特殊背景词汇
1. Education
Student-centered a.以学生为中心的 (美国主流教学法)
Interactive lecture n.互动式授课
Seminar n. 研讨会
Group discussion n. 小组讨论
Teaching assistant n. 助教
Pedagogy n.教学法
Teaching Methodology n. 教学法
Credit n. 学分
Withdraw v. 退课
GPA(Grade Point Average) n.平均分数
Feedback n. 反馈
Team spirit n. 团队精神
Response n.答复;(读
书
关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf
) 感想
Project n. 课
题
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,计划,
方案
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Evaluation n. 评估,评价
Assessment n. 评分,测试,评定
Assignment n. 作业 (可数名词)
Versatile a.全面发展的
Humanities n.人文科学
Fine Arts n. 美术
Liberal arts/studies n. 文科总称
Sciences n.理科
Engineering n. 工科总称;
工程
路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理
学
Home schooling n.在家教育
Schooling n. 学校给学生的教育
Parenting n. 家长给孩子的教育
Curriculum n.课程总称
Curiosity n. 好奇心
Creativity n. 创造力
Intrinsic motivation n. 内在动机
Extrinsic motivation n. 外在动机
Generalist n. 通才
Specialist n. 专才
Distraction n. 干扰
Teacher centered a. 以教师为中心
Role model n. 榜样
Original a. 原创的
Self-esteem n. 自尊
Self-recognition n. 自我认知
Illiterate n. 文盲
Literacy n. 对文字及技能的掌握
Single-parent family n. 单亲家庭
Enlightening a. 很有启发的
Botany n. 植物学
Astronomy n. 天文学
Psychological
soundness/well-being
/welfare
n. 心理健康
Consult(ant) vt./n.咨询
Learn things by rote 死记硬背
Test-oriented education 应试教育
Misbehavior/ mischief n. 不遵守纪律
Theoretical knowledge 理论知识
Bilingual a. 双语的
Monolingual a. 单语的,只用一种语言的
Field of study 研究领域
Secondary school 中学
Assign homework 布置作业
Attend a summer camp 参加夏令营
Attend classes 上课
Attend college/university 上大学
Be competent in 在…方面有能力,胜任
Expand one’s knowledge 扩展知识
Earn a credit 获得学分
Develop expertise in 培养…专长
Career preparation 职业准备
Be/get involved in outdoor
activities
参于户外活动
Compulsory subjects 必修课程
Use/update school facilities 使用/更新学校设施
Orientation course 新生引导课程
Real life experience 现实生活经验
Put a priority on 优先考虑
Learn by oneself 自学
Promote creative thinking 促进创造性思维
Pursue one’s individual
interest
追求个人兴趣
Prevent school violence 阻止学校暴力
Optional subjects 选修课
Offer an educational
opportunity
提供一个教育机会
Make a change in 做一个改变
Major in 主修
Have a diploma in 获得…学位
Have a strong impact on 对…重要的影响
Graduate from school 毕业
Feel peer pressure 感到来自同龄人的压力
Extracurricular activities 课外活动
Go through puberty 经历青春期
Gain updated information 获得最新信息
Private school 私立学校
Increase the education budget 增加学校预算
2. Media
TV commercials n.电视商品广告
Dependable/trustworthy a.可靠的
Brand/designer clothes 名牌服饰
Coverage n. 报道
Journalists n. 记者
Reporter n. 记者
Informative n. 信息量大的
Entertaining a.娱乐性强的
Commodity n. 商品
Commercialized a.商业化的
Privacy n.隐私
Ratings n.收视率
Go viral 在网络上走红
The press n. 新闻界
Icon n. 偶像(Idol )、象征(Michael Jordan )
Poster n. 海报
Censor n. 审查
Paparazzi n. (集体名词)狗仔队
Groupies n. (多半指女孩)追星族
Billboard n. (美)大幅广告牌
Quiz show 有奖竞猜节目
Reality show 真人秀节目
Sitcom 情景喜剧
Soap opera 肥皂剧
Current affairs 时事
The print media 印刷媒体
The electronic media 电子媒体
Variety show 综艺节目
News outlets 报道新闻的媒体
