportformonaudio,video,andstillimageformatssuchasAAC,MPEG4,H.264,MP3,AMR,containsRichdevelopmentenvironmentincludingadeviceemulator,toolsfordebugging,aplug-infortheEclipse.C.AndroidProgrammingFrameworkTheenvironmentrequirestodevelopapplicationforAndroidconsistsoftheAndroidSDK,theEclipseIDEandtheJavaDevelopmentKit(JDK)whichhastobepreinstalledfortheinstallationofboth,AndroidSDKandEclipse.Thefollowingversionsofthetoolsmentionedaboveareusedpresentedinfigurebelow.1)AndroidSoftwareDevelopmentKit:TheAndroidSDKincludesaprehensivesetofdevelopmenttools.Theseincludelibraries,ahandsetemulator,documentation,samplecode,tutorialstoolssuchasdx-DalvikCross-Assembler,aapt–AndroidAssetPackagingTooladb–AndroidDebugBridge.ApplicationsarewrittenusingtheJavaprogramminglanguageandrunonDalvik,acustomvirtualmachinedesignedforembeddedusewhichrunsontopofaLinuxkernel.Theofficiallysupportedintegrateddevelopmentenvironment(IDE)isEclipse(3.2orlater)2)AndroidEmulator:TheAndroidSDKincludesamobiledeviceemulator--avirtualmobiledevicethatrunsonyourputer.Theemulatorletsyouprototype,develop,andtestAndroidapplicationswithoutusingaphysicaldevice.TheAndroidemulatormimicsallofthehardwareandsoftwarefeaturesofatypicalmobiledevice,exceptthatitcannotreceiveorplaceactualphonecalls.Itprovidesavarietyofnavigationandcontrolkeys,whichyoucan"press"usingyourmouseorkeyboardtogenerateeventsforyourapplication.Italsoprovidesascreeninwhichyourapplicationisdisplayed,togetherwithanyotherAndroidapplicationsrunning.Toletyoumodelandtestyourapplicationmoreeasily,theemulatorsupportsAndroidVirtualDevice(AVD)configurations.AVDsletyouspecifytheAndroidplatformthatyouwanttorunontheemulator,aswellasthehardwareoptionsandemulatorskinfilesthatyouwanttouse.III.ANDROIDMARKETANALYSISA.AndroidMarketTheAndroidMarket,anonlinesoftwarestore,isdevelopedbyGoogleforAndroiddevices.ItwasmadeavailabletousersonOctober22,2022.MostoftheAndroiddevicesewithpreinstalled“Market〞applicationwhichallowsuserstobrowse,buy,download,andratedifferentavailableapplicationsandothercontentformobilephonesequippedwiththeopen-sourceoperatingsystem.UnlikewiththeiPhoneAppStore,thereisnorequirementthatAndroidappsshouldbeacquiredfromAndroidMarket【2】.Androidappsmaybeobtainedfromanysourceincludingadeveloper'sownwebsite.Also,Androiddeveloperscancreatetheirownapplicationmarket.GoogledoesnothaveastrictrequirementfortheapplicationtoshowupontheAndroidMarketparedtotheprocessusedbyApple.Lastly,theAndroidMarketfollowsa70/30revenue-sharingmodelforapplicationsdevelopedbydevelopers.Thedevelopersofpricedapplicationsreceive70%oftheapplicationpriceandremaining30%distributes.AsofMay04,2022,Androidappshitaround49,000applicationswhichwerearound12,500inAugust2022and20,000inDecember2022.Theglobalsmartphonesellinsecondquarterof20222022areshownbellow.B.Androidvs.Symbianvs.WindowsMobileparisonisbasedonmaincriteriaasfollows.1)Portability:Portabilityisaveryimportantassessmentcriterion.SymbianOShasmanyreferencesinthisareaandhavingstandardizedarchitectureandtheopennesstosoftware.ButthefactthatSymbianmostlyrunsonNokiacellphonesandthatitisnotJavabasedletsitfallbehindAndroid.UnfortunatelyWindowsMobilealsohasseveralapplicationsthatarespecifictocertainhardwareplatformsandthereforearenotportable.TheAndroidMobileplatformisaLinuxJavabasedwhichallowustouseitonmanydifferentplatformsunlikeSymbianWinMobile.AsaresultAndroidgetsonepoint,SymbianOSgetshalfapointandWindowsMobilezeropoints.译文安卓系统的操作与应用菲利普·尼埃1引言安卓是一个包括操作系统和关键应用程序的挪动软件堆栈设备。自谷歌官方公开发布该系统以来，安卓吸引了公司、开发人员和群众的兴趣。从那时到如今，这一软件平台不断的得到改善，支持更多的硬件，同时扩展到许多新类型的设备上。从此，谷歌进入了市场而不是作为一个制造商，不过谷歌于2022年11月5日推出自己的“Android〞的智能、PDA等挪动设备。谷歌的愿景是安装Android系统的将可以拥有与最新的电脑一样的所有功能。