process of International trade

process of International trade flow of international trade flow of export goods include: pricing, ordering, payment, stocking, packing, customs clearance procedures, equipment ship, transport, insurance, bills of lading, settlement of exchange. a, quote in international trade is normally provided by the product inquiry, quote the beginning as a trade. Among them, offer for export products include: product quality and grade of the product specification model, whether the products have special packaging requirements, the number of the purchased amount of product, delivery requirements, mode of transport of products, products, materials etc. . offer the more common are: FOB ??FOB??, CNF ??Cost and Freight??, CIF ??Cost, Insurance and Freight?? and other forms. 2, order (contract) trade, the two sides reached a tentative offer, the buyer company, formally ordering, and on a number of business-related matters in consultation with the seller, after consultation between both parties recognized the need to sign ??purchase contract.?? Signing the ??purchase contract?? process, primarily trade names, specification model, quantity, price, packaging, origin, shipment, payment terms, settlement, claims, arbitration and other content to discuss, and reached after the negotiations the agreement is written, ??purchase contract.?? This marks the official start of export business. Under normal circumstances, a purchase contract signed in duplicate by both parties cover the entry into force of the company??s official seal from each side, save a. 3, method of payment commonly used international payment methods are three kinds, namely, the letter of credit payment, TT payment and direct payment. 1, letter of credit payment votes letters of credit and letters of credit were divided into light with the two types of documentary credits. Documentary letter of credit is accompanied by letters of credit of specified documents and not accompanied by any documentary letter of credit letter of credit, said light tickets. Simply put, the letter of credit is to ensure that exporters in recovering the money to ensure the file. Please note that the duration of the export shipment of goods shall be carried out within the validity period of the letter of credit, letters of credit to pay a single period must be no later than the effective date of the letter of credit submitted. a letter of credit in international trade, mostly as a form of payment, the issuing date of the letter of credit should be made clear, clear and complete. Several of China??s state-owned commercial banks such as Bank of China, China Construction Bank, China Agriculture Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, etc., are able of opening letters of credit (which is issuing several major banks are issuing the amount of fees 1.5 ?ë). 2, TT payment TT payment is based on foreign currency cash settlement, by your customers will be make payable to your company??s designated foreign exchange bank account, the goods may be required to transfer within a certain period of time after. 3, the direct payment is a direct seller and the buyer for payment on delivery. 4, stocking stocking the entire trade process, played a decisive importance to be implemented one by one according to the contract. The main check stocking are as follows: 1, quality, pricing, specifications, contract requirements should be verified. 2, the quantity of goods: to ensure that the contract or letter of credit to satisfy the quantitative requirements. 3, stocking time: should be based on the letter of credit, combined with sailing, thus promoting the convergence of cargo. 5, packaging, you can different goods to choose the packaging form (eg: cartons, wooden boxes, bags, etc.). Different packaging forms of its packaging requirements are different. 1, the general export packaging standards: according to common standards of trade export packaging. 2, special export packaging standards: according to customer??s special requirements for export of goods packaging. 3, goods packaging and marks (Transport logo): It should be carefully checking to make it comply with the letter of credit requirements. 6, and customs clearance procedures extremely cumbersome customs clearance procedures also extremely important, if not a smooth customs clearance, you can not complete the transaction. 1, is a statutory inspection of export commodities have to attend to export inspection certificate. present, China??s import and export commodity inspection work has four main areas: ?ð acceptance of inspection: Inspection refers to the external trade relations to the commodity inspection authorities report to the test. ?ð sample: the commodity inspection authorities for inspection after receiving a timely send the goods cleared from location to go to field testing, the identification. ?ð Test: inspection body to receive inspection after the declaration of the test items carefully studied to determine test content. And carefully review the contract (letter of credit) for quality, specifications, packaging requirements, understand the basis for testing to determine the inspection standards and methods. (Inspection method sample, instrumental analysis test; physical examination; sensory testing; microbiological tests, etc.) ?ð certification: On the export side, where the inclusion of [the List] is the export commodity, after passing inspection by the commodity inspection authorities, the issue of release order (or in the ??export goods declaration?? on the stamp release chapter, in lieu of a single release). 2, by the professional certificate held by customs officers, holding tank, invoices, customs power of attorney, settlement cancellation of export orders, export of goods copies of the contracts, export inspection certificate etc., to handle the customs clearance procedures. ?ð packing list provided by the exporter of export product packing details. ?ð invoices were provided by the exporter??s exports to prove. ?ð???ØÎ?ÍÐÊéÊÇÃ?ÓÐ???ØÄÜÁ?µÄµ?Î??ò?öÈËÎ?ÍÐ???Ø?úÀíÐÐÀ????صÄÖ?Ã?Êé?? ?ð verification of export from the export of a single unit to apply for foreign exchange bureau, saying that the ability of the unit export a document to obtain the export tax rebate. ?