Excessive violent and
pornographic contents
过多的暴力与色情内容
Fraudulent a.诈骗性的
False/bogus a.虚假的
Report sth. in graphic details 报道非常详尽的细节
Objective and balanced 公正客观的
Violate/intrude on/infringe on
someone’s privacy
侵犯隐私
Tarnish (or sully/ smear/
besmirch ) one’s reputation
毁坏某人的名誉
Cover up/gloss over/
whitewash
v.掩盖
Celebrities/ Celebrity n. 名人
Factual accounts 如实的描述
Scrutinize v. 监督/ 仔细检查
Code of ethics 道德准则
Ubiquitous/prevalent a.无处不在的
The glitz and glamour (明星的)光环
Gossip n. 八卦
Fabricated a.捏造的
3. Family and friends
Considerate a.体贴的,体谅的
Show consideration 体现关心
Mutual respect 相互尊重
Be dedicated to 致力于
A position of trust n. 信任 a breach of trust, a lack of trust
place, put | build (up), develop | earn,
gain, win | abuse, betray trust
Be committed to 致力于
Be emotionally attached to 情感上依附于……
Be hospitable to 对…友好
Be isolated from 孤立于
Build social skills 培养社会技能
Feel an attraction to
感觉被…吸引
Feel secure 感觉安全
Follow in one’s footsteps 效仿某人
Form public opinion 形成舆论
Form an organization 建立组织
Support
n.支持 express, pledge, reaffirm, show,
bolster, broaden, build (up), increase,
strengthen support
Have a sense of community 有社区意识
Have a tendency to 倾向于…
Have high standards 高标准
Improve public transportation 改善公共交通
It is generally agreed that… 普遍认同
Keep an eye on 照看,留心
Keep something in mind 牢记在心
Keep up with 跟上
Live in a suburban area 住在郊区
Make a contribution to 为…做贡献
Participate in community activities 参加社区活动
Pass on one’s values to 传递某人的价值观
Pledge loyalty to 宣誓对…效忠
Leadership
n.领导能力 assume, take on/over
leadership
charismatic(有魅力的), dynamic(有活力
的), visionary(有远见的) leadership
Decision
n. 决定 crucial, fateful, important, key,
landmark (law), major, momentous
decision
arrive at, come to, make, reach a decision
Judgment
n.判断力 prudent, professional, sound
judgment
display, show | rely on | respect, trust
one’s judgment
4. Economy
Economic recession 经济危机
Pay back a loan 偿还贷款
Return corporate profits to society 将企业盈利回报给社会
Start (up) a business 创业
Work overtime 超时工作,加班
Work part-time 兼职工作
Minimize one’s cost of living 减少个人生活开始
Meet the qualifications 合格
Make up a loss 弥补损失
Make ends meet 收支平衡
Make a profit 从…中获利
Working environment 工作环境
Investment
n. 投资 excellent, profitable, sound,
successful, wise, worthwhile investment
In the line of duty 在履行职责时
Have a positive attitude towards 对…持有积极的态度
Have a market share of 拥有市场占有率
Leave one’s job 离职
Get a refund on 获得…退款
Get a promotion 升职
Feel a sense of accomplishment 有成就感
Go bankrupt 破产
Enter the workforce 就业
Encourage competition 鼓励竞争
Develop interpersonal skill 建立人际关系
Discourage productivity 生产力下降
Complain in writing/person 写信/亲自投诉
Compensate for 赔偿
Economy
n. 经济
增长的-booming, buoyant, dynamic,
healthy, sound, stable, strong economy
下降的-depressed, flagging, fragile,
stagnant, weak economy
build, rebuild,control, handle, manage,
manipulate, operate, regulate, run,
develop, expand economy
Be on the market 出售,上市
Be in great demand 需求旺盛
An increase in population 人口增长
