英语四六级阅读理解答案

文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]英语四六级阅读理解答案四级第二套　SectionCPassageOne　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseintheofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(长寿)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefailingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedXtoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy(预期生命),combinedwiththereplace-Xpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethattheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchargemaywellreinforcethatshift;theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.57.Whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries　A.Youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly.B.Well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger.C.Unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear.D.Peoplewithnocollagedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.【答案】B　58.Whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoorA.Longerlifeexpectancies.B.Arapidtechnologicaladvance.C.Profoundchangesintheworkforce.D.Agrowingnumberofthewell-educated.【答案】B　59.Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceoftheexperienceofthe20thcenturyA.Economicgrowthwillslowdown.B.Governmentbudgetswillincrease.C.Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.D.Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.【答案】A　60.WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountriesA.Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.B.Morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.C.Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.D.Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.【答案】C61.Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcenturyA.Computerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.B.Morewillbetheeducatedyoung.　C.Mostjobstobedonewillbecreativeones.D.Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.【答案】D　PassageTwoQuestions62to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　Someoftheworld'smostsignsignificantproblemshitheadlines.Oneexamplecomesfromagriculture.Foodriotsandhungermakenews.Butthetrendlyingbehindthesemattersisrarelytalkedabout.Thisisthedeclineinthegrowthinyieldsofsomeoftheworld'smajorcrops.AnewstudybytheUniversityofMinnesotaandMcGillUniversityinMontreallooksatwhere,andhowfar,thisdeclineisoccurring.　Theauthorstakeavastnumberofdatapointsforthefourmostimportantcrops:rice,wheat,cornandsoyabeans(大豆).Theyfindthatonbetween24%and39%ofallharvestedareas,theimprovementinyieldsthattookplacebeforethe1980ssloweddowninthe1990sand2000s.　Therearetwoworryingfeaturesoftheslowdown.Oneisthatithasbeenparticularlysharpintheworld'smostpopulous(人口多的)countries,IndiaandChina.Theirabilitytofeedthemselveshasbeenanimportantsourceofrelativestabilitybothwithinthecountriesandonworldfoodmarkets.Thatself-sufficiencycannotbetakenforgrantedifyieldscontinuetoslowdownorreverse.　Second,yieldgrowthhasbeenlowerinwheatandricethanincornandsoyabeans.Thisisproblematicbecausewheatandricearemoreimportantasfoods,accountingforaroundhalfofallcaloriesconsumed.Cornandsoyabeansaremoreimportantasfeedgrains.Theauthorsnotethat"wehavepreferentiallyfocusedourcropimprovementeffortsonfeedinganimalsandcarsratherthanoncropsthatfeedpeopleandarethebasisoffoodsecurityinmuchoftheworld."　Thereportqualifiesthemoreoptimisticfindingsofanothernewpaperwhichsuggeststhattheworldwillnothavetodigupalotmorelandforfarminginordertofeed9billionpeoplein2050,astheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationhasargued.　Instead,itsays,thankstoslowingpopulationgrowth,landcurrentlyploughedupforcropsmightbeabletorevert(回返)toforestorwilderness.Thiscouldhappen.Thetroubleisthattheforecastassumescontinuedimprovementsinyields,whichmaynotactuallyhappen.　62.Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawattentionto　　A.Foodriotsandhungerintheworld.　　B.Thedeclineofthegrainyieldgrowth.　C.Newsheadlinesintheleadingmedia.　　D.Thefoodsupplyinpopulouscountries.　　【答案】B　　63.WhydoestheauthormentionIndiaandChinainparticular　A.Theirself-sufficiencyisvitaltothestabilityofworldfoodmarkets.　　B.Theirfoodyieldshavebeguntodecreasesharplyinrecentyears.　　C.Theirbigpopulationsarecausingworldwideconcerns.　　D.Theirfoodself-sufficiencyhasbeentakenforgranted.　　【答案】A　　64.Whatdoesthenewstudybythetwouniversitiessayaboutrecentcropimprovementefforts　　A.Theyfailtoproducethesameremarkableresultsasbeforethe1980s.　　B.Theycontributealottotheimprovementofhumanfoodproduction.　　C.Theyplayamajorroleinguaranteeingthefoodsecurityoftheworld.　　D.theyfocusmoreontheincreaseofanimalfeedthanhumanfoodgrains.　【答案】D　　65.WhatdoestheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationsayaboutworldfoodproductioninthecomingdecades　　A.Thegrowingpopulationwillgreatlyincreasethepressureonworldfoodsupplies.　　B.Theoptimisticpredictionaboutfoodproductionshouldbeviewedwithcaution.　　C.Theslowdownofthegrowthinyieldsofmajorfoodcropswillbereversed.　　D.Theworldwillbeabletofeeditspopulationwithoutincreasingfarmland.　　【答案】D　　66.HowdoestheauthorviewtheargumentoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganisation　　A.Itisbuiltonthefindingsofanewstudy.　　B.Itisbasedonadoubtfulassumption.　　C.Itisbackedbystrongevidence.　　D.Itisopentofurtherdiscussion.【答案】B四级第一套　SectionC　　PassageOne　Question57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen(防晒霜)keepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybewrong.Researchinthisweek'sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas(黑瘤)anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueorgreeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-termexposure.　　Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas—theevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancer.A2011Australianstudyof1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.Asecondstudy,comparing1,167peoplewithmelanomasto1,101whodidn'thavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreenroutinely,alongsideotherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesomeprotection.Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotection—notsunscreen—seemedmostbeneficial.Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit'snotentirelyreliable.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun.　　Manypeoplealsodon'tusesunscreenproperly-applyinginsufficientamounts,failingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismostworrying-recentshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.　　Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanomarates,asshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon(抹上)sunscreenandslaponahat.　　57.【题干】Whatispeople'scommonexpectationofahigh-factorsunscreen　　A.Itwilldelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.　　B.Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn.　　C.Itwillkeeptheirskinsmoothandfair.　　D.Itwillworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.　　【答案】B　　58.【题干】WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreen　　A.Itisineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas.　　B.Itisineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight.　　C.Itisineffectivewithlong-termexposure.　　D.Itisineffectiveforpeoplewithfairskin.　　【答案】C　　59.【题干】Whatdowelearnfromthe2011Australianstudyof1,621people　　A.Sunscreenshouldbeappliedalongsideotherprotectionmeasures.　　B.High-riskpeoplebenefitthemostfromtheapplicationofsunscreen.　　C.Irregularapplicationofsunscreendoeswomenmoreharmthangood.　　D.Dailyapplicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomas.　　【答案】D　　60.【题干】WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthesecondAustralianstudy　　A.Itmisleadspeopletorelyonsunscreenforprotection.　　B.Ithelpspeopletoselectthemosteffectivesunscreen.　　C.Itisnotbasedondirectobservationofthesubjects.　　D.ItconfirmstheresultsofthefirstAustralianstudy.　　【答案】D　　61.【题干】Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoreducemelanomarates　　A.Usingbothcoveringupandsunscreen.　　B.Stayingintheshadewheneverpossible.　　C.Usingcoveringupinsteadofsunscreen.　　D.Applyingtherightamountofsunscreen.　　【答案】A　　PassageTwo　　Questions62to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.　　Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseinthenumberofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(长寿)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.　　Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedoutoftheworkforce.　　Policyispartlyresponsible.ManyEuropeangovernmentshaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedtoencouragepeopletoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy(预期寿命),combinedwiththereplacementofgenerousdefined-benefitpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethantheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchangemaywellreinforcethatshift:theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.　　62.【题干】Whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries　　A.Youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly.　　B.Well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger.　　C.Unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear.　　D.Peoplewithnocollegedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.　　【答案】B　　63.【题干】Whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoor　　A.Longerlifeexpectancies.　　B.Profoundchangesintheworkforce.　　C.Arapidtechnologicaladvance.　　D.Agrowingnumberofthewell-educated.　　【答案】C　64.【题干】Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury　A.Economicgrowthwillslowdown.　　B.Governmentbudgetswillincrease.　　C.Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.　　D.Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.　【答案】A　　65.【题干】WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries　　A.Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.　　B.Morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.　　C.Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.　　D.Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.　　【答案】C　　66.【题干】Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury　　A.Computerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.B.Morewillbetakenbytheeducatedyoung.　　C.Mostjobstobedonewillbecreativeones.　　D.Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.　　【答案】D四级卷三56.C)Thedeclineofthegrainyieldgrowth.57.A)Theirself-sufficiencyisvitaltothestabilityofworldfoodmarkets.D)Theyfocusmoreontheincreaseofanimalfeedthanhumanfoodgrains.59.D)Theworldwillbeabletofeeditspopulationwithoutincreasingfarmland.60.B)Itisbasedonadoubtfulassumption.61.A)Morementakinganextendedparentalleave.62.C)Theirnumberistoosmalltomakeadifference。63.A)Alongleavewillhaveanegativeimpactontheircareer.64.C)Surprise六级卷一56.C.Unemployment57.D.Pourmoneyintothemarketthroughassetbuying.58.B.Deflation61.B.Attendtheschooloncetheyareadmitted.62.A.Tomakesuretheygetqualifiedstudents.63.C.Itallowsthemlittletimetomakeinformedchoice.64.D.Itplacesstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesatadisadvantage.65.B.Avoidchoosingearlydecisionunlesstheyarefullyprepared.六级卷二PassageOne56A)Togettheirshareofcleanair.57C)Offeringpreferentialtreatmenttowealthycountries.58B)Ourrelationshiptotheplantworld.59D)Bypoolingtheireffortstogether.60C)Sharelifewithnature.PassageTwo61B)Attendtheschooloncetheyareadmitted.62A)Tomakesuretheygetqualifiedstudents.63C)Itallowsthemlittletimetomakeinformeddecisions.64D)Itplacesstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesatadisadvantage.65B)Avoidchoosingearlydecisionunlesstheyarefullyprepared.