备课组活动记录

备课组 活动记录 关爱留守儿童活动记录表初三物理集体备课活动记录初中乒乓球社团活动记录电脑绘画兴趣小组活动记录电脑社团活动记录 2012年 12 月 12 日 星期 三 年级 高一 科目 英语 中心发言人 姚丽丽 备课 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 考前复习安排及月考试卷出 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 安排 会议发言纪录: 1.月考考试范围2.统一进度，本周具体安排是模块一结束，模块二的第一单元，导入+阅读知识点。穿插必修1第三四，必修2第五单元语法练习 2.讨论月考试卷的难度及出题安排 注:?每次备课组活动结束，第二天放学前把备课组活动记录通过电子文档形式上传校园网上对应的备课组一栏。 ?详细的备课 教案 中职数学基础模块教案 下载北师大版¥1.2次方程的根与系数的关系的教案关于坚持的教案初中数学教案下载电子教案下载 、试题精选请在每次活动结束后，当周上传到校园网上对应的备课组一栏。 综合卷 7 Class_____Name_____No______ 第一节 单项填空(共15小题:每小题1分，共15分) 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题 卡上将该项涂黑。 例:It’s so nice to hear from her again ______, we last met more than thirty years ago. A. What’s more B. That’s to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是D。 21. —Look at those clouds! —Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time. A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only 22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold. A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting 23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them. A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting 24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently. A. why B. how C. that D. whether 25. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he ______. A. wouldn’t B. didn’t C. hasn’t D. hadn’t 26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use 28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _____. A. some B. less C. much D. more 29. —Have you heard about that fire in the market? — Yes, fortunately no one _____. A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt 30. Our friendship _____ quickly over the weeks that followed. A. had developed B. was developing C. would develop D. developed 31. ______ at the door before you enter my room, please. A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock 33. We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced 34. Do you think this shirt is too tight ____ the shoulders? A. at B. on C. to D. across 35. Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel. A. is B. were C. has been D. had been 第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，共30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Inspiration ―Mama, when I grow up, I’m going to be one of those!‖ I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my __36__ took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was __37__ to more, my interests in the world of dance __38__ varied but that little girl’s dream of someday becoming a __39__ in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a __40__; I became a member of the company __41__ back to 1925. As I look back on that day now, it surely __42__ any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief __43__ I was halfway through rehearsals (排练) on my first day. I never actually __44__ to get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely __45__. I remember shaking with excitement. Though I was absolutely thrilled with the change, it did not come without its fair share of __46__. Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to __47__ up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme __48__ to detail (细节) and stress on practice that set us __49__. To then follow those high-energy rehearsals __50__ a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new __51__ of the words ―hard work.‖ What I thought were my physical __52__ were pushed much further than I thought __53__. I learned to make each performance better than the last. Today, when I look at the unbelievable company that I have the great __54__ of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, I see a __55__ that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow-and inspires people every day to follow their dreams. 