雅思(听力)历年真题试卷汇编30(题后含答案及解析)

雅思（听力）历年真题试卷汇编30(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.ListeningModuleListeningModule(30minutes&10minutestransfertime)听力原文：AGENT:Hello,EliteTravel,thisisEmilyspeaking,howmayIassistyoutoday?CUSTOMER:Hi,Ihaveagroupvisittoplan,andIwonderwhetheryoucouldhelpmedecideonwhichhoteltobook.IhavenarroweditdowntoeithertheWinchester,theRoyalHotel,ortheStarHotel.Iamwonderingifyouhavearecommendation.AGENT:Iwouldbehappytohelp!Thosethreeareexcellentchoices.Ifeveryoneisbookinghotelroomsindependently,aneasywaytodoitisonlinebooking.TheStarHoteloffersonlinebookingsatnoadditionalcharge.CUSTOMER:Itsoundsfine!AGENT:Yeah,andyoucanevenbookthegorgeous[1]seaviewroomsifyouactquickly.CUSTOMER:Hm,Iwillconsiderthat.Itwouldbegreatsincewearemostlyfirst-timevisitorstotheareatogetaniceviewofthewater.Now,aretherehandicapaccessiblerooms?AGENT:[2]Yes,allthreeoptionshaveaccessforthephysicallydisabled.CUSTOMER:Great.Ishouldalsomentionthatwewillbeonatightschedule,sowewon’thavemuchtimetogooutformeals.Whichofthesehotelsservefood?AGENT:ThereisalimitedcontinentalbreakfastmenuattheStarandattheWinchester.[3]Forafullrestaurantandroomservice,theRoyalHotelisyourbestbet.CUSTOMER:Ohwonderful!Couldyoutellmemoreabouttherestaurant?AGENT:Absolutely.Inthemorningthereisagourmetbuffetoralacarteitem,andafter11a.m.lunchisservedinthediningroom.[4]Dinnersareinanice,low-keybuthighqualitysettinginthehotel’sprivatediningroomandFridaysfeaturethehousejazzband.CUSTOMER:Howlovely!Isthereagroupdiscount?AGENT:No,sorry.NotattheRoyalhotel.Letmecheckontheothers,though.CouldIplaceyouonholdforjustasecond?CUSTOMER:Sure,thanks.AGENT:[5]ItlookslikethereisoneattheWinchester-15%offwhenyoubook8ormorerooms.CUSTOMER:Really?Sold!We’llbookattheWinchester.Wait-isitsuitableforchildrenthough?We’llhaveafewlittleonesinourgroup,anditwouldbegreattohaveawaytokeepthemoccupied.AGENT:Yes.Infact,[6]ithasaplayplacethatkidsjustlove,withslides,andswingsandeverything.Definitelyagoodhoteltobringthekids.CUSTOMER:Okay,great.CUSTOMER:SonowIknowwherewe’llbestaying,whatnext?ShouldIgoaheadandbooktransportationandassignroomsandeverything?AGENT:Well,fornow,thereareonlyafewthingsforyoutotakecareof.Wewillholdablockofroomsforyouassoonasyousenda[7]deposit.Irecommendbookingassoonaspossible,soyouprobablywanttosendthe[8]invitationsassoonasyouknowhowmanyroomstohold.CUSTOMER:Oh,right.Okay,I’llsendtheinvitationsandputdownthedeposit.IsthereanythingelseIshouldtakecareof?AGENT:Great!Anddon’tworryaboutthisnow,butsometimebeforeyouarrivedoletusknowifyou’llberequiringour[9]transportservicetoandfromtheairport.CUSTOMER:I’llmakesuretoletyouknow.Doesthatincuraservicecharge?Orperhapsatip,orsomepresentstoshowourgratitudeforthepersonalcarservice?AGENT:Oh,don’tworryaboutit.Itisafreeservice,soifyouwouldliketotipyouarewelcometodoso,buthoteldriversdonotaccept[10]gifts.CUSTOMER:Thanksforyourhelp!AGENT:Mypleasure.EnjoyyourstayattheWinchester!Whichhotelshavethefollowingfacilities?Writethecorrectletter,A,B,C,orDnexttoquestions1-6.ARoyalHotelBStarHotelCWinchesterHotelDAllThreeHotelsExample:Onlinebooking B1．