(完整版)上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结

PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT#上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结一般现在时1、定义： 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有USUaIly,Often,everyday,SometimeSalways，atWeekends，OnSUndays等表示经常性时间的短语。2、构成：）当谓语是be动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语+be动词+其他女口：IamaStUdent.HeisJim'Sfather.TheyarefromJaPan.）当谓语是行为动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语（非第三人称单数）+动词原形+其他女口：IOftenWatChTVattheWeekends.MrGreenandMrSGreenlikecollectingstamps.主语（第三人称单数）+动词的第三人称单数形式+其他女口：JimusuallyViSitShisgrandparentsOnSUndays.SheSOmetimeSgoestotheParkWithhermother.3、动词三单形式的变化规则：般情况下，直接加S如:read-reads,SWim-SWimS以s,X,sh,Ch,o结尾，加es女口：WaSh-WaSheS,WatCh-WatCheS,do-does以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i,再加es女口：StUdy-StUdieS,fly-flies?不规则变化女口：have-has般现在时的句型转换:肯定句否定句般疑问句及回答TheyWatChTVeveryday.Theydon'everyday.tWatChTV—DotheyWatChTVeveryday?—Yes,theydo./No,theydon't.SheWatCheSTVShedoesn'tWatCheveryday.TVeveryday.—DoesSheWatChTVeveryday?—Yes,Shedoes./No,Shedoesn'noW,look,listen等词。现在进行时1、定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有女口：IamWaShingClothesnoW.Look!LiUTaoisClimbingthetree.LiSten!JaneisSinginginthemusicroom.2、构成：be动词(am/is/are)+动词现在分词(V-ing)3、动词现在分词构成：?一般是在动词原形后加ing女口：read-reading,drink-drinking,eat-eating,look-looking?以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e,再加ing女口：Write-Writing，make-making，ride-riding，take-taking?以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写这个字母，再加ing女口：Sit-Sitting，SWim-SWimming，PUt-PUtting，run-running，StOP-StOPPing，get-gettingbegin-beginning，jog-jogging，forget-forgetting4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词，它既有名词性质（可作主语），又有动词性质（可带宾语）。女口：ASkingtheWayMyhobbyiscollectingstamps.HeisgoodatSkating.5、现在进行时的句型转换：肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答Heisrunningnow.Theyaremakingapuppet.一般过去时Heisn'trunningnow.Theyaren'tmakingapuppet.—ISherunningnow?—Yes,heis./No,heisn'.t—Aretheymakingapuppet?—Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't1、定义：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，女口：amomentago，justnow，yesterday，lastWeek，thismorning等。如:MybrotheroftenWenttoschoolbybikelastterm.TheWatChWaSbesidethediaryamomentago.IWatChedthemoonandatethemoonCakeSlastMid-AUtUmnFeStiVal.JimWenttotheSUPermarketyesterday.2、构成：主语+动词的过去式+其他3、动词过去式的变化规则：一般在动词原形末尾加ed女口：PIay-PIayed,listen-listened,look-looked结尾是e的动词，加d女口：live-lived,like-liked,taste-tasted辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i,再加ed女口：StUdy-StUdied,Carry-Carried,Cry-Cried末尾只有一个辅音子母的重读闭音节词，双与这个辅音字母，再加ed如:StOP-StOPPed,plan-planned不规则变化女口：am/is-wasare-werehave/has-haddo-didgo-wentSit-Sattell-toldSee-SaWget-gotmake-madegive-gaveread-readbuy-boughtCOme-Camedraw-dreweat-atefly-flewmeet-metPUt-PUtrun-ranSay-SaidSing-sangSWim-SWamtake-took般过去时的句型转换肯定句否定句般疑问句及回答HeWatChedTVyesterday.Hedidn'tWatChTVyesterday.—DidheWatChTVyesterday?—Yes,hedid./No,hedidn'tTheyPIayedgamesjustnow.Theydidn'tplaygamesjustnow.—Didtheyplaygamesjustnow?—Yes,theydid./No,theydidn't一般将来时1、定义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，以及打算、计划或准备某事。