36. A. hobby B. plan C. dream D. word 37. A connected B. expanded C. exposed D. extended 38. A. rarely B. certainly C. probably D. consistently 39. A. director B. trainer C. leader D. dancer 40. A. symbol B. memory C. truth D. reality 41. A. bouncing B. dating C. turning D. tracking 42. A. lacks B. adds C. makes D. brings 43. A. while B. since C. until D. when 44. A. Cared B. Expected C. Asked D. Decided 45. A. motivated B. relaxed C. convinced D. astonished 46. A. challenges B. profits C. advantages D. adventures 47. A. put B. mix C. build D. pick 48. A. Attention B. association C. attraction D. adaptation 49. A. apart B. aside C. off D. back 50. A. over B. by C. with D. beyond 51. A. function B. meaning C. expression D. usage 52. A. boundaries B. problems C. barriers D. efforts 53. A. necessary B. perfect C. proper D. possible 54. A. talent B. honor C. potential D. responsibility 55. A. victory B. trend C. tradition D. desire 第三部分:阅读理解(共两节，40分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。 A Made Clear The Basics of Math— Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数) and beyond. The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically. Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to ―make sense‖ of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing—and completely understandable—field of study. By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges. Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as ―the best math teacher in America,‖ is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary. With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers. If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back. 56. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover? A. Algebra. B. College Mathematics. C. Arithmetic. D. Mathematics Education. 57. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math? A. Stronger imaginative ability. B. Additional presentation skills. C. More mathematical confidence. D. Greater chances of becoming teachers. 58. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel? A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television. B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math. C. He works in Georgia State University. D. He specializes in training teachers. 59. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A. A news report. B. A book review C. A lesson plan. D. An advertisement B Peanuts to This Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. ―What could be causing everyone to act this way?‖ Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real talk I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice; flip (掷) a coin. Heads—the commander, and tails—the peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver. Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, ―My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.‖ The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington? Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmaster’s office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet! 60. What did the author’s classmates think about his report? A. Controversial. B. Ridiculous. C. Boring. D. Puzzling. 61. Why was the author confused about the task? A. He was unfamiliar with American history. B. He followed the advice and flipped a coin. C. He forgot his teacher’s instruction. D. He was new at the school. 62. The underlined word ―burning‖ in Para. 3 probably means _______. A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager 63. In the end, the author turned things around _______. A. by redoing his task B. through his own efforts C. with the help of his grandfather D. under the guidance of his headmaster C Decision-making under Stress A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision. The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways. ―Stress affects how people learn,‖ says Professor Mara Mather. ―People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.‖ For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影 像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress. This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled. The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different. Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win. This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction. 64. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______. A. keep rewards better in their memory B. recall consequences more effortlessly C. make risky decisions more frequently D. learn a subject more effectively 65. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______. A. ways of making choices B. preference for pleasure C. tolerance of punishments D. responses to suggestions 66. The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______. A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits B. men have a greater tendency to slow down C. women focus more on outcomes D. men are more likely to take risks D Wilderness ―In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.‖ This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved. As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ‖ecosystem services‖ far outweigh the gains from exploitation. Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others. I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm. This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking. 67. John Sauven holds that_____. A. many people value nature too much B. exploitation of wildernesses is harmful C. wildernesses provide humans with necessities D. the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong 68. What is the main idea of Para. 3? A. The exploitation is necessary for the poor people. B. Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials. C. Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation. D. All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally. 69. What is the author’s attitude towards this debate? A. Objective. B. Disapproving. C. Sceptical. D. Optimistic. 70. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion 第二节(共5小题 ;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 多余选项。 Empathy Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. __71__ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs. Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. __72__ There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. __73__ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear. Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. __74__ ―Academics are important. But if you don’t have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,‖ she says. What’s the best way to up your EQ (情商)? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. __75__ To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a ―sharing circle‖ with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter. A. Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person. B. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said. C. ―One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,‖ Freed says. D. Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic. E. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel. F. Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of ―emotional intelligence‖ that will help you succeed in many areas of life. G. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships. 学案 Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 核心词汇 1(Do you think our education____________(制度)needs improving? 2(The____________(气候)of southern Florida attracts thousands of tourists each winter. 3(Without practice there would be no____________(理论)( 4(The hen was old and it stopped____________(下蛋)eggs. 5. The idea____________(存在)only in the minds of us young people. 6(Professor Li has solved the____________(难题)and everyone is cheering. 7(Mars’__________(万有引力)is only about 38% of Earth’s. 8(Raising your child to tell the difference between right and wrong is one of the f____________tasks of parenthood. 9(用harm的适当形式填空 (1)Air pollution will get worse and this will be____to people～for example～it can cause cancer. (2)Rubbish can be changed into____________things. (3)Don’t____________your eyes by reading in the dim light. 10(Last night we had a discussion～which became more and more____________.Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use____________whatever happens.(violent) 1.system 2.climate 3.theory 4.laying 5.exists 6.puzzle 7.gravity 8.fundamental 9.(1)harmful,(2)harmless (3)harm 10.violent,violence 高频短语 1(________________ 及时～终于 2(________________ 下蛋 3(________________ 产生,分娩 4(________________ 轮到某人,接着 5(________________ 阻止,制止 ) 6(________________ 挡住(光线 7(________________ 感到高兴,感到振奋 8(________________ 既然 9(________________ 突发,爆发 10(________________ 密切注视,当心,提防 1.in time 2.lay eggs 3.give birth to 4.in one’s turn 5.prevent...from 6.block out 7.cheer up 8.now that,9.break out 10.watch out 重点句式 1(________________was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 随后它会变成什么没有人知道～直到38，45亿年前～这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。 