Seaview正确答案：B解析：注意Example处答案选项为BStarHotel，据此大胆猜测：接下来谈论的很可能还是这家旅馆，当然也可能会转移新的话题。通过“Onlinebooking”回到录音中定位，其后很快出现本题的题干信息“Seaview”，期间并未出现新的旅馆名称，证实了之前猜测的可靠性，答案为BStarHotel。 2．Handicapaccessibility正确答案：D解析：题干已经信息“Handicapaccessibility”录音中以提问形式出现：．．．aretherehandicapaccessiblerooms?本题答案就隐藏在接下来Agent的回答中：…allthreeoptionshaveaccessforthephysicallydisabled，对应选项D。 3．Multiplemealoptions正确答案：A解析：本题核心词是“meal”，且限定为“multiple”。录音中会先听到：Thereisalimited…attheStarandattheWinchester，即可推断A为正确选项。随后Agent又提到：Forafull…service，theRoyalHotelisyourbestchoice，确定答案为A。 4．Privatedining正确答案：A解析：本题注意是上一题的延伸，继续关于吃饭话题。题干信息“Privatedining”在录音中原词重现，承接上一题中的RoyalHotel。 5．Groupdiscount正确答案：C解析：注意第一时间听到了陷阱选项A，但录音中予以了否定：no，…NotattheRoyalHotel；随后听到“…Winchester一15％”，所以答案显而易见为C。 6．Children’splayarea正确答案：C解析：本题承接上一题，就WinchesterHotel继续问是否有适合儿童玩耍的区域，对应选项C。 Completethesentencesbelow.WriteONE word word文档格式规范word作业纸小票打印word模板word简历模板免费word简历 ONLYforeachanswer.7．Themanneedstosendhis______tothehotel.正确答案：deposit解析：这两道题需填写顾客应立马去做的两件事。词性判断两处都需要填写名词，两件事分别为：提供deposit(押金)给旅馆；发送invitations(邀请)。注意两题答案给得比较近，所以下笔速度要快。 8．Healsoneedstomake______immediately.正确答案：invitations 9．Thehotelmustbealertedinadvanceifguestswillneedhelpwith______.正确答案：transport/transportation解析：题干中的“inadvance”为时间提示词，预示答案所在句应该为顾客需要提前做的事，同时预判答案应为名词。顾客在询问“isthereanythingelse…”时，就需要注意新出现的具体名词。录音中提到：…beforeyouarrivedoletusknow…，判断答案为transport。 10．Thereisnoneedtoprepare______forhoteldrivers.正确答案：gifts/presents解析：听力填空题通常所听即所得。题千中的“hoteldrivers”是重要定位词，录音中其后出现的名词gifts即为答案，此处也可以填写presents，相对简单、必拿下! 听力原文：LadiesandGentlemenofDurham,startyourengines!SkipGordonhereinvitingyoutotheeleventhannualDurhamCountyCarExhibition!That’sright,it’sthattimeofyearagain!Markyourcalendars-thepre-openingeventkicksoffonthe18th,andtheexhibition[11]officiallyopenstothepubliconSaturday,March19th.Takeitfromme-youwon’twanttomissDurham’smostattendedpubliceventoftheyear5timesrunning.Youdon’thavetobeamotorheadtoappreciatethefinestcarsbothnewandoldinexistencetoday,butithelps!Beoneofthe[12]70,000peopletoseeeverythingfrombigrigmonstertruckstogoodoldfashionclassichotrods.Getyourticketsnow!Admissionis￡10foradultsand[13]￡5forchildrenduringoff-peaktimes,and￡20foradultsand￡10forchildrenandseniorcitizensonweekendsandforfull-daypasses.Comeseevintageclassics,bidintheauctions,andeventestoutafewontheWinner’sCircleRacetrack.Aninsidertip-[14]weekendsaretheexacttimewhenallofthebestattractionstakeplace,buttoavoidSaturdaycrowdsjoinusthisSunday.You’llseeme-SkipGordon-andallyourfriendsfromWKXPtherethisSundayatourveryownbooth,sostopbyandsayhiandyoumightjustwinaprizeofyourown.Anewattractionthisyearwillbetheadditionofanewcarcategory.