4级快速阅读[句子填空题]北大

4级快速阅读[句子填空 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ]北大 第1节 句子填空题命题特点 索玉柱(Dr.Sony)编写} 一、在四级英语快速阅读中，前7道题目分别 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示如下: Y stands for Yes ( the information is right) N stands for No (the information is wrong) NG stands for Not Given ( the information doesn’t exist) 二、还有3道以句子填空的形式出现的考题。这种考题的常考点和是非判断 题的考点一样，因此它们的定位技巧也是一致的。考生所要做的就是根据题意进 行准确的定位，然后仔细对照原文和考题找出考题中所缺失的部分并进行作答。 在作答的时候，考生一定要注意答案在 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 和形式上的准确性，尤其要注意语法 上的正确性。 [例] After all, those first two steps or approaches spark a stronger than usual interest in that dictionary definition. You're now personally involved. Did you figure out the word meaning? Your heightened interest will lead to a better memory of both word-and meaning. It also encourages your development of the habits needed to accelerate your progress. And-when you see in black 'and white the definition you had expected, what a feeling of accomplishment is yours. In that way, the CPD Formula provides the exact dynamic interplay of approaches for maximum effectiveness. [题目] By using context and word parts, readers' heightened interest will lead to__________. [解析] 根据题干中信号词lead to可判断本题考查的内容为heightened interest在 using context and word parts情况下所造成的结果。以heightened interest为题眼定位 于上述段落第4句，可知空白处应填入a better memory of both word and meaning。 第2节 快读专项训练 Passage One Time Pattern in America Susan Anthony has an eight-to-five job with two 15-minute coffee breaks, a one-hour lunch break, scheduled appointments and weekly deadlines. Every time she enters and leaves her office building she "punches" the clock. Although she is not aware of it，her workday is strongly influenced by her culture's attitudes toward time. When travelers lack an awareness of how time is regulated in a foreign country, they can expect to feel somewhat disoriented (分不清方向或目标的). Since most people take time for granted, the effects of values, customs and social etiquette on the use of time are seldom examined: A culture that values achievement and progress will discourage people from "wasting" time. Highly efficient business people from these cultures may feel frustrated in a country where work proceeds at a slow pace. In religious societies, customs specify times of the day, week, or year for prayer and religious celebrations. If an individual tries-to make an appointment during a sacred holiday, he or she could unknowingly offend a religious person. Social etiquette-determines 1 appropriate times for visits, meetings, and even phone calls. Arriving two hours late for an appointment may be acceptable in one culture, whereas in another, keeping someone waiting fifteen minutes may be considered rude. Promptness Promptness is important in American business, academic and social settings. The importance of punctuality is taught to young children in school. Tardy (迟到的) slips and the use of bells signal to the child that punctuality and time itself are to be respected. An amusing report of schoolchild's experience with time appeared in a recent newspaper article. As a child, my mother used to tell me how crucial it was to be at school when the first bell rang. Preparation for my "on-time" appearance began the night before. I was directed to go to bed early so I could wake up at 7 a.m. with enough time to get ready. Although I usually managed to watch my share of TV cartoons, I knew that in one hour I had to get dressed, eat breakfast, brush my teeth, comb my hair and be on my way to school or I would be violating an important rule of Mom's, the school's, or the worlds. It was hard to tell which. People who keep appointments are considered dependable. If people are late to job interviews, appointments or classes, they are often viewed as unreliable and irresponsible. In the business world, "time is money" and companies may fine their executives for tardiness to business meetings. Of course, it was not always possible to be punctual. Social and business etiquette also provides rules for late arrivals. Calling on the telephone if one is going to be more than a few minutes late for scheduled appointments is considered polite and is often expected. Keeping a date or a friend waiting beyond ten to twenty minutes is considered rude. On the other hand, arriving thirty minutes late to some parties is acceptable. Respecting deadlines is also important in academic and professional circles. It is expected that deadlines for class assignments or business reports will be met. Students who hand in assignments late may be surprised to find-that the professor will lower their grades or even refuse to grade their work. Whether it is a question of arriving on time or of meeting a deadline, people are culturally conditioned to regulate time. Division of Time Time is tangible (可以感知的); one can "gain time", "spend time", "waste time", "save time", or even "kill time"! Common questions in American English reveal this-concrete quality as though time were a possession. "Do you have time? " "Can you make some time for this?" "How much free time do you have?" The treatment of time as a possession influences the way time is carefully divided. Generally, Americans are taught to do one thing at a time and may be uncomfortable when an activity is interrupted. In business the careful scheduling of time and the separation of activities are common practices. Appointment calendars are printed with 15-, 30-, and 60-minute time slots. A 2:30-3:00 interview may end in time for a brief break before a 3:15-4:00 meeting. The idea that "there is a time and place for everything" extends to American social life. Visitors who "drop by" without prior notice may interrupt their host's personal time. Thus, calling friends on the telephone before visiting them is generally preferred to visitors "dropping by". To accommodate other people's schedules, Americans make business plans and social engagements several days or weeks in advance. Future Time Cultures tend to favor either a past, present, or future orientation with regard to time. A future orientation, encompassing (包括) a preference for change, is characteristic of American culture. 