2(The earth became ____________ it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球变得如此猛烈～以至于它的形状能否持久还不清楚。 3(This produced a chain reaction～which __________________. 这就产生了一系列的反应～使得生命有可能发展了。 4(We watched～________________ on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased. 我们惊奇地看着～随着地球引力的增加～宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。 5(But when I tried to step forward～I found I was carried _________ on the earth and fell over. 而当我试着向前迈步时～我发觉我被送出很远～步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍～因而我摔倒了。 6(“...walking does need a bit of practice ________________ gravity has changed.” “……既然重力改变了～走路也确实需要练一练了。” 1.What it was to become 2.so violent that 3.made it possible for life to develop 4.amazed as fire broke out,5.twice as far as 6.now that 知识详解 1.exist vi. 存在～生存 (回归课本P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 它们也生蛋～在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。 [归纳拓展] t exist on the money he’s earning. ?(牛津P697)They can’ 他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。 ?There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.有一个解决现存 地理问题的好办法。 ?No one knows how this world came into existence. 没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。 [例句探源] [即境活用] 1(完成句子 (1)巴基斯坦在战后就以一个独立的国家存在了。 Pakistan ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________country after the war. 答案:came into existence as an independent (2)就我所知～他们收入微薄～几乎无法维持生活。 As far as I know～they are paid hardly enough________ ________ ________. 答案:to exist on 2.puzzle n( 谜,难题 vt. & vi. (使)迷惑,(使)为难 (回归课本P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。 [归纳拓展] ?(牛津P1616)What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone. 令我不解的是～他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。 ?The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened. 警察仍然正在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。 [例句探源] ?Scientists have been trying to solve this puzzle for years. 多年来科学家们一直试图解开这一谜团。 ?(牛津P1616)He looked puzzled so I repeated the question. 他好像没听懂～于是我又把问题重复了一遍。 2(She lost heart since she failed in the exam.She felt________about her future. A(puzzle B(puzzling C(puzzled D(puzzles 解析:选C。后句句意:她对她的将来感到迷惑。puzzled adj.(人)迷惑的～迷惘的,puzzling adj.(物)令人迷惑的。 [即境活用] 3.pull n. & vt. 拉(力),拖,牵引力 (回归课本P30)As the rocket rose into the air～we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity. 随着火箭的升空～由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力～我们被向后推在座位上。 [归纳拓展] ?He pulled the door open and rushed out. 他拉开门～冲了出去。 ?(牛津P1604)The police car signalled to us to pull in. 警车发出信号～要我们驶向路边停靠。 ?We waved as the train pulled out of the station. 火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。 ?The doctor told me that I would pull through. 医生告诉我～我会康复的。 [例句探源] 【高效记忆】 3(用pull down,pull in,pull out,pull through填空: (1)Houses were________to make way for a new highway. 答案:pulled down (2)Cheer up:Take more exercise every day and you will________. 答案:pull through [即境活用] (3)John________behind me and parked. 答案:pulled in (4)Be careful when you ________of the driveway. 答案:pull out 4.in time 及时,终于～总有一天 (回归课本P25)They were in time to produce carbon～nitrogen～water vapour and other gases～which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. 最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体～从而形成了地球的大气层。 [归纳拓展] ?The kids will be leaving home in no time. 孩子们很快就要离开家了。 ?(朗文P2162)Will you be back in time for dinner? 你会及时赶回来吃晚饭吗, ?(朗文P2162)I should be back in time to watch the show. 我应该及时赶回来看那场演出。 ?The company fired him for not coming to work on time. 那家公司因他不按时上班而解雇了他。 [例句探源] 4(Will you be home________to see the children before they go to bed? A(on time B(in time C(at a time D(at one time 解析:选B。句意:你会在孩子们上床睡觉之前回来看他们吗,in time意为“及时”～符合 题意。on time按时,at a time每次,at one time曾经。 [即境活用] 5(________～ I lost heart in English learning～but my teacher often said to me～ “Keep on studying hard～and you’ll succeed________.” A(At a time,in time B(At a time,on time C(At one time,in time D(At one time,on time 解析:选C。考查由time 构成的固定搭配的用法。句意:曾经～我对英语学习失去信心～但老师常对我说:“坚持不懈的努力～最终会铸就你的成功。”at a time“每次”,at one time“曾经～一度”相当于once,in time“及时～迟早”～当“迟早”讲时相当于sooner or later,on time“按时～准时”。由句意知应选C。 6((2010年江西景德镇模拟)—Does he often ask you for help? —Oh～no～only________. A(all the time B(at one time C(at a time D(at times 解析:选D。all the time一直,at one time曾经,at a time一次,at times有时。 