[15]electricity,namelytheelectriccarclass.SeedisplaysfromToyota,Honda,and-youguessedit-Tesla!Watchasthefirstgenerationoffullyelectriccarscompeteonstyle,ride,andwatchthemainentertainmentasthere’sgoingtobeafabulousshowof[16]racingcartoseewhotakeshomefastestbatterypoweredcar.Whilenottypicallyknownfortheirspeed,thisnewclassisguaranteedtosurpriseyou.Getticketsbeforetheysellout!Lastyear’sticketssoldoutfast,sowe[17]uppedtheattendancethisyear.That’sright,moreseats!Butdon’twait-actnowandsave!That’sright-ifyoubuyyourticketsbeforethisFriday,you’llgettwoforthepriceofone.That’sright,TWOforthepriceofone!And[18]don’tworrykids,justlikelastyear,there’ssomethingspeciallyforyou!WreakhavocontheroadwiththeKidsKrazyCarsride,andthenRacearoundtheTinyTykesTrackinyourfavoritechild-sizedracecar.MeanwhileMomandDadcantakeaspininarideabitmorethantheirsize.We’rerollingoutamassivedirttracksoyoucangetbehindthewheelandtestdrivesomethingalittlemoreadventurous.Putthepedaltothemetal[19]ina4by4SUVasyougooverbumpsandnavigatethroughtwistsandturns-you’llwanttobuckleup!Youheardithere-actnowtogetinonthefunattheDurhamCountyCarShowbeforeit’stoolate.Comeforprizes,goodprices,andgoodoldfashionedfamilyfun.[20]WehadaluckydrawforaNEWcarlastyear,butthisyearourmaineventistheMonsterTruckRally,whereoneluckyfanwillwinachanceexperiencethethrillfrombehindthewheel-well,nexttothewheelastheyridewithlegendarydriverSmashTate!Feelthespeedfirsthandandtalktoalivinglegendinatrueonce-in-a-lifetimeopportunity.Fortickets,goonlinetowww.durhamcountycars.com,orcall1-888-CAR-SHOWnow.We’llseeyouthere!Andalwaysremembertobuckleup!Completetheformbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.DurhamCountryCarShowPublicgrandopeningdate:【L11】______Numberofviewers:【L12】______Off-peakdayprice:￡10foradults【L13】￡______forchildrenBestdaytovisit:【L14】______Newcarcategory:【L15】______Entertainmentincluded:【L16】______11．【L11】正确答案：March19(th)/19March解析：本题需填日期。题干中问的是“openingdate”，所以记录日月即可。注意月份的首字母需大写，同时不要填成“星期”，“星期”是用day来提问。 12．【L12】正确答案：70,000解析：本题为数字题，比较简单。注意大数字的读法，比如本题的答案70,000读作seventythousand。听的过程中可先记阿拉伯数字70，再记单词thousand的缩略形式，最后填写答题卡时转换成正确的阿拉伯数字，以免当下太紧张弄错零的个数。 13．【L13】正确答案：5解析：同上为数字题。注意限定词为“Off-peakday(平日)”和“children”，通过前一信息“￡10foradults”定位，即可抓到答案。注意其后还会出现陷阱信息，即针对大人和儿童的假日价，要注意分辨。 14．【L14】正确答案：Sunday解析：本题限定词为“day”，所以此处应填星期。注意先听到的Saturday为陷阱信息：在这一天会有很多人来参观，应该尽量避免，随后出现的Sunday才是最佳参观日。 15．【L15】正确答案：electricity解析：本题中，限定词为“newcategory”，词性判断需填名词。录音出现：Anewattraction…anewcarcategory，预示答案即将出现，注意该词的正确拼写。 16．【L16】正确答案：racingcar解析：本题题干中“Entertainment”一词在录音中原词重现，答案比较容易抓取。注意题目字数限制，“showofracingcar”最终取舍为racingcar。 Whenwerethefollowingfeaturesincludedinanautoshow?Writethecorrectletter,A,B,orCnexttoquestions17-20.AlastyearBthisyearCboth17．Highernumberofseats正确答案：B解析：先提到去年的情况——门票很快卖光了，接着说：…soweuppedtheattendancethisyear．．．moreseats”，与题干“highernumberofseats”信息对应，故选B。 18．Funforchildren正确答案：C解析：本题限定词为“children”，考查的是关于儿童的娱乐活动。录音原文：．．．don’tworrykids，justlikelastyear．．．”，由此推断选C。 19．4×4testdrive正确答案：C解析：此题承接上一题，用meanwhile顺接。