ð commodity inspection certificate after inspection and quarantine department or its designated inspection agency obtained after passing inspection, all kinds of import and export commodity inspection certificates, identification certificates and other certificates referred to. Foreign trade to fulfill contractual obligations to all parties concerned to deal with competing claims, representative and arbitration, litigation burden of proof, legally valid basis, but also customs clearance, tariffs and preferential tariff concessions necessary to prove that. 7, loading the cargo ship process, you can ship the goods to determine the number of ways and in accordance with ??the purchase contract?? set out to carry out insurance coverage. Choose: 1, assembled container container (also known as container) and type: (1) by Size hours: At present, the international commonly used dry container (DRYCONTAINER) are: external dimensions X8 feet to 20 feet feet 6 inches X8, referred to as 20-foot container; 40 Ying Chi X8 feet X8 feet 6 inches, referred to as 40-foot containers; and more used in recent years, 40 feet X8 feet X9 feet 6 inches, referred to as 40-foot high cabinet. 20-foot counter: content product of 5.69 meters X2.13 m X2.18 m, delivery is generally 17.5 tons gross weight, volume of 24-26 cubic meters. 40-foot counter: content product of 11.8 meters X2.13 m X2.18 m, delivery is usually 22 tons gross weight, volume 54 cubic meters. 40-foot high cabinet: content product of 11.8 meters X2.13 m X2.72 m. despatch usually gross weight is 22 tons, the volume to 68 cubic meters. 45-foot high cabinet: the contents of the plot as follows: 13.58 meters X2.34 m X2.71 m, delivery is usually 29 tons gross weight, volume 86 cubic meters. 20-foot Open Top Cabinet: inside volume of 5.89 meters X2.32 m X2.31 m, delivery 20 tons gross weight, volume of 31.5 cubic meters. 40-foot open top cabinet: content product of 12.01 meters X2.33 m X2.15 m, delivery gross weight 30.4 t, volume 65 cubic meters. 20-foot flat-bottomed container: the contents of the plot 5.85 meters X2.23 m X2.15 m, delivery 23 tons gross weight, volume of 28 cubic meters. 40-foot flat-bottomed container: the contents of the plot 12.05 meters X2 .12 m X1.96 m, delivery 36 tons gross weight, volume of 50 cubic meters. (2) sub-boxes of material according to the system: There are aluminum containers, steel containers, fibreboard container, glass and steel containers. (3) by zoning: There are dry containers; refrigerated containers (REEFER CONTAINER); hanging clothes container (DRESS HANGER CONTAINER); open top container (OPENTOP CONTAINER); framework of the container (FLAT RACK CONTAINER); Tank Container (TANK CONTAINER). 2 assembled container assembled containers, generally based on the volume of exports of goods freight cargo weight. 8, transport insurance usually two sides signed the ??purchase contract?? has been pre-agreed transportation insurance related matters. Common insurance of marine cargo transportation, insurance, land and air cargo transportation postal insurance. Among them, the marine cargo insurance policy covered by other insurance, other insurance is divided into basic and additional insurance in other categories: (1) do not have basic insurance FPA (Free from Paricular Average-FPA), W. P. A. (With Average or With Particular Average-WA or WPA) and all insurance (All Risk-AR) three kinds. Ping An Insurance areas of responsibility include: As the sea caused by natural disasters, the total loss of goods; cargo handling and transshipment in the process of the overall loss; caused due to a general average sacrifice, sharing and relief costs; as the transport vessel ran aground, stranding, sinking, collision, flood, explosion caused the total loss and partial loss of goods. W. P. A. marine transportation insurance, one of the basic insurance. According to the Chinese People??s Insurance Company of the insurance terms, scope of its responsibilities in addition to bearing the risks set forth in Ping An Insurance, but also bear the bad weather, lightning, tsunamis, floods and other natural disasters. All Risks insurance commitments reported the scope of responsibility equivalent to W. P. A. and general additional insurance combined. (2) other additional risks. Do not attach additional risks for general insurance and special additional insurance types. Additional risks of theft generally pick Buzhuo insurance, water and rain insurance, smoking a short amount of theft insurance, leakage risk, damage risk of breakage, hook damage insurance, mixed stains insurance, packing rupture risk, mildew insurance, damp heating insurance, Chuanwei insurance and so on. Special additional war risk insurance, the strike insurance. 9, bills of lading bill of lading, exporters End of the export processing customs procedures, customs clearance, by the Sinotrans companies have signed up for the importers, delivery, settlement documents used. the bill of lading signed by the demands made under the letter of credit issued shares, usually three. Exporters to stay in duplicate, refunds and other business and importers to apply for a mail delivery and other procedures. for shipping goods, the importer must bring the original bill of lading, packing list, invoices, to extract the goods. (By exporters would be the original bill of lading, packing list, invoice sent to the importer.) If the air cargo, you can directly bill of lading, packing list, invoices, fax to extract the goods. 10, settlement out of the export cargo is loaded, the Import and Export Corporation shall be in accordance with the provisions of the letter of credit, correctly Drawing-up (box, invoices, bills of lading, export certificate of origin and export settlement) and other documents. In the letter of credit required to pay a single term of the submission of bank settlement negotiation process. In addition to using the letter of credit settlement, all other payment methods are generally wire transfer remittances (TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER (T / T)), ticket exchange (DEMAND DRAFT (D / D)), Mail Transfer (MAIL TRANDFER (M / T) ), etc., due to the rapid development of electronic technology, and now the main use of remittances via wire transfer. (In China, the enterprise exports enjoy preferential policies for export tax rebates)