教你怎么写-topic-sentencePPT课件

ParagraphWritingParagraphWritingWhatisthestructureofaparagraph?TheTopicSentenceSupportingsentencesTheconcludingsentenceThisisthestructureofaparagraph!Generallyspeaking,thesethreedifferenttypesofsentencesplaydifferentrolesinaparagraph:Topicsentence;Supportingsentences;Concludingsentence.asentencetotellthereaderwhattheparagraphismainlyabout.sentencestogivemoredetailedinformationaboutthetopicsentence.asentencetoendaparagraphortosummarize( 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf ）theideas.(主 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 句)(扩展句/阐述句)(结论句/结尾句)TheTopicSentenceThecharacteristicsofatopicsentenceThepositionsofatopicsentenceTheCharacteristics1)Thetopicsentencemustbeacompletesentence.2)Thetopicsentenceshouldalwayscontainbothatopicandacontrollingidea.TheTopicSentence=Topic+ControllingIdea3)Thetopicsentenceshouldbeneithertoogeneralnortoospecific.Examples:1)Theimportanceofreadingwidely.Readingwidelyisveryimportantinimprovingone’sreadingcomprehension.2)Fireaccidentsinbigcities.Recentyearshavewitnessedamarkedgrowthoffireaccidentsinbigcitiesinourcountry.3)Tomakeallthedecisionsforchildren.ParentsinChinatendtomakeallthedecisionsfortheirchildren.Thetopictellsthereaderwhattheparagraphisabout.Thecontrollingideaisakeywordorphrasethatexpressesthebasicpointofaparagraph.Note:acontrollingideacommitstheparagraphtoaspecificaspectofthetopic.e.g.1)Conveniencefoodsareeasytoprepare.2)Alcoholicbeveragesshouldbebannedfromcollegecampusesfortworeasons.3)TherearequiteafewunusualsuperstitionsinChinaaboutmarriage.(general)(specific)ReadthefollowingtopicsentencesandthenidentifythetopicandthecontrollingideaineachsentencePeoplecanavoidburglariesbytakingcertainprecautions. Thereareseveraladvantagestogrowingupinasmalltown. MostUSuniversitiesrequirea550pointTOEFLscoreforanumberofreasons. AirpollutioninMexicoCityistheworstintheworldforanumberofreasons.Fixingaflattireonabicycleiseasyifyoufollowthesesteps.Ridingabicyclegivespleasure.ThereareseveralenjoyablewaystotravelbetweentheUSandQueretaro.Animalsindangerofbecomingextinctcomefromawiderangeofcountries. Effectiveleadershiprequiresspecificqualitiesthatanyonecandevelop. IndustrialwastepouredintoLakeMichiganhasledtodramaticchangesinitsabilitytosupportmarinelife. InordertofullyexplorethewreckoftheTitanic,scientistsmustaddressseveralproblems. Discussion:whichofthefollowingstatementisgeneral,specificorsuitable?Group11)Americanfoodisterrible.2)AmericanfoodistastelessandgreasybecauseAmericansusetoomanycanned,frozen,andpackagedfoodsandbecauseeverythingisfriedinoilorbutter.3)Americanfoodistastelessandgreasy.(toogeneral)(toospecific)(suitable)Group21)Manyvoterssupportedthecandidate.2)Manyvoterspassivelysupportedthecandidate.Group31)Toplayanykindofmusicalinstrument,oneneedstoknowsomethingabouttheinstrument.2)Toplayanykindofdrumrequiresagoodsenseofrhythm.(toogeneral)(toogeneral)(suitable)(suitable)Herearesomeexamplesofsentencesthatcannotbeusedastopicsentences.Canyoufigureoutwhytheyareinappropriate? 1)MyhometownisfamousbecauseitislocatedbyWheatonRiver,whichisverywide,andbecauseitisbuiltnearanunusuallysteephillcalledWheatonHill.Analysis:Theproblemwiththissentenceisthatitcontainstoomanydetails.Topicsentencesaregeneral,anddetailsshouldappearlaterintheparagraph.Revised:Myhometownisfamousforseveralamazinggeographicalfeatures.2)Therearetworeasonswhysomepeopleliketobuycarswithautomatictransmissionandtworeasonswhyotherslikecarswithmanualtransmission.Analysis:Thissentenceisnotappropriateasatopicsentencebecauseitmentionstwotopics,notjustone.Paragraphsareusuallyaboutonemainthingandsotheirtopicsentencesshouldalsobeaboutonlyonemainthing.Revised:a)Therearetworeasonswhysomepeopleliketobuycarswithautomatictransmission. OR(inadifferentparagraph):b)Therearetworeasonswhysomepeoplelikecarswithmanualtransmission.3)Cloudsarewhite.AnalysisTheproblemwiththissentenceisthatitistoogeneral.Itisalsoveryboring!Wouldyouliketoreadaparagraphwiththistopicsentence?Mostpeoplewouldnot.RevisedTheshapesofcloudsaredeterminedbyvariousfactors.DifferentPositionsOfaTopicSentencetypeThepositionsofthetopicsentenceAtthebeginningofaparagraphAttheendofaparagraphInthemiddleofaparagraphNocleartopicsentenceWorkingroupsoffourandfindthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph!1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness)----cancer,cigarettesmokingcanalsocauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.3Everybridewantsherweddingtobethemostwonderfuldayofherlife.Butperfectweddingsrequirecarefulplanning,whetherthebrideandbridegroomareplanningatraditionalweddingorjustaregistryofficeceremony.Payingforthewedding,whichisalwaysaproblem,willpartlydecidethechoice.TomstudiedforfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetailConclusion1：Howcanwegetthemainideaofaparagraph？(1)Wecangetthemainideaofaparagraphbyfinding_______________，whichmayappearatthebeginningof,inthemiddleoforattheendofaparagraph;(2)Ifwecan’tfindatopicsentencefromtheparagraph,we’llhavetothemainideafromthewholeparagraphourselvesthetopicsentencegeneralize(归纳）.Readthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandwriteatopicsentenceforeachparagraphinthespaceprovided..FamousinventorThomasEdison,forinstance,didsopoorlyinhisfirstyearsofschoolthathisteacherwarnedhisparentsthathewouldneverbeasuccessatanything.Similarly,HenryFord,thefatheroftheautoindustry,hadtroubleinschoolwithbothreadingandwriting.ButperhapsthebestexampleisAlbertEinstein,whoseparentsandteacherssuspectedthathewasretardedbecauseherespondedtoquestionssoslowlyandinastutteringvoice.Einstein’shighschoolrecordwaspoorineverythingbutmath,andhefailedhiscollegeentranceexamsthefirsttime.Evenoutofschoolthemanhadtroubleholdingajob---untilheannouncedthetheoryofrelativity.ManyscientistshadverybadproficiencyrecordsintheirschooldaysAssignment★Quotethreeparagraphswithcleartopicsentencesinyourreadingmaterials★Thetopicsentencesinthesethreeparagraphsshouldbepositionedindifferentplaces.★Thetopicsentencesshouldbeunderlinedoritalicized.★Theassignmentcaneitherbehandwrittenorbeprinted.★TheassignmentistobehandedinNextweek.Assignment—GroupWorkDesignaquizpaperconcerningthetopicsentence★fourmembersinagroup★eachpaperconsistsoffiveproblems★thefiveproblemscanbeindifferentkinds(eithersubjectiveorobjective)★Thetopicsentencesshouldbepositionedindifferentplaces.★thekeysshouldbeincludedonanotherpieceofpaper.★thenamesofthegroupmembersshouldbeprintedatthebottomofthequizpaperThankyou!