7(—I am afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday. —________. A(Don’t be afraid B(Be careful C(Not at all D(Take your time 恐怕我不能在星期五之前把这本书还给你。——慢慢来～别着急。解析:选D。句意:—— Don’t be afraid别害怕,Be careful小心～当心,Not at all一点也不,Take your time即to use as much time as you need without hurrying“不用急～慢慢来”。根据题意只有D项符合句意。 5.in one’s turn 轮到某人,接着 (回归课本P26)Thus they have～in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. 于是～他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物 。 [归纳拓展] ?When it is in my turn～I am too excited to speak. 当轮到我时～我激动得都说不出话来了。 ?The customer praised the manager～who in turn praised his staff. 顾客表扬了经理～经理转而表扬了员工。 ?All theories are derived from practice and in turn serve practice. 所有的理论都来源于实践～并反过来为实践服务。 ?Now it is your turn to look after the children. 现在轮到你照看孩子了。 [例句探源] 8(People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars～and this________creates further problems. A(in short B(in case C(in doubt D(in turn 解析:选D。in turn 在该题中的意思为“反之,反过来”。 [即境活用] 6.prevent...from... 防止某事发生 (回归课本P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere～which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中～这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。 [归纳拓展] ?(朗文P1612)Guards stood at the doors to prevent anyone from leaving. 守卫站在门口阻止任何人离开。 no one can prevent him from carrying out the plan. ?Once he has made up his mind～ 一旦他下定决心～谁也阻止不了他执行这个 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 。 ?His advice kept me from making a serious mistake. 他的忠告使我免于犯一个严重的错误。 [例句探源] 9(All possible means ________.However～nothing can________him dying of lung cancer. A(has tried,stop B(have tried,keep C(has been tried,prevent D(have been tried,stop 解析:选D。前一句的主语是All possible means～means用all 修饰～看作是复数～后面 的谓语动词要用复数形式并且用被动语态,后一句是“阻止某人做某事”～him 后省略了 from～故选D。 [即境活用] 7.cheer up (使)高兴,使振奋,感到振奋 (回归课本P31)I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger. 我立刻感到很高兴～由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去～我望着(身后的)地球越来越小～而(前 方的)月球越来越大。 [归纳拓展] ?(牛津P327)Give Mary a call; she needs cheering up. 给玛丽打个电话～她需要人安慰。 ?The good news cheered (up) everybody who heard it. 喜讯使每一个听到的人感到高兴。 ?The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang. 看到刘翔后～人群热烈欢呼起来。 ?They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports teams. 她们这样做是为了鼓励人们为她们的球队加油。 [例句探源] 10(—I’m thinking of the test tomorrow.I’m afraid I can’t pass this time. —________:I’m sure you’ll make it. A(Go ahead B(Good luck C(No problem D(Cheer up 解析:选D。句意:——我正在考虑明天考试的问题～恐怕这次我会不及格。——振作起来: 我相信你会通过的。根据上下文只有Cheer up “振作起来”符合题意～而Go ahead继续, Good luck好运气,No problem没问题～均不符合题意。 句型梳理 1【教材原句】 “...walking does need a bit of practice now_that gravity has changed.” (P31) “……既然重力改变了～走路也确实需要练一练了。” 【句法分析】 now that由于,既然～引导原因状语从句～有时that 可以省略。 ?Now that you have finished your work～you’d better have a rest. 既然你的工作已经做完了～最好休息一下吧。 ?Now (that) the weather is fine～let’s go for a ride. 既然天气那么好～我们开车去兜风吧。 ?Now you have grown up～you can make up your mind by yourself.你已长大了～可以自己做决定了。 [易混辨析] because～since～as～for～now that (1)because语气最强～一般指事情发生的直接原因～回答提问时～一般放在主句之后。 (2)since语气较弱～指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因～侧重主句～从句表示显然的或已知的理由。 (3)as语气比because弱～所引导的从句表示的是显而易见的原因和理由～从句一般放在主句前。 (4)for是并列连词～表示推断的原因～或对前一分句补充说明理由。for表示这一用法时需放在两句之间。 ?He was absent from the meeting because he was ill yesterday. ?Since you can’t answer the question～I’ll ask someone else. ?As there was no answer～we wrote him again. ?It must have rained last night～for the ground is wet. [即境活用] 11(________you’ve got a chance～you might as well make full use of it. A(Now that B(After C(Although D(As soon as 解析:选A。句意:既然你得到了一次机会～不妨充分利用它。 12(—Did you return Fred’s call? —I didn’t need to________I’ll see him tomorrow. A(though B(unless C(when D(because 解析:选D。根据语意看～后面的句子表示“没有必要的原因”～所以用because。 2【教材原句】 But when I tried to step forward～I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(P31) 而当我试着向前迈步的时候～我发觉我被送出去很远～步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍～因而我摔倒了。 【句法分析】 倍数的表达方式。 (1)“A，倍数，形容词或副词的比较级，than，B”～表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。 (2)“A，倍数，as，形容词或副词的原级，as，B”～表示“A是B的多少倍”。 (3)“A，倍数，the size/height/length/width～etc.，of，B”～表示“A是B的多少倍”。 (4)A，倍数，what从句。 ?There are five times more books in our library than in yours. 我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆里的书多五倍。 ?Our city has experienced twice as much rain this year as it did last year. 我们的城市今年的降雨量是去年的两倍。 ?My house is twice the size of my parents’( 我的房子是我父母的两倍大。 ?The production now is three times what it was ten years ago. 现在的产量是10年前的3倍。 [即境活用] (2009年高考辽宁卷)Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s～but it 13( cost________ his. A(as much twice as B(twice as much as C(much as twice as D(as twice much as 解析:选B。句意:彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样～但是却是他的价钱的两倍。考查倍 数句型“倍数，as，原级，as...”。 14(Ten years ago the population of our village was ________that of theirs. A(as twice large as B(twice as large as C(twice as much as D(as twice much as 解析:选B。句意:十年前我们村的人口是他们村的两倍。population往往与large或small 搭配～且形容词比较级的结构之一为:倍数，as，形容词原级，as...。 学案 2 Unit 5 Canada,“The True North” 、 核心词汇 1(People found the little match girl dead in the street at____________(黎明)( 2(This problem is only____________(稍稍)difficult～but I can work it out easily. 3(The two governments have settled their differences over their common____________(边界)( 4. The Chinese people have the____________(传统)of respecting the old and loving the young. 5(When we____________(测量)the yard～we found it was twenty feet long and fifteen feet wide. 6(The man has ____________(宽阔的)shoulders and looks handsome. 7(I’ll go____________(市区)tomorrow.Do you want to go with me? 8(When they saw the ____________scene～everyone on the spot felt____________and couldn’t say a word.(terrify) 9(用impress的适当形式填空 (1)So charming are the sights of Jiuzhaigou that they leave a deep____________on visitors from home and abroad. (2)To tell you the truth～I was deeply ____________by his excellent speech. 10(With so many trees and flowers____________it～the school looks very nice.I’ d like to bring up my child in healthy ____________～so I would like to send him to it.(surround) 1.dawn 2.slightly 3.border 4.tradition 5.measured 6.broad 7.downtown 8.terrifying,terrified 9.(1)impression (2)impressed 10.surrounded,surroundings 高频短语 1(________________ 与其,不愿 2(________________ 被……包围 3(________________ 定居,平静下来,专心于 4(________________ 设法做 5(________________ 看见,瞥见 6(________________ 对……有天赋 7(________________ 在远处 8(________________ 远到,直到,至于 9(________________ 在黎明～在拂晓 10(________________ 给……留下深刻印象 1.rather than 2.be surrounded by/with 3.settle down 4.manage to do 5.catch sight of 6.have a gift for 7.in the distance 8.as far as 9.at dawn 10.impress...on/upon 重点句式 1(________________～they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada. 她们不想一路乘飞机～而决定先飞到温哥华～再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。 2(It is ________wet there ________ the trees are extremely tall～some ________over 90 metres. 那里的湿度很大～所以树都长得特别高～一些高达90多米。 s too bad you can’t go________________ Ottawa～Canada’s capital. 3(It’ 很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。 4(As they sat in a buffet restaurant________________the broad St Lawrence River～a young man sat down with them. 当她们坐在一家自助餐厅里眺望广阔的圣劳伦斯河时～一个年轻人坐到了她们身边。 知识详解 1.Rather than take the aeroplane all the way 2.so,that, measuring 3.as far as 4.looking over 1.surround vt.& vi. 包围,围绕 (回归课本P34)People say it is Canada’s most beautiful city～surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean. 人们说温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市～被大山和太平洋环抱。 [归纳拓展] [例句探源] ?(牛津P2036)As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness. 幼年时我备受关爱。 ?They surrounded the house and garden with a fence. 他们用一道篱笆把房子和花园围住。 ?We are living in pleasant surroundings. 我们生活在舒适的环境中。 [即境活用] 1(When I got home～I found my son was playing on the carpet～________by all kinds of toys. A(surrounding B(surrounded C(surrounds D(having surrounded 解析:选B。由句子结构可知此处应使用非谓语动词可排除C项～再由the carpet与surround之间是被动关系可排除A、D两项～此处是过去分词作状语～故选B。 2.distance n( 距离,远方,遥远,疏远 v( 不介入,与……疏远 (回归课本P38)In the distance～they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls～which is on the south side of the lake. 远处～她们可以看到在湖的南边尼亚加拉大瀑布上方升腾着的雾霭。 [归纳拓展] [例句探源] ?The picture looks beautiful at a distance. 那幅画远看显得很美。 ?We saw lights in the distance. 我们看到了远处的点点灯光。 ?My parents live within walking distance of me. 我父母住在我家附近。 ?(牛津P579)She was warned to keep her distance from Charles if she didn’t want to get hurt. 有人告诫她说～如果不想受到伤害～就与查尔斯离得远一点。 [即境活用] 2(The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a________of 60 miles. A(length B(distance C(way D(space 解析:选B。考查名词辨析。