A defective product 次品
5. Work
Competitive a.竞争激烈的
Excel in… 在…方面出众
Blue-collar 蓝领/工人
White-collar 白领/脑力劳动的人
Negotiation n.谈判
Technique n. 做事的方法或技能
Triumph n.胜利
Industrious n.工作勤奋的
Constructive a.建设性的
Stressful a.有压力的
Exhausting a.令人精疲力竭的
Heavy workload 大工作量
Upgrade v./n.升级
Colleague n.同事
Co-worker n.同事
Staff morale 员工的工作热情
Feasible a.可行的
Time-consuming a.消耗时间的
Compromise n.& v. 妥协
Sacrifice n.& v. 牺牲
Delegation of responsibility 责任分配
Psychological strain 心理压力
Layoff/downsizing n.裁员
Conscientious a.尽职尽责的,认真勤奋的
Approach n.途径
Recruit v.招聘
Stiff/fierce competition 激烈的竞争
High-caliber a.高水准的
Enthusiastic a.有热情的
Nuisance n.讨厌的人或东西
Self-expression n. 自我表达
Self-image n. 自我印象,对自我的评价
Self-esteem n. 自尊
Contentment n. 满足,满意
A job description 职位描述
Career
n.职业 long | brief, short | brilliant,
distinguished, glittering, good, great,
successful career
build, carve out, have, make, pursue
boost | abandon, give up | cut short, end,
ruin, wreck career
Boss someone around 指使某人
Obtain an entry-level position 获得最基层的职位
Teleconference/teleconferencing n. 远程会议
6. Success
Determination
n.决心 absolute, gritty(刚强的), ruthless
(残酷的), single-minded determination
be full of, have,express, signal
determination
Motto n.座右铭
Charismatic n.有魅力的,有感召力的
Blunder n.重大的过失,过错
Well-thought-out a.深思熟虑的
Adhere to 坚持 adhere to principles, rules, a diet
Status symbol 身份和地位的象征
Obscure a.不知名的,默默无闻的
Be adept in 擅长于
Insurmountable a.不可逾越的
Decisive a.决定性的,有决断力的
Setback n.挫折,阻碍
Upward mobility
个人通过自身的努力获得更高的社会
地位
Have a yearning/longing/craving for sth. 很渴望得到…
Adversity/hardship n.逆境
Coveted a.令人垂涎的,很多人都想得到的
Endorse v.赞同,认可,支持
Undertaking/endeavor n.任务,事业,工作
Tenacity/ perseverance n.坚持不懈
Attitude n. 态度
Succeed in sth. 在某方面成功
Disabled a.残疾的
Probability n.概率
Misfortune n.不幸
Reputation n.名声
Prestige n.声望
Fame n.名望
Adaptable a.适应能力强的
Despair n. & vi.绝望
Glorious a.辉煌的
Established a.有一定成就的
Chance/opportunity
n. 机会 fair, good, great, ideal, wonderful
chance of …
give sb, offer (sb), provide (sb with) |
deny sb a chance of …
grab, grasp, jump at, seize, take the
chance of …
Connection
n.联系,(熟人)关系 build/make
/establish social connection
Profession/occupation n.职业,工作(formal)
Work ethic 职业道德
Professionalism n.专业水准
Expertise n.专家,专业素养
Workplace n.工作单位
Entrepreneur n.企业家
Enterprising a.事业心强的
Daunting/formidable (task/undertaking) a.艰巨的
Sleep-deprived a. 睡眠严重不足的
Job satisfaction 工作满意度
Stability n. 稳定性
Nerve-racking a.给人精神压力很大的
Stress-induced disease 和压力有关的疾病
Gratification n.满足感
Collaborate(with) v.合作
Self-employed n. 自雇的
Personnel n. 人员,员工
Competent a. 有竞争力的
Flawless a. 完美的
Insomnia n. 失眠 (insomniac)
Workaholic n.工作狂
Incentive n. 激励物
Solidarity n. 团结
Unity n. 一致
Demanding a.苛刻的
Compensation n.薪酬
Whine v.抱怨
Fringe benefits/employee benefits 员工福利
Compulsive a.偏执的
Etiquette n.礼仪
Collaboration n.合作
Hectic a.超级忙碌的
7. Government
Abolish v.废除(法律,
制度
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等)
Implement v.实施
Legalize v.使合法化
Priority n.优先权
Establish v.建立