可通过题干已知信息去录音中定位，先后听到testdrive及4x4，虽无明显的年份限定，但根据上题推断答案为C。 20．Luckydrawforcar正确答案：A解析：通过题干已知信息“luckydraw”去录音中定位，该词在录音中原词重现，且之后紧接lastyear，所以答案为A。注意该信息 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 述之后紧接but转折，但是是在说明thisyear换成了别的活动，该信息帮助我们肯定了之前所选。 听力原文：STUDENT:Hi,ProfessorJamison,Iwashopingwecouldtalkthisweekaboutchoosingcoursesfornextsemester.TUTOR:Thatsoundsgreat!Anyideayetwhatyouwouldliketotake?STUDENT:Well,Iwashopingyoucouldkindoftellme.Therearesomanytochoosefrom.Idon’tevenknowwheretostart!TUTOR:Sure.Well,firstthing’sfirst.Doyouknowwhatyouwillmajorin?Itisimportanttotakecoursesthatare[21]relevanttoyourcareerpath.STUDENT:Well,IthinkIwanttomajorinBiology.Iwanttogotomedicalschool,soitseemslikeitwouldmakesense.TUTOR:Iagree-ifyoulikeBiology,itisdefinitelyagoodideatofocusonthatsincesomanyoftherequirementsoverlap.STUDENT:Okay,soIshouldtakeafewBiologyclassesthen?TUTOR:Yes.Let’sstartthere.YoushouldpickoneortwoBiologyclasses.NotjustanyBiologyclasses,though![22]Ifpossible,readonlineortalktoseniorfellowsandfindoutaboutthestructureofthecourses.Youdon’twanttoendupsigningupfortwoclassesthatrequirelabsinthesamesemester-you’llspendsomuchtimeintheBiologyDepartmentthatyouwon’tseethelightofday.STUDENT:Ohright,goodidea.Iheardlabscanbeaslongas4hours.TUTOR:Thatistrue.[23]Andanotherthing-makesurethetopiciseitherrelevanttoyourmajor,orsomethingyouareinterestedinlearningabout.Itsoundsobvious,butdonotjusttakeaclassbecauseyouhearditwaseasy,orbecauseitdoesnotrequireattendance.STUDENT:Ofcoursenot.Thoughitwouldbereallynicetohaveatleastoneclass,that’salittlebitlessrigorousthantheonesI’mtakingthissemester.Ibarelysleepasitiswithallthisstudying.TUTOR:Thatmayhavemoretodowithyourstudyhabits,thoughIdon’tdisagreethatyourscheduleisreallydifficultthissemester.TUTOR:SoanyideawhichBiologyclassesyoumaydecideonfornextsemester?STUDENT:Well,IwasthinkingoftakingHumanPhysiology-itsoundsrelevantandinteresting.TUTOR:Ithinkitisaninterestingclass,butIwouldrecommendagainstit.YouarealreadyinHumanAnatomy,whichalsocoversPhysiologysoitwouldberepetitive,and[24]probablynotthebestuseofyourtime.STUDENT:IfIalreadyknowsomeofthestuff,IcouldtakeittoboostmyGPAalittlebit.TUTOR:Um,youcouldmaybedothat,excepttheprofessorthatteachesitisfamousforgivingoutthefewestA’sofanyprofessor.STUDENT:Ohwow.Nevermind.TUTOR:Now,changingsubjects,haveyoudecidedyetonyourresearchtopic?STUDENT:Well,Iactuallydecided.Idon’twanttodoaresearchpaper.I’mgoingtodoadissertationinstead.[25]IthinkIwillmuchmoreenjoycomingupwithathesisandfindingallthedetailstosupportit.TUTOR:Isee.Didn’tyoualreadydosomeoftheresearchthough?Whathappenedtothat?STUDENT:Well,Istarteddoingresearch.