“a distance of，数字”表示“……距离”。 3.measure vi.& vt. 测量,衡量,判定 n( 计量制,计量单位,措施 (回归课本P34)It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall～some measuring over 90 metres. 那儿的湿度很大～所以树都长得特别高～一些高达90多米。 [归纳拓展] [例句探源] ?(朗文P1279)The nurse weighed me and measured my height. 护士称了一下我的体重～而后量了一下我的身高。 ?(朗文P1279)You can’t measure someone by the clothes they wear. 你不能以衣着衡量一个人。 ?It is high time that we should take some measures to protect endangered animals. 我们是时候应该采取措施保护濒临灭绝的动物了。 [即境活用] 3(完成句子 (1)过去～妈妈在春节来临时总是为我量身做新衣服。 In the old days～my mother always made new clothes________ ________ ________ ________with Spring Festival coming. 答案:to my own measure (2)政府对醉酒驾驶采取了强硬措施。 The government________ ________ ________ ________drunk driving. 答案:took strong measures against 4.confirm vt. 证实,证明,批准 (回归课本P38)The next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows gold and orange～and there was frost on the ground～confirming that fall were red～ had arrived in Canada. 第二天早上～在她们的车窗外到处是灌木丛和枫树～挂满朱红、赤金和橘黄色的叶子～地面 上覆盖了一层薄霜～表明了秋天已经来到了加拿大。 [归纳拓展] [例句探源] ?(牛津P415)It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week. 已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。 ?Six people have confirmed that they will be attending and ten haven’t replied yet. 已有六人证实他们将会参加但还有十人仍未答复。 ?He was confirmed as captain for the rest of the season. 他被正式任命在这个赛季剩下的一段时间内担任队长。 ?The expression on her face confirmed our fears. 她脸上的表情证实了我们的忧虑。 [即境活用] 4(The recent airplane crash________my belief that stronger safety regulations are needed. A(confirms B(combines C(conducts D(conforms 解析:选A。confirm one’s belief “坚定信念”。 5.impress vt. 使铭记,铭刻,给……留下极深的印象 (回归课本P39)Describe two or three things that impressed you most and your feelings when you experienced them. 描述2，3件给你留下深刻印象的事情和你体验它们时的情感。 [归纳拓展] [例句探源] ?The teacher impressed the importance of English on/upon me. 老师让我铭记(向我强调)英语的重要性。 ?My father impressed me with the value of hard work. 父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。 ?The audience were deeply impressed by the actors’ wonderful performance. 观众对演员们的精彩表演印象深刻。 ?(朗文P1041)It is important to make a good impression at your interview. 面试时给人留下好的印象是很重要的。 [即境活用] 5(The new teacher made a good________on the students by her rich knowledge and humorous talk. A(feeling B(effect C(impression D(sense 解析:选C。考查名词词义辨析。make a good impression on sb.意为“给某人留下好印象”。 句意:那位新老师以丰富的知识和幽默的语言给同学们留下了很好的印象。 6((2011年金华十校联考)The conference has been held to discuss the ________of global warming on people’s lives all over the world. effects A(importance B( C(protection D(impression 解析:选B。考查名词辨析。effects意思是“影响”～即讨论全球气候变暖对人们生活的 影响。importance意思是“重要性”,protection意思是“保护”,impression意思是“印 象”。 6.catch sight of 看见,瞥见 (回归课本P34)(..they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. ……她们总算看到了野山羊～甚至还看到了一只大灰熊和一只鹰。 [归纳拓展] [例句探源] ?Suddenly～I caught sight of my English teacher in the crowd. 突然～在人群中我看到了英语老师。 ?(牛津P1863)She caught sight of a car in the distance. 她瞥见远处有一辆车。 ?(朗文P1906)We stood at the window until the car came into sight.我们站在窗前～直 到看见他们的车子。 ?He ran fast and was soon out of sight. 他跑得很快～一会儿就不见了。 [即境活用] 7(At the railway station～the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was________. A(out of sight B(out of reach C(out of order D(out of place 解析:选A。句意:在火车站～母亲向女儿挥手告别直到火车消失在视野中。 7.as far as 远到～直至～至于 (回归课本P38)It’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa～Canada’s capital. 很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。 [归纳拓展] [例句探源] ?As far as I know～it is convenient to do shopping in that small city. 就我所知～在那座小城市里购物很方便。 ?Besides～as far as he was concerned～what other people thought was not the most important thing. 此外～他认为别人的想法并不是最重要的。 ?Standing here～you can see as far as the foot of the hill. 站在这里～你可以一直看到山脚下。 ?(2010年高考江西卷)—Our holiday cost a lot of money. ——我们的假期花了很多钱。 —Did it,Well～that doesn’t matter as long as you enjoyed yourself. ——是吗,只要你玩的开心就好了。 [即境活用] 8(________I can see～there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. A(As long as B(As far as C(Just as D(Even if 解析:选B。as far as I can see“据我所知”。as long as“只要”～表示条件,just as“就像……”～表示方式,even if“即使”～表示让步～皆不符合语境。 9(—How far apart do they live? —________I know～they live in the same neighbourhood. A(As long as B(As far as C(As well as D(As often as 解析:选B。as far as I know“据我所知”。 