为了使这篇三：体验营销外文文献翻译2022年译文3000多字文献出处：AdeosunLPK,GaniyuRA.ExperientialMarketing:AnInsightintotheMindoftheConsumer[J].AsianJournalofBusinessandManagementSciences,2022,2(7):21-26.〔声明：本译文归百度文库所有，完好译文请到百度文库。〕原文ExperientialMarketing:AnInsightintotheMindoftheConsumerLadipoPatrickKunleAdeosun，RahimAjaoGaniyu1INTRODUCTIONInrecentyears,therehasbeenincreasedinterestinbuildingandenhancingcustomerexperienceamongresearchersandpractitioners.paniesareshiftingtheirattentionandeffortsfrompremiumpricesorsuperiorqualitytomemorableexperiences.Also,thevaluecreatedbymemorableoruniquecustomerexperiencesandemotionsexertsignificantimpactonorganizationalperformanceintermsofcustomersatisfaction,retentionandloyalty.Experientialmarketingisthenewapproachwhichviewsmarketingasanexperienceandtreatsconsumptionlikeatotalexperiment,bytakingcognizanceoftherationalandemotionalaspectsofconsumptionusingeclecticmethods.WeareintheeraofSchmitt(2022)distinguishesbetweenfivetypesofexperiencethatmarketerscancreateforcustomerstoinclude;sensoryexperience(sense),affectiveexperience(feel),creativecognitiveexperience(think),physicalexperience,behaviorsandlifestyles(act),andsocial-identityexperience,allrelatingtoareferencegrouporculture(relate).Theauthorpositsthattheultimategoalofexperientialmarketingistocreateholisticexperiencethatseektointegratealltheseindividualtypesofexperiencesintototalcustomerexperience.AccordingtoPineandGilmore(1999),economicdevelopmentisgeneratinganewanddynamiceraofexperiences,whichchallengethetraditionalsalesapproachfocusingonproductsalesandserviceoffering.Andinordertoenhanceconsumers'emotionalconnectionstothebrandandprovideapointofdifferentiationinapetitiveoligopoly,retailershaveturnedtheirattentiontocreatingmemorableretailexperiences,whichtrytoappealtoconsumersatbothphysicalaswellaspsychologicallevels.Theemergenceandspreadofshoppingmalls,supermarketsandhypermarketsinbothdevelopedanddevelopingcountries,heightenedpetitionforconsumersTheterm"ExperientialMarketing"referstoactualcustomerexperiencewiththeproduct/servicethatdrivesalesandincreasebrandimageandawareness.Whendoneright,it'sthemostpowerfultechniquetowinbrandloyalty.Olorunniwoetal.,(2022)concludedthatcustomerexperienceisrelatedtobehavioralintentionsandconnectingtheaudiencewiththeauthenticnatureofthebrandisoneoftheprimegoalofexperientialmarketing.Thisisachievedthroughparticipationinpersonallyrelevant,credibleandmemorableencounters.Shoppinghasbeenconsideredasearchprocesswhereshopperswouldliketoensurethattheymaketherightdecisions.Inaddition,theyalsointendtoderiveemotionalsatisfaction(Tauber,1972).Ithasbeenfoundthatahighlevelofbrandawarenessmaynottranslateintosales.Proactiveorganizationshouldconsidereveryvisitoftheshopperasadistinctencounterandamomentoftruth.Unlesstheinteractionissatisfactory,thenextvisitmaynotguaranteed.Therefore,ifthestoredoesnotprovideapellingreasonforarepeatpatronage,theamountofpurchasepervisitmaylikelydecline(Zeithaml,1998).Thegrowingsignificanceofexperientialmarketinghasresultedintodiverseandfascinatingstudyontheconcept(e.g.Csikzentmihalyi,1997;Schmitt1999;PineandGilmore1999;Holbrook,2000;Arnouldetal.,2022;CaruandCova,2022tomentionafew).However,thedynamicsofconsumerbehaviorhavenecessitatedtheneedformorepapers.Withfewexceptions,theexistingexperientialretailliteraturehasfocusedmainlyontheisolatedtestingofstaticdesignelements(i.e.atmospherics,ambientconditions,andservicescapearchitecture)ofretailstores(TurleyandMilliman,2000).McCole(2022)inparticularrecognizesthisdearthofacademicresearchintheareasofexperientialandeventmarketingasanindicationofthedivisionbetweenacademiaandbusinessandcallsformarketingtheoryintheseareastobemorecloselyalignedwithpractice.Similarly,Gupta,(2022)identifiedalackofsystemicbodyofknowledgeandconceptualframeworkonwhichtobasescientificinquiryasakeytenetofexperientialmarketing.Thecurrentstudyseekstoaddresssomeofthesegapsintheliterature.Inconsequencethispaperaimstogaugeconsumers'responsestoexperientialmarketinginmodernretailoutletsandanalyzetheeffectofexperientialmarketingonconsumerbehavior.2.CONCEPTUALBACKGROUNDExperienceasdefinedwithintherealmofmanagementisapersonaloccurrencewithemotionalsignificancecreatedbyaninteractionwithproductorbrandrelatedstimuli(HolbrookandHirschman,1982).Forthistobeeexperientialmarketingtheresultmustbe“somethingextremelysignificantandunforgettablefortheconsumerimmersedintheexperience〞(CaruandCova,2022,p.273).AccordingtoSchmitt(1999)experientialmarketingishowtogetcustomerstosense,feel,think,act,andrelatewiththepanyandbrands.Customersatisfactionisakeyouteofexperientialmarketingandisdefinedasthe“customerfulfillmentresponse〞whichisanevaluationaswellasanemotion-basedresponsetoaservice.ItisanindicationofthecustomerExperientialmarketinginvolvesthemarketingofaproductorservicethroughexperienceandintheprocessthecustomerbeesemotionallyinvolvedandconnectedwiththeobjectoftheexperience(Marthurs,1971).Awelldesignedexperienceengagestheattentionandemotionoftheconsumer,andbeesmemorableandallowsforafreeinterpretation,asitisnon-partisan(Hoch,2022).Incontrasttotraditionalmarketingwhichfocusesongainingcustomersatisfaction,experientialmarketingcreatesemotionalattachmentfortheconsumers(McCole,2022).ThesensoryoremotionalelementofatotalexperiencehasagreaterimpactonshapingconsumerpreferencesthantheproductorserviceattributesZaltman(2022).Thebenefitsofapositiveexperienceincludethevalueitprovidestheconsumer(Babinetal.,1994;Holbrook,1999)andthepotentialforbuildingcustomerloyalty.Experientialretailstrategiesfacilitatethecreationofemotionalattachments,whichhelpcustomersobtainahigherdegreeofpossessivecontroloverin-storeactivities(Schmitt,2022).Thesestrategiesallowconsumerstobeeimmersedwithintheholisticexperiencedesign,whichoftencreatesaflowofexperiences.AffectivereactionbasedonaninteractionwithanobjectcanbedescribedasapersonExperientialeventscanturnouttocreatebothconsumerandconsumptionexperiencesandcanbyfarmoreeffectiveinattainingmunicationgoals.CaruandCova(2022)conceptualizationofexperience,andCsikzentmihalyi(1997)experiencetypologyand7levelofchallenges,newness,surprise,andmatchingitwiththeaudienceThestrategicexperientialmarketingframeworkconsistsoffivestrategicexperientialmodelswhichcreatedifferentformsofexperienceforcustomers.Thefivebasesofthestrategicexperientialmodulesare:(1)Sensoryexperience:thesensoryexperienceofcustomerstowardsexperientialmediaincludesvisual,auditory,olfactoryandtactileresponseresults.(2)Emotionalexperience:theinneremotionandsenseofcustomersraisedbyexperiencemedia.(3)Thinkingexperience:customers'thoughtsonthesurpriseandenlightenmentprovokedbyexperiencemedia.(4)Actionexperience:istheavenuethroughwhichexperiencemedia,linkedcustomerssothattheycanacquiresocialidentityandsenseofbelonging.(5)Relatedexperienceforcustomers:isactualizesthroughtheexperienceofmediaproductionlinks,andtosocialrecognition.3METHODOLOGYANDMETHODSThisstudy,beingdescriptiveandexplanatory,utilizedsecondarysourcesofinformation.Secondaryinformationisagoodsourceofdatacollectionanddocumentationthatcannotbeunder-estimatedasitprovidesnecessarybackgroundandmuchneededcontextwhichmakesre-useamoreworthwhileandsystemicendeavour(Bishop,2022).4.DISCUSSIONANDCONCLUSIONSTheretailingbusinessisconstantlychangingandexperiencinghugetrendsduetochangingconsumertastes,consumptionpatternsandbuyingbehaviors.Asaresultofthechangingconsumershoppingecosystem,retailersTraditionalmarketingstrategiesfocusingonpriceorqualityarenolongerasourceofdifferentiationandpetitiveadvantage.Researchersadvocatethatoneof?3000字英文文献翻译?