句中一般含有表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrowmorning，nextWeek，thisafternoon等表示将来的时间状语。2、构成：①begongto+动词原形女口：IamgoingtoSeeaBeijingoperatomorrow.WearegoingtomeetatbusstopathalfPaStten.DadandIaregoingtoSeeaBeijingoperathisafternoon.②will+动词原形如:TheywillgoSWimmingthisafternoon.3、begoingto和Will区别：begoingto表示经过事先安排、打算或决定要做的事情，基本上一定会发生；will则表示有可能去做，但不一定发生，也常表示说话人的临时决定。女口：IamgoingtotakePartinaPartythisevening.TheyarecleaningtheIibrarynow.I'llgoandjointhem.begoingto表示近期或眼下就要发生的事情；will表示的将来时间则较远一些。如：HeisgoingtoWriteaIettertomorrow.IwillmeetherOneday.③begoingtotorain.还可以用来表示有迹象表明某件事将要发生，常用于天气等自然现象。如：Look!It'Sgoing4、一般将来时句型转换:肯定句否定句般疑问句及回答SheisgoingtohaveaPiCnictomorrow.TheywillgoSWimmingthisafternoon.Sheisn'tgoingtohaveaPiCniCtomorrow.Theywillnot(wOn't)goSWimmingthisafternoon.—ISShegoingtohaveaPiCnictomorrow?—Yes,Sheis./No,Sheisn'.t—WilltheygoSWimmingthisafternoon?—Yes,theywill./No,theywon't.句法1、陈述句说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构：主语+谓语+其他1)肯定陈述句WealllikePandasVerymuch.2)否定陈述句Hedoesn'tdohouseworkatWeekends3)肯定陈述句改否定陈述句①一般是在be动词或情态动词后加not。—>MaryWaSnotatschoolyesterday.MaryWaSatschoolyesterday.ICanmakeamodelplane.—>ICannotmakeamodelplane.②不含be动词或情态动词的，行为动词前要用助动词的否定式(don't,doesn't,didn't),后面跟动词的原形。Helikesdrawingpictures.—>Hedoesn'tlikedrawingpictures.IWenttotheParkyesterday.—>Ididn'tgototheParkyesterday.4)陈述句改一般疑问句①有be动词或情态动词的，把be动词或情态动词提前。MaryWaSatschoolyesterday.—>WaSMaryatschoolyesterday?ICanmakeamodelplane.—>Canyoumakeamodelplane?②不含be动词或情态动词的句子，借助助动词开头，动词还原成原形。Helikesdrawingpictures.IWenttotheParkyesterday.—>Doeshelikedrawingpictures.—>DidyougototheParkyesterday?2、疑问句用来提出问题，询问情况的句子，末尾用问号。1）一般疑问句：一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实，通常以be动词，助动词或情态动词开头，用yes或no来回答，因此又叫是非疑问句，通常读升调。t.—YeS，lean./No，ICan't.—ISMrGreenfromtheUK?—Doyouhaveanyhobbies?—Canyouplaytheguitar?—YeS，heis./No，heisn—YeS，Ido./No，Idon'.2）特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词引导，要求回答具体问题，不能用yes或no来回答。一HoWdoyougotoworkeveryday?—Igotoworkbyear.3）选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上情况，让对方选择，往往用or连接。—Somecoffee,please.—Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?4）反意疑问句：反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。—It'Safineday,isnYetSitWis.—3、祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事。1）用于第二人称，通常省略you。肯定祈使句：OPenthedoor,please.否定祈使句：Don'tbelateagain.2)用于第一人称和第三人称，通常以Iet(let后跟宾格)或shall开头。Letmehavealook.Let'Splayagamenow.Lethimgohomenow.ShallWemeetatOnethirtyinfrontoftheGardenTheatre?4、感叹句,语气用降调。表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情，句尾常用感叹号（1）What+名词或名词性短语Whatabiggarden（itis）!Whataninterestingstorybook（itis）!WhatlovelyWeather(itis)!WhatPrettygirls(theyare)!2)how+形容词或副词+主语+动词Hownice!Howbeautifultheflowersare!HowtallYaoMingis!5、therebe句型表示在某地有某人或某物。)主语是单数，be动词用is(was);主语是复数，be动词用are(were)Thereissomemilkinthefridge.TherearesomePeaCheSinthebasket.)如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在，be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定。ThereisarulerandfiveknivesinthePeneilcase.TherearefiveknivesandarulerinthePenCilcase.have。3)therebe句型和have/has区别：therebe句型表示某地有某人或某物；have/has表示某人有某物。has用于第三人称单数，其余人称和数用TherearesomeEnglishbooksonthedesk.IhavesomeEnglishbooks.