Alleviate v.减轻
The authorities 当局
Forbid/prohibit 禁止
Legislation n. 法律,法规
Tax revenue 税收收入
Democratic 民主的
Efficient a.效率的
Optimize the distribution of resources 最优资源分配
Stability n.稳定
Combat/tackle/resolve/address/grapple
with
v.解决
Stringent a.严格的
Short-sighted a. 短视的
Expenditure n.支出,花费
Social security 社会保险
Citizens/the citizenry 公民,老百姓
Regulate/monitor/oversee v. 规范,管理
Strictly prohibit/ban altogether 严禁
Mandatory/compulsory a.强制性的
Scrutiny n.监督
Allocate money to sth. 为…拨款
budget n. 预算
The government spending/expenditure 政府开支
Curtail v. 消减
Augment v. 增加
Give priority to 当务之急
Duty/responsibility/obligation n.责任
Arms race 军备竞赛
Self-defense n.自卫
National security/homeland security 国土安全
Short-sighted policy 缺乏远见的政策
A vicious circle 恶性循环
Rules and regulations 规章制度
Space race 太空竞赛
Laid-off workers/downsized workers 下岗工人
Unemployment/joblessness n.失业
Infrastructure n. 基础设施
Public transportation/transit system 交通系统
Power grid 电网
A democratic and progressive
government
民主与开明的政府
8. Transportation
Traffic congestion 交通堵塞
Public transit 公交系统
Sky train 轻轨
Magnetically-levitated trains 磁悬浮列车
Reckless driving 不负责任的开车
Culprit/offender n.冒犯者
Traffic volume/volume of traffic 交通量
Soar v. 激增
Packed/crowded/sardine-packed a.拥挤的
Population explosion/boom 人口激增
Impose higher taxes on 提高征税
Pedestrian n. 行人
Fine v.&n.罚款
limo n.加长轿车(limousine )
Metropolitan a. 大都市的 n. metropolis
Overcrowding n. 过度拥挤
Collision/car accident n. 撞车
Density of population 人口密度
Overpass n. 立交桥,天桥
Underpass n. 地下过街通道
Internal combustion engine n. 内燃机
Petrol-driven a. 汽油驱动的
Hydrogen-driven a. 以氢气为动力的
Chaotic a. 混乱的
9. Environment
Pollutant n. 污染物
Minimize v.尽可能减少,最小化
Dump v. 倾倒
Recycle v. 循环使用
Irrigation n.灌溉
Inhabit v. 居住于…
Conserve v. 节约使用
Preserve v. 保护
Reuse/recycle v. 再利用
Pollute/contaminate v. 污染
The ecosystem 生态系统
Eco-friendly a. 有利于环保的
Environmental degradation/deterioration 环境恶化
Local resident/local inhabitants 当地的居民
Ultraviolet(UV) rays 紫外线
Skin cancer 皮肤癌
Sunscreen n.防晒霜
Poisonous/toxic a.有毒的
Immune system 免疫系统
Disposable a. 一次性的
Inhale v. 吸入
Adverse effects 负面影响
Sandstorm n.沙尘暴
Deforestation 砍伐森林
Biodegradable 可以生物降解的
Joint effort/concerted effort 联合的,协调一致的努力
The international community 国际社会
Ozone layer 臭氧层
Put a strain on… 对..形成压力
Environmentally-conscious a. 有环保意识的
Irreversible a. 不可逆的
Chemical reactions 化学反应
Tranquil and severe 安静的,宁静的
Limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源
Alternative energy 替代性能源
Packaging n. 商品包装的总称
Carbon dioxide emission 二氧化碳排放
Exhaust fumes 汽车尾气
Acid rain 酸雨
Glacier n. 冰川
Discharge v.排放(污染物)
Sustainable development 可持续发展
Conserve v. 节约
Vegetation n. 植被
Photosynthesis n. 光合作用
Solar energy n. 太阳能
Go green 提倡大家环保的宣传语
Caution n.&v.警惕
Chemical fertilizer 化肥
Pesticide n.杀虫剂
Radiation n. 辐射
Ecological balance/equilibrium 生态平衡
Renewable resources 可再生资源
Non-biodegradable garbage 白色污染产生的垃圾
Condemn rather than condone sth. 谴责而不是纵容
Fertile soil 肥沃的土壤
Infertile soil 贫瘠的土壤
Arable land/farmland n. 耕地