2 The society encourages people to look to the future rather than to the past. Technological, social and artistic trends change rapidly and affect people's lifestyles and the relationships. Given this inclination (倾向) toward change, it is not surprising that tradition plays a limited role in the American culture. Those who try to uphold traditional patterns of living or thought may be seen as rigid or "old-fashioned". In a society where change is so rapid, it is not uncommon for every generation to experience a "generation gap". Sometimes parents straggle to understand the values of their children. Even religious institutions have had to adapt to contemporary needs of their followers. Folk singers in church services, women religious leaders, slang versions of the Bible, all reflect attempts made by traditional institutions to "keep up with the times". High rates of changes, particularly in urban areas, have contributed to a focus on the future rather than the past or present. Some Americans believe that the benefits of the future orientation are achievement and progress and stomach ulcers (溃疡) are the results of such a lifestyle. As individuals in a culture, we all have an intuitive understanding about how time is regulated. Usually we do not think about the concept of time until we interact with others who have a different time Orientation. Although individuals from any two cultures may view time similarly, we often sense that in another culture, life seems to proceed either at a slower or faster pace. Knowing how time is regulated, divided and perceived can provide valuable insights into individuals and their cultures. 1. Highly efficient business people are always from cultures that value achievement and progress. 2. Arriving two hours late for an appointment is considered rude in every culture. 3. If a student hands in his assignments late, the professor may refuse to grade his work. 4. The idea that "there is a time and place for everything" is not only restrained in the business circle. 5. The American culture favors future orientation with regard to time. 6. There are as many women leaders as men leaders now in the religious institutions. 7. It is quite impossible for people from different cultures to have similar time orientation. 8. People who do not keep appointment are often considered __________ or__________. 9. The careful division of time is greatly influenced by__________. 10. Tradition plays a limited role in the American culture considering__________. Passage Two 3 The International Monetary Fund In 1944, officials from forty-four nations gathered together for a historic meeting at Bretton Woods in the United States. They wanted to make provisions for the economic problems they expected to follow the end of the World War II. These efforts resulted in the formation of the International Monetary Fund, which was officially established on December 27, 1945, with 30 members. Membership in the IMF is open to every sovereign (主权) state that is willing and able to fulfill its obligation. The Fund has grown rapidly, and has 183 countries by the end of 2000. China resumed her membership of IMF in April 1980. Objective of the IMF The IMF is established to promote international monetary cooperation and exchange stability, to avoid competitive exchange depreciation (贬值) and to provide temporary financial assistance to countries to help ease balance of payments deficits (赤字). Under the Bretton Woods System, all members joining the Fund had to define the exchange rate of-their currencies in terms of gold, while one ounce of gold was equal to exactly 35 US dollars. Since the abandonment of the Bretton Wood Systems, the Fund has agreed to allow each member to choose its own method of determining an exchange rate for its currency. The only requirements are that the member country no longer bases the value of its currency on gold and informs other members about how it is determining the currency's value. At any time, the Fund keeps on supervising (监督) exchange rate of the member states by asking for necessary data from the members and by collecting materials required to discuss and evaluate the prevailing exchange rate Policies globally. Finance Resources of the Fund In order to attain these objectives, however, very large financial reserves-are needed. There are three financial resources for the Fund, namely, the quota (配额) subscriptions, the borrowing money and the trust fund. The quota is the heart of the International Monetary Fund. The size of the quota is set by the Fund authorities. It is based on the economic importance of a country by such indicators as population, international trade, and GNP. The quota of P. R. China on January 28, 2001, for example, is 4,687.2 million of SDRs (特别提款权). The member states need to pay subscription to the IMF, also called membership fee, which is the contribution that the member states must make to the IMPs funds, just like the share capital paid by a stockholder to join in a stock company. It is expressed in SDRs and equal in value to the member's quota. 