10((2009年高考陕西卷)My parents don’t mind what job I do________I am happy. A(even though B(as soon as C(as long as D(as though 解析:选C。句意:我的父母不在乎我从事什么样的工作～只要我高兴就好。本题考查状语从句。as long as 引导条件状语从句～意为“只要”。as soon as“ 一……就……”,even though“虽然～尽管”,as though “好像”。 句型梳理 1【教材原句】 Rather than take the aeroplane all the way～they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.(P34) 她们不想一路乘飞机～而决定先飞到温哥华～再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。 【句法分析】 (1)rather than 宁愿……而不愿……,而不是……,与其……倒不如(连接平行结构) would rather do...than do,would do...rather than do 宁愿……而不愿…… prefer to do...rather than do...宁愿……而不愿…… ?I think Tom～rather than you～is to blame. 我想不是你～而是汤姆应受责备。 ?I have decided to send him an e?mail rather than (to) telephone. 我决定给他发个电子邮件～而不是打电话。 ?He preferred to stay at home watching TV rather than go to the concert. 他宁愿在家里看电视也不愿去听音乐会。 ?I would rather (that) you hadn’t done that thing. 我宁愿你没做那件事。 [即境活用] 11((2011年黑龙江双鸭山一中月考)To enjoy the scenery～Bob would spend long time on the train________travel by air. A(other than B(apart from C(instead of D(rather than 解析:选D。考查短语。句意:Bob 为了欣赏风景宁可花时间坐火车也不乘飞机。rather than 而不,other than 不同于～除了,apart from 除……以外,instead of 替代。根据语意选D。 2【教材原句】 It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall～some measuring over 90 metres.(P34) 那儿的湿度很大～树木极高～有些树的高度超过90米。 【句法分析】 some measuring over 90 metres为独立主格结构～在句中作伴随状语。 这种独立主格结构由名词(代词)加分词(现在分词或过去分词)构成～分词的逻辑主语是该名 )。该结构在句中作状语～可以表示时间、原因、条件或伴随等。 词(代词 ?He lay on his back～his teeth set and his glaring eyes looking straight upward.(伴随状语) 他躺在那儿～牙关紧咬～而且他发怒的眼睛直盯着上方。 ?Time permitting～we’ll have a dictation.(条件状语) 如果时间允许～我们就听写。 ?There being no bus～we had to go home on foot.(原因状语) 没有公共汽车了～我们不得不步行回家。 [即境活用] 12(All the factors________～the planned trip will have to be called off. A(considered B(be considered C(considering D(having considered 解析:选A。本题考查独立主格结构的用法。句意:考虑了所有的因素之后～原来计划好的旅行不得不取消了。本句中的consider与All the factors之间为动宾关系～在句子中要用被动形式～因此排除C、D两项～前后两部分不是并列的分句～要采用“名词，过去分词”形式的独立主格结构作时间状语～相当于after all the factors are considered～此处的独立主格结构也可改写成with all the factors considered。 13(The children went home from the grammar school～their lessons________for the day. A(finishing B(finished C(had finished D(went finished 解析:选B。句意:那天的课程一结束～孩子们纷纷从那所语法学校回到家里。当两句话并列时～需要并列连词～而题干中没有并列连词～故排除C、D两项,可判断逗号后应为独立主格结构作状语～在此结构中逻辑主语lessons与逻辑谓语finish之间为被动关系～故排除A项。 作文指导 长句和短句的变换 长句含有许多修饰语～适合表达准确而复杂的思想～解释观点或理论～描写细致的事物,短句比较简洁、明快、有力～适合陈述重要的事实或想法。长句使文章富有气势～却容易产生语法错误～或者造成理解障碍,短句不容易出错～但是短句的堆砌容易让人感觉语言技巧不成熟、不老练。 在实际写作中～一味地采用长句或短句都是不可取的～要长短句交替使用。通常最简单而又适用于应试的长短句交错的方法是:以简单句为基础～配以适当的并列句和复合句。简单句可长可短～一般要加些附属成分～如分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语和副词短语等。 短句变长句 【佳句选粹1】 【原文】 【优化】 Lies do harm to those who are being Lies not only do harm to those who told.Lies also do harm to those who are being told～but also do harm to tell them. those who tell them. 【分析】 原来的两个句子之间存在明显的并列关系～因此应将其合二为一～改 写成由“not only...～but also...”连接成的一个并列句～这样才更符合英语作为“形 合语言”的特点。 【佳句选粹2】 【原文】 【优化】 His overall performance was His overall performance was outstanding and worked extremely well outstanding and worked extremely well with people.He always proves himself with people and he always proves hardworking and modest. himself hardworking and modest. 【分析】 原来的两个句子之间存在明显的并列关系～因此应将其合二为一～改写 成由and连接成的一个并列句～这样才更符合英语作为“形合语言”的特点。 【佳句选粹3】 【原文】 【优化】 In most countries～schools can be divided into two broad In most countries～schools can be categories:public schools and divided into two broad categories: private schools.Public schools are public schools～which are financed by financed by the government and the government and enroll both boys enroll both boys and girls.The and girls～and private schools～the majority of private schools are majority of which are singlesex singlesex educational educational establishments. establishments. 【分析】 句子“Public schools are financed by the government and enroll both boys and girls.”中的“public schools”用which代替～并作为引导词变成非 限制性定语从句,句子“The majority of private schools are singlesex educational establishments.”中的“private schools”用which代替～变成了“the majority of which”形式～这正是定语从句“介词of，which”结构。用了两个定语 从句优化后～句子显得更有文采～而且更有气势。 长句变短句 长句固然能表达出复杂而缜密的思想～但如果片面追求复杂句式～华而不实～反而成为表达的累赘。 写作中句子的长短应根据表达的需要～有话则长～无话则短。短句不仅指句子长度较短～也指句子内部结构精练。简洁是一个重要的原则～用词累赘是写作的大忌。 【佳句选粹】 【原文】 【优化】 His father～who is a salesman～His father～a_salesman～became a became a millionaire overnight. millionaire overnight. 【分析】 优化后的句子用同位语代替了原句中的定语从句～从而起到了 精简句子的作用。