[26]ThenthemoredataIcollected,themorecomplicatedthingsgot.IrealisedIwouldhavetotakealotmorestepstorandomisethesample,andthenIrealisedIwouldneedtocontrolformorefactors.TUTOR:Isee.Whatkindofdatacollectiondidyoudo?STUDENT:[27]IinterviewedemployeesatthewatertreatmentfacilityafterProfessorDickinsonrecommendedit.TUTOR:Iunderstand.Well,theresearchpapercouldbemuchmoreoutsidework,butitmaybeworthitifthatiswhatyouareinterestedin.STUDENT:No,Iamalothappierjustdoingthedissertation.TUTOR:That’sfinewithme.Justremember,youneedtofinishyourfirstdraftandsenditinsoon.It’salreadythemiddleofFebruary!STUDENT:Ohwow,itis,isn’tit?Ijusthavetofinishitbytheendof[28]March,right?TUTOR:Yep,butdon’tforget!Thedatewillreallysneakuponyou.STUDENT:OK,I’llmakesuretosetremindersinmycalendar.AndwhodoItalktoaboutregisteringmydissertation?TUTOR:YoushouldgototheDepartmentOffice,andthentalktothe[29]secretary.STUDENT:IthoughtIneededtotalktotheDepartmentHead.TUTOR:Notforregistering.Ifyouneedhelpdevelopingyourdissertation,that’swhenyoushouldgototheDepartmentHead.STUDENT:Oh,Isee.AndwhowouldIseeaboutgettingaccesstothedatabaseofpastresearchonmytopic?TUTOR:[30]Thatyoucanfindinthecomputerlab,specificallyintheoffice-you’llhavetoaskalabtechniciantogiveyouaccess.STUDENT:Okay.Well,I’llgoaheadandgetstartedonthatthen.Thanks!ChooseTHREEletters,A-G.WhichTHREEfactorsshouldthestudentconsiderwhileselectingcourses?AclasstimeBcoursetopicCamountofhomeworkDeaseofcourseErelevanttofuturecareerFcoursestructureGprofessorreputation21．正确答案：B解析：本题型为多选题，需选学生选课要考虑的因素。整个对话场景是学生咨询、老师回答，所以此题答案集中在老师的回答里。老师分三次回答，依次说到选课依据为“careerpath”、“structure”和“topic”，分别对应E、F、B，答案顺序上乱序没有关系。 22．正确答案：E 23．正确答案：F Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.24．ThetutorrecommendsagainsttakingHumanPhysiologybecauseitwouldnotbethebestA．timemanagement.B．chanceatearninganA.C．topicforaresearchpaper.正确答案：A解析：题千里的专有名词“HumanPhysiology”是重要的定位词，不推荐选该课的原因在老师的回答中：…notthebestuseofyourtime，即选项Atimemanagement的意思。 25．ThestudentdecidestodoadissertationbecauseA．hetakesittoboosthisGPA.B．helikestodevelopmoresupportivedetails.C．hewantstoconductmoreinterviews.正确答案：B解析：本题的主体是学生，所以答案会在学生的回答里。题干中的“dissertation”是重要的定位词，录音材料中学生回答为：．．．enjoycomingupwithathesisandfindingallthedetailstosupportit，与选项B吻合。注意A为干扰项，这不是学生选择做dissertation的原因，而是他选择HumanPhysiology课的原因。 26．ThestudentthoughttheresearchpaperwasA．alreadycompleted.B．worthfinishing.C．toocomplicated.正确答案：C解析：本题同上，主体为学生，所以答案会存在于他的回答中。老师询问研究进展是提示，男生的回答中包含答案：．．．themoredataIcollected，themorecomplicatedthingsgot，故选C。 27．ThemethodofdatacollectionwasA．interviews.B．labstudies.C．questionnaires.正确答案：A解析：本题需选数据收集方法，要对常规的数据收集方法耳熟能详。该学生回答：Iinterviewedemployees…，所以选项A为正确答案。 Completethesentencesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.28．Firstdraftshouldbefinishedbytheendof______.正确答案：March解析：本题中，“firstdraft”是雅思听力学术场景里涉及 论文 政研论文下载论文大学下载论文大学下载关于长拳的论文浙大论文封面下载 话题的高频词汇，也是此题的重要定位词。注意先听到的February是陷阱，时间上被限定为“theendof”，答案是March。 29．Dissertationshouldberegisteredwiththe______intheDepartmentOffice.正确答案：secretary解析：通过预判，此处要填名词。题干中的“dissertation”和“DepartmentOffice”是重要定位词，录音随后再出现的新的名词secretary即为答案。 30．Thestudentcangettherelevantdatabasefromthe______Office.正确答案：Computer解析：通过读题，推断为某类别的“Office”。再通过“database”进行定位，答案会在老师的回答里：．．．