75% of the subscription is payable in the member state's own currency and 25% is payable in SDRs or in one of the designated (指定) reserve currencies. Voting power and qualification to draw on the Fund are linked to the size of the quota. Quota is important because it determines the maximum amount that the member can draw out in times of difficulty. Quotas are reviewed every five years and adjusted accordingly. Beginning with 1956, IMF activities increased sharply, mainly because of large drawings by the United Kingdom to cope with various crises of the British monetary system. Since then steps have been taken to strengthen the Fund's resources. Besides four general quota increases, the Fund has also Sold gold to its principal members to increase its holdings of their currencies. In 1962, the Fund entered into "general arrangement to borrow". In these, the leading nations agreed to lend it up to the equivalent of $6 billion. By borrowing money from member 4 governments or their monetary authorities, the Fund assists special programs that benefit its members. In 1976, IMF decided to sell one-sixth of its gold at the market rate during four years and use the profit ob- mined as Trust Fund. The purpose was to provide prime loans to the low-income countries. Loan and Repayments As an international regulatory and financing institution, the Fund is entitled to exercise supervision over the policies of its member countries' own currency with gold, or a currency acceptable to the Fund or SDRs. 1. Normal credit This is the most basic kind of loan provided by the IMF to solve the temporary difficulty with the member's balance of payments. The maximum amount of such a credit is 125% of the member's quota subscriptions and the term is three to five years. The Fund uses its financial resources to assist its members to resolve their balance-of-payments problems in a manner that is consistent with a stable international or national prosperity. The Fund conducts operations only With the ministry of finance, central-bank, and similar financial institutions of its members. Whenever it makes a loan it provides foreign currencies or SDRs from its holdings to the borrower, and the borrower pays the Fund the equivalent amount in its own currency. A loan, called a drawing, thus consists of a member's purchase-of foreign currencies or SDRs with its own currency. 2. Special facilities To help the member countries solve some special problems, the Fund provides them some special facilities, such as the Oil Facility, the Trust Fund Facility, and the Structural Adjustment Facility. Each of the special facilities is targeted at a specific monetary problem. 3. Repayments Members undertake repayments to the Fund within a maximum of three to five years, which in certain cases can be extended up to ten years. Earlier repurchases are often made either voluntarily or according to a requirement that a member makes a repurchase if its gold and foreign exchange reserves increase sufficiently. Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) The SDRs are special rights to borrow or draw from the IMF extended by the IMF to its member countries as an addition to the general drawing rights they already hold. SDRs do not represent actual money, but simply a form of credit. SDRs may be exchanged between member countries or between those countries and IMF. SDRs are distributed among member countries in proportion to their subscription to the IMF. At first the value of the SDRs was expressed in terms of gold. Since 1974, the SDR's value has been based on a basket of currencies whose allocation is reviewed every five years. 1. This passage is meant to tell readers how IMF works. 2. China joined the IMF in April 1980. 3. After the abandonment of the Bretton Wood Systems, one ounce of gold was worth more than 35 dollars. 4. The size of the quota of a country is indicated by its GNP. 5. When a member country pays membership fee to the IMF, its value is 5 as much as its quota. 6. The IMF gives at most five years for its members to repay their loans. 7. The IMF members cannot exchange their SDRs because SDRs do not represent actual money. 8. Every sovereign state can become a member of the IMF as long as it is__________. 9. The Trust Fund was aimed at__________. 10. In order to help the members to solve temporary problems with their balance of payments, the IMF provide them a loan called__________. Passage Three The Role of Homepage There are many metaphors (比喻) for the role of homepages in the user experience. All have some relevance because the homepage does play many roles. Not all metaphors are equally valid, however, and some of them can be misleading if they dominate your thinking. These are some of the more common metaphors for homepages: Magazine cover The primary business goal of a cover is to make you pick up the magazine from a sea of hundreds of them at the newsstand. In contrast, users don't see the homepage until they have already decided to pick out the website and visit it. Thus, homepages don't need to stand out and grab the user's attention because the user will already be looking at them. A secondary job of a magazine cover is to define by example the content, style, and so forth inside the magazine. This area is where you can learn the most lessons for web design. Your face to the world The old saying goes that you get only one chance to make a