美国禁酒令

USin30sPubliclifeTheProhibitionMovementTheGreatDepressionInOctober28th,1929,TheNewYorkStockExchangetumbledmorethan13percent;thenextday,DowJonesIndexhitanewlowof22%off;thestockmarketcrashedandbanksbegantofail,theeconomyplungedintotheGreatDepression.TheeconomiccrisisthatismostfamousinAmericanhistorybegan;By1932,theunemploymentratewas23.6%.Meanwhile,millionslosttheirjobs;PubliclifeundertheimpactoftheGreatDepressionDuringtheGreatDepressionwhichlastforadecade,itisrecreationlikegames,cartoons,readingthathelpAmericansspentthemostunbearabledecade;GamesThemostsignificantaspectthataffectedbythegreatdepressionistheavailofthepastime:Thenetsalesofsportsandentertainmentfellbyhalf,manysocialclubs,tennisclubsandgolfclubscloseddown;Whilemanyfamilygameslikepuzzle,draughtsandchessbecamepopular,whichcankilltimeandeasetheirworries.Cartoons1937-1949istheinitialdevelopmentperiodofAmericanCartoons;Fromtheyearof1937,theDisneyCompanyproducedcartoonslike“SnowWhite”“TheAdventuresofPinocchio”“Fantasia”“Bambi”ReadingFormillionswholosttheirjobs,publiclibraryistheirownclub,itisawarmandquietplacewheretheycanreadandnaporevensleep.AccordingtothesurveyofAmericanLibraryAssociation,in1933,bookcirculationrategrewbyover50%thantheyearof1929,registeredborrowersincreased2to3million.Anothervividexampleis“ReadersDigest”,in1929,thereareonly250thousandsubscribers,whileaftertheGreatDepression,thetotalcirculationis7to8million,foreignlanguageversionincluded.Thesuccessof“ReadersDigest”isowntotheGreatDepressionbecauseinthisperiod,manyfamiliesarenotabletosubscribeseveralmagazinessotheyhavetoturnto“ReadersDigest”whichrefinetheessenceofothermagazinesthatcoveracertainaspect.TheProhibitionMovementTheProhibitionMovementTheProhibitionMovementactuallystartedfromtheearly19thcentury,butatthetimeitwasjustamoralvalueofpersonalchoice;TheProhibitionMovementisessentiallyconsideredasasocialreformmovementaimedatrevivethetraditionalcultureandvalues;The18thAmendmenttookeffectonJanuary17th,1920,whichmeansdrinkinginpublicisprohibitedbylaw;ReasonsforProhibition1.IndustrializationandurbanizationbroughtAmericanmoreopportunitiesandchallenges;butontheotherhand,madeclassdivisionsmoreobviousandinterpersonalrelationshipsmoreunexpectable;asaresult,thesenseofresponsibilitytothefamilyandsocietydecreased,alcoholismanddrunkennessdisturbedthesocialorder;everyyear,morethan4000peoplelosttheirlivesbecauseofpublicdrunkennessReasonsforProhibition2.Pubsaretheplacesforgambling,prostitution,illegaltrades,andalcoholisamust;3.Thedevelopmentofwinetradeandhugeprofitsitbroughtmademanyofficialsinvolvedandcorruptionflourished;4.Drinkingisagainstthepuritanspiritbecauseitspendsmuchtimeandmoney,whichharmshumanbeingnotonlyphysically,butalsomentally;asaresult,itposesanextremethreattotheChristcivilization;WhileonDecember5th,The18thAmendmenttookeffect,whichmeanstheendoftheProhibitionMovementWhyfailed?1.Difficultoperation;Americahasacoastlineof18000miles,butwhenthe18thamendmenttookeffect,therewereonly1500staff,whichmeanseveryoneisresponsibleforsearchingacoastlineof12miles,aharborof12miles,12squaremilesofforest,12squaremilesofinland;ThemayorofNewYorkclaimedthatifthe18thamendmentwerefaithfullykept,heneedtomobilizepoliceforceofanumberashighas250000;Whyfailed?2.NotonlydidnottheProhibitionMovementproducedthedesiredeffect,butalsoproducemoreandmoresocialproblems,thecorruptionofgovernmentofficialsisextremelywidespread;Whyfailed?theProhibitionMovementforcedAmericanstochangetheirlifestylesandintheprocess,civilrightswereviolated,whichisagainstindividualismandliberalismAmericansbelievein,itisdestinedtobeafailure.EvaluationThoughtheProhibitionMovementwasabolished,itisworthaffirmationbecausethestarting-pointforpolicymakersandsupportersliketransformingsocialreality,defendingsocialordersandestablishgoodmoralityispositive.Thankyou!!!