youcanfindinthecomputerlab，specificallyintheoffice。由于题目要求只填一个单词，所以保留computer即可。注意空格后的Office首字母大写，所以答案的首字母理应大写。 听力原文：Goodmorning,everyone.Intoday’slecture,I’mgoingtotalkabouttheroleofsleepinhumansandanimals.Ofallthebiologicalprocessesintheanimalkingdom,sleepisperhapsthemostimportant.Ahumancansurviveforalmosttwoweekswithouteating,butdidyouknowthatoneweekwithoutsleepcanbefatal?It’sevenworseforanimals,especiallyforthosewhomustavoidpredators.Withoutsleep,ananimalismuchlesscapableofavoidingan[31]attack-thisisthecaseforallanimals,whethertheyarereptiles,[32]mammalsorfish.Letuslooknowathowdifferentanimalssleep,reasonsfortheirwaysofrest,andthepotentialproblemstheymightencounter.Inmarinelife,sleepmustbebalancedwithbreathing.Forexample,thedolphinmustfloattothesurfaceasitsleepsinorderto[33]breathe.Likeotherlargeseamammals,theykeeponeeyeopenandonehalfofthebrainawakeatalltimestomaintainsomeamountofconsciousnessrequiredtobreatheandtowatchoutforpossiblethreats.Theysleepwithonlyonebrainhemisphereinslow-wavesleep.Birdsalsohaveunusualsleepingpatterns,mostlyduetobeingconstantlyon[34]edgeinthepresenceofnumerouspredators.Theyusuallysleepquitelightly-forexample,Swainson’sThrush,alsocalledOlive-backedThrush,isamedium-sizedthrushthattakeshundredsofnapsduringtheday,eachofwhichlastsjustafewseconds.Whilemigrating,migratorybirdstendtofunctionwellonmicronaps.Horses,ontheotherhand,domostoftheirsleepingstandingup.Scientiststhinkthathorsesdeveloptheirhabitofsleepinguprightasadefensemechanism,awayofprotectingthemselvesagainstpredators,andastandingpositionkeepsahorseinaconstantstateofreadinesstoraceawayifdangershouldapproach.Also,horsesdooccasionallytakeshortnapslyingdown.Horsesareheavyanimalswithbigmuscles,buttheir[35]bonesaresurprisinglydelicate,solyinginonepositionforalongtimecouldwellinjureahorse.Justlikehumans,animalscanalsohave[36]sleepingproblems.Dr.JohnHedricksandAdrianMorrisonfromtheSchoolofVeterinaryMedicine,UniversityofPennsylvaniainPhiladelphia,determinedthatcertaindiseaseswereprimarilyassociatedwiththesleepstatesinanimals.Intheirresearchtheyemphasisedthatbecausesomuchinthisareastillremainsunclear,animalmodelswereveryimportantforstudiesofsleepdisorders.Thephysiologyofsleepinanimalsissimilartothatofhumans.Butwhydowehumanssleep?Researchersandscientistsbelieveithelpsusorganiseour[37]memoriesoftheday-thatsleepactsasakindoffilingsystemforthebrain.Withoutit,ourthoughtsbecomedisorderlyandconfused,whichleadstoincreasedlikelihoodofaccidentsandatendencytosayanddobizarrethings.Researchersalsobelievethatsleepplaysakeyrolein[38]learning.Wesleepsothatthebraincanintegratenewknowledgeandformnewassociations.Becauseofthesimilarsleepingpatterntothatofhumans,[39]ratsareoftenstudiedinordertoincreaseourknowledgeofhumanphysiology.Inonestudy,ratswerekeptawakeforalmosttwoweeks,andtheirbehaviorwasobserved.Researchersfoundthesleep-deprivedratscouldhardlyrememberanythingofwhattheyhadbeentaughtthatday.Forexample,onerathadbeentaughttorecognisepicturesofvariousParisianlandmarksinordertoreceivefood-pressingabuttonbelowapictureoftheLouvrewouldresultinfoodbeingreleasedandsoforth.However,whendeprivedofsleep,theywouldpressbuttonsseeminglyatrandom.Inadditiontorats,thefruitfly,asmallinsectthatfeedsandbreedsonspoiledfruit,alsohasbeenusedasamodelorganismandthousandsofscientistsaroundtheworldworkonit.Butwhywasthefruitflychosentobestudied?Itwasforpracticalreasons.Themostimportantoneisthattherelationshipbetweenflyandhumangenesissoclosethatthesequencesofnewlydiscoveredhumangenes,includinggenesthatshowasusceptibility,canoftenbematchedagainsttheirflycounterparts.Thisprovidesanindicationofthefunctionofthehumangeneandcouldhelpinthedevelopmentofeffectivedrugstohelppeoplewithsleepingdisorders.Therefore,manyscientiststodaychoosetostudythe[40]geneticstructureofthefruitfly,whichcouldmakeaparticularlyimportantcontributiontotheunderstandingofdevelopmentalprocessesinhumans.Inconclusion,sleepisanecessarypartoflifenotjustforhumans,butfortheentireanimalkingdom.Now,I’dbehappytoansweranyquestionsyoumayhave...Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.TheroleofsleepinhumansandanimalsImportanceofsleepinanimalsComparedtothosewithoutfood,animalswithoutsleeparemorelikelytosufferfrom【L31】______Sleepisnecessaryforallanimals,whethertheyarereptiles,【L32】______orfish.Differencesinanimals’sleepandreasonsfortheirwaysofrestingDolphinsswimtothesurfacewhensleeping,becausetheyneedto【L33】______Birdsareconstantly【L34】______inthepresenceofnumerouspredators.Horsesdomostoftheirsleepingstandingup.dooccasionallytakeshortnapslyingdown.Lyinginonepositionforalongtimecouldwellinjureahorse,becausetheir【L35】______aredelicate.PotentialproblemsencounteringAnimalscanalsohave【L36】______,thesameashumans.ImportanceofsleepinhumansIthelpsustoorganiseour【L37】______oftheday.Itplaysakeyrolein【L38】______.e.g.Becauseofthesimilarsleepingpatterntothatinhumans,【L39】______arestudiedinordertoincreaseourknowledgeofhumanphysiology.Scientistschoosetostudythe【L40】______ofthefruitflyinordertoknowthefunctionofthehumangeneandunderstanddevelopmentalprocessesinhumans.31．【L31】正确答案：attack解析：作为大纲填空题的第一题，定位上略难，整篇文章都在比较人类和动物的睡眠，所以sleep不能作为有效的定位词。但这里拿“进食”和sleep作对比，是不错的提示。当录音出现withoutsleep时，则需重点听后续内容，此题填名词attack。 32．【L32】正确答案：mammals解析：本题考查名词并列结构。其中，并列关系里一头一尾的reptiles和fish已给，一定会按照顺序报出夹在中间的、需填写的动物类别。此题简单易拿分，mammals意为“哺乳动物”，注意拼写及其复数形式。 33．【L33】正确答案：breathe解析：首先，词性预判此处需填动词。此外，该句位于第一种动物“Dolphins”之下，该词帮助我们定位，题干中的“surface”原词重现，确定答案为动词breathe(呼吸)。注意不要写成名词breath，该词发音为。 34．【L34】正确答案：onedge解析：本题在“Birds”标题下，空前后的已知信息几乎未变、直接出现在录音中。此题可能在读音上需要多加注意，尤其注意该短语的连读发音。 35．【L35】正确答案：bones解析：本题在“Horses”小标题下，词性判断填名词且为复数。题干中“delicate”这一形容词录音中原词重现，答案为bones。 36．【L36】正确答案：sleepingproblems解析：本题通过词性判断需填名词。题干中“thesameashumans”在录音中同义替换为“justlikehumans”，得知答案为sleepingproblems，注意为复数形式。 37．【L37】正确答案：memories解析：本题开始围绕人类睡眠展开话题，所以当录音开