first impression. On the web you really get only one chance to make any impression. When the first impression isn't good, you don't get a second chance because the user will never return. At the same time, web design is interaction design, and the experience that follows after users enter the site is key. Contrary to a beauty contest, you can't be too superficial on a homepage; you need to carry out the promises. Artwork People look at artwork in two steps: they first give the piece a quick look to see whether it interests them at all. Then they take the time to really look at the piece and appreciate or analyze it. Many design teams think of their homepage as artwork and invest only in the visual rather than the interaction design of the page. Your homepage's visual design should, of course, be clean and professional since customers do take a first impression from this design. Unlike artwork, however, they are not going to just sit and enjoy the homepage after they've decided it's worth checking out. The homepage is just a stepping stone to their true destination inside your site. Therefore, always invest more in the interaction design of your site. Building lobby A lobby is not a destination in itself; you just pass through it. The homepage too is the entrance point and makes the traffic to pass in different directions. Thus every homepage needs good signage (标记) like the signs in a hospital lobby for the different wards (病房)and departments. Hospital signage gives proper priority for urgent destinations like the emergency room or labor and delivery, and your website should prioritize users' destinations, too. 6 Company receptionist Related to the lobby metaphor is the idea of a human being who directs visitors to the right place, welcomes returning customers, provides friendly and helpful guidance, and makes people feel cared for. These are all valuable qualities for a homepage but can result in annoying and interruptive "assistants" if taken too literally. Book table of contents The design for the table of contents for a book focuses on getting you to one place and provides a hierarchical (分等级的) overview. By giving you a list of choices, the table of contents gets you directly to your choice through page numbers. This metaphor is the one that comes closest to the mechanics of hypertext (超文本) link, which is the foundation of web use. Newspaper front page The front page of a newspaper presents a short, prioritized overview of most important news. Front pages have the advantage of being edited by an authority who selects the content from many contributors. Because of their regular-publishing schedule, newspapers have time to focus on the front page to get it fight. This metaphor should not be taken literally since a printed newspaper is a once-per-day product that is updated on a 24-hour schedule. Websites might need to be updated many times a day or just a few times a month. A newspaper also might have many other elements besides the news, but it doesn't have to represent them all on the front page, because the standard format (格式) for-a newspaper is so recognizable. Websites need to represent many more services on the homepage because the style is less established than newspaper. All these metaphors have some truth to them, but each has ways in which it differs from the true nature of homepages. Websites are not artwork, newspapers, building, or people. It is dangerous to take a single metaphor and use only that. Not only that, it is hard to design a homepage because it must have aspects of all the metaphors. Most designs go too far in one direction. The homepage has multiple goals-and the users also have multiple goals. Sometimes a user arrives at a homepage to find out what the company does--maybe to invest in it or perhaps to place in on a shortlist of possible vendors (卖主). Sometimes a user is researching a specific purchase, and sometimes a user needs to get service and support for products he or she already owns. Trouble is, it's often the same person who flits (突然换位) between goals from one visit to the next. It's not possible to simply divide the users, fit them into neat little boxes, and provide a narrow range of choices to each type-of user. Inexperienced users often feel overwhelmed by homepages that don't clearly help them understand their options. When they can't understand a website; users may become embarrassed and blame themselves; you will rarely hear from them. They will just-leave the site and turn to places that feel more welcoming. 1. This passage mainly discusses the different roles of homepage by analyzing several metaphors related to homepages. 2. In contrast to the homepage, a magazine cover needs to stand out and grab the reader's attention. 3. If the homepage doesn't make a good first impression on the visitors, it should try to impress them on their second visit. 4. More attention should be paid to the interaction design of the website. 7 5. Unlike the lobby of a building, many homepages don't have good signage that prioritizes user's destinations. 6. The homepage possessing the valuable qualities of a receptionist will become annoying to visitors. 7. Websites and newspapers are similar that they both need to be updated once 24 hours. 8. You can learn the most lessons for web design from magazine cover in its job of illustrating__________. inside the magazine, 9. The homepage needs to have __________visual design so as to impress the customers at the first sight. 10. The __________ is usually regarded as the foundation of web use. 8