农村正规金融论文：中国农户正规信贷约束研究

农村正规金融论文：中国农户正规信贷约束研究 【中文摘要】中国农村金融体制改革以来,正规金融机构的办事效率以及农村金融贷款的覆盖率都得到了一定程度地提高。但是,近年来的一些调查研究表明,农户依然面临着比较严重的正规信贷约束。正规信贷约束不仅来自于正规金融机构的信贷配给,还来自于借款者本身由于种种原因形成的需求压抑而引致的需求型信贷约束。本文的研究 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 主要是考察导致农户正规信贷约束的真实原因,分析影响农户正规信贷约束的主要因素,从而有针对性地提出解决信贷约束问题的政策建议,促进农村金融市场的健康发展。本文基于2009年“中国农村金融调查”的专项入户调研数据,采用需求可识别probit模型,对农户的正规信贷约束问题进行经验研究,实证检验不同因素对需求型和供给型两类信贷约束各自产生的影响。根据实证检验结果,本文得出如下几点主要结论:第一,土地规模对需求型和供给型信贷约束的影响都不显著,这与我们的预期是一致的,土地依然不是有效的抵押品。第二,农户的收入和资产状况没有成为正规金融机构决定其是否发放贷款的衡量标准。第三,在中国农村,农户的风险倾向都偏于保守,并没有随着年龄的增加而有所改变。第四,小组联保的小额信贷的推广,有利于降低农户受到的供给型信贷约束。第五,对农户进行信用评级,给予其贷款证或其他表面信用状况的 证明 住所证明下载场所使用证明下载诊断证明下载住所证明下载爱问住所证明下载爱问 ,有利于降低农户受到的需求型和供给型信贷约束。第六,农户与金融机构是否有关系没有显著地影响正规信贷约束,关系不是信贷约束的决定因素。农户对正规贷款的甄别机制还存在一定的认知偏差,使得他们在申请贷款时比较消极,从而导致需求型信贷约束。以上研究结论,为解决农村正规金融市场中的信贷约束问题提供了一些重要的启示。降低农户受到的需求型信贷约束,可以从以下三方面着手:降低农户申请贷款的交易成本;改变农户的认知偏差,降低由于制度性的信贷配给导致的需求抑制;增强农户的借贷意识,降低由于农户对风险的规避而引致的信贷需求抑制。降低农户的供给型信贷约束,可以从以下三方面进行改进:解决信息不对称的问题,促进农村金融机构多元化和经营方式的调整;允许农村土地承包经营权抵押,实现土地的抵押功能;进一步放松政府的信贷管制,保证利率自由化。除此之外,正规金融机构有必要针对农户信贷需求的特点,改进现有的贷款产品和服务,从而刺激和释放潜在的正规信贷需求。 【英文摘要】Since the reform of China’s rural financial system, to some extent, the efficiency of formal financial institutions as well as coverage of rural finance loans have been improved. However, in recent years, some research shows that farmers are still facing a relatively serious credit constraints. Credit constraints are not only from the formal credit rationing, but also from the borrowers themselves to form suppressed demand due to demand based credit constraints. The paper investigates the real causes leading to the formal credit constraints, analyses the important factors affecting formal credit constraints, thus, give the policy recommendations to solve the problem of credit restraint, to promote the healthy development of rural financial markets.Based on the 2009“China’s rural financial investigation”of the special home survey data, using the probit model of identified demand, this paper has the empirical research on the farmers formal credit constraints, tests the different factors affecting the demand and supply credit constraints. According to the empirical test results, the paper draws the following several major conclusions: first, the affection of the land size is not significant to the demand and supply credit constraints, which is consistent with our expectations, the land is still not a valid collateral. Second, the income and asset situation of famers is not the measure of wealther the formal financial institutions decide to give the loan. Third, in rural China, farmers are conservative and risk preferences, there is no increase with age changes. Fouth, popularize the microfinance of the group guarantees is conducive to reducing the supply based credit constraints. Fifth, rating credit of the farmers, giving the loan credit card or other proof of the credit situation is conducive to reducing the demand and supply based credit constraints. Sixth, whether the farmers and financial institutions have relationships is not significant to affect the formal credit constraints, relationships is not the decisive factor determining credit constraints. There is still a cognitive bias on the screening mechanism to the formal loans, making them relatively passive when applying for loans, resulting in demand based credit constraints.The above conclusions give some important issues to solve the credit constraints in the rural formal financial markets. Reduce the demand based credit constraints, available from the following three aspects: reduce the transaction costs of farmers applying for loans; change the cognitive bias of rural households, reducing the system of credit rationing as a result of suppressed demand; enhance awareness of household borrowing, reducing the demand based credit constraints as a result of risk aversion. Reduce the supply based credit constraints, available from the following three areas: address the problem of asymmetric information, and promote diversification of rural financial institutions and the adjustment mode of operation; allow the right to land contractual management have the mortgage, achieve the mortgage function of land; further relax government credit controls, to ensure the liberalization of interest rates. In addition, the formal financial institutions need to improve the existing loan products and services, based on the characteristics of household demand credit, to stimulate and release the potential demand for formal credit. 【关键词】农村正规金融 信贷配给 信贷约束 【英文关键词】rural formal finance      credit rationing      credit constraints 【目录】中国农户正规信贷约束研究摘要4-5Abstract5-6第1章 引言9-141.1 选题背景及意义91.2 国内外文献述评9-121.2.1 从信贷供给方角度的解释10-111.2.2 从信贷需求方角度的解释11-121.3 本文的研究思路与研究方法121.4 本文的结构安排12-131.5 本文的创新之处13-14第2章 中国农户正规信贷约束的理论分析14-192.1 农村金融及正规信贷约束概述14-152.1.1 农村金融：正规与非正规14-152.1.2 农户正规信贷约束：需求型和供给型152.2 农户正规信贷约束模型分析15-172.3 信贷约束理论沿革17-182.4 本章小结18-19第3章 中国农户正规信贷约束的现状分析19-263.1 数据说明193.2 正规信贷约束的识别与衡量19-213.2.1 早期的研究方法19-203.2.2 间接衡量方法203.2.3 直接衡量方法20-213.3 农户正规信贷约束的经验事实21-253.3.1 需求型信贷约束的事实描述21-223.3.2 供给型信贷约束的事实描述22-253.4 本章小结25-26第4章 中国农户正规信贷约束的实证分析26-374.1 计量模型的选择和说明26-274.1.1 单变量probit 模型26-274.1.2 需求可识别probit 模型274.2 变量设置及估计结果27-354.2.1 变量设置28-304.2.2 正规信贷约束影响因素实证检验30-344.2.3 单变量和需求可识别probit 模型估计结果比较34-354.3 本章小结35-37第5章 结论与政策建议37-415.1 结论37-385.2 政策建议38-41参考文献41-43致谢43-44附录A 调查问卷——家庭借款清单与信用社关系44-45附录B 调查问卷——开放性问题45-46个人简历、在学期间发表的学术论文及研究成果46