药剂学习题与答案

Chapter1 Introduction . Choice 1.1Single-choice 1 D 2. A 3. D 4. E 5. C 1.2Multiple-choices 1 . BC 2. ACD 3. ABC 4. ACD 5. ABCD 6. AB 7. BDE 8. ABCDE 1.3 Combined multiple-choice a.        A b.        C c.        E d.        B e.        D Chapter 2 Design of Dosage Forms . Choice 1.1 Single choice 1. D  2. A 3. B 1. 2 Multiple choices 1. ABCDE 2. ABC 3. ABCDE 4. ABCD Chapter 3 Stability of dosage forms . Choice 1.1 Single choice 1. A 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. E 9. A  10. C 11. B 1. 2 Multiple choices 1. ABD 2. ABCDE 3. CDE 4. CE 5. DE .Answer 1.Which items are generally included in New Drug Research stability test? (1) effect factor experiments, including high-temperature test, high-humidity test, strong- light test (2) acceleration experiments (3) Long-term experiments 2.Which factors affect the stability of pharmaceutical preparations? (1) prescription factors: ① pH value; ② general acid-base catalysis; ③ solvent; ④ ionic strength; ⑤ surfactant; ⑥ matrix or excipient in prescription. (2) external factors: ① temperature; ② light; ③ air (oxygen) ; ④ metal ions; ⑤ humidity and water content ; ⑥ packaging material. 3. Please write the reaction rate equation of zero-order and first-order reaction, as well as the corresponding half-life and valid period. reaction rate equation        half-life            valid period zero-order          C=-kt+C0            C0/2k              C0/10k first-order      lgC=-kt/2.303 +lgC0        0.693/k              0.1054/k 4. Please write the Arrhenius equation, and clarify the meaning of each parameter. Arrhenius equation: lgk=-E/2.303RT+lgA In the formula, k is reaction rate constant, E is activation energy, R is gas constant, T is absolute temperature, A is frequency factor. .Calculation 1. Acetyl sulfanilamide sodium at 120 ℃ and pH 7.4 with first reaction rate constant of 9 × 10-6s-1, activation energy of 95.72kJ/mol, how about the valid period? lgk=-E/2.303RT+lgA lgk25= -E/2.303RT25+( lgk120+E/2.303RT120) =lgk120+ E/2.303R(1/T120- 1/T25) = lg 9 × 10-6+95.72*1000/2.303*8.314(1/393-1/298) = -9.100 K25=7.9256*10-10 t0.9 =0.1054/k =4.21years 2. Ara-C solution pH6.9, at 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃ three constant temperature water bath to carry out the accelerated test, respectively obtained the first rate constant was 3.50 × 10-4h-1, 7.97 × 10-4h-1, 1.84 × 10-3h-1, how about the activation energy and valid period? T k 1/T lgk 333 0.00035 0.003003 -3.4559 343 0.000797 0.002915 -3.0985 353 0.00184 0.002833 -2.7352         The linear regression equation of lg k on 1 / T was： lgk=-4237.2(1/T)+9.2635 k25=1.1084 × 10-5h-1 E=81130.27 t0.9  =0.1054/k=9.5089 × 103h=396.2days=13.2months 3. Ampicillin sodium at 45 ℃ to carry out the accelerated test, obtained t0.9 = 113d, if the activation energy is 83.6kJ/mol, how about the valid period of ampicillin sodium at 25 ℃? t0.9  =0.1054/k k45 =0.1054/ t0.9 =0.1054/113=0.0009327d-1 lgk=-E/2.303RT+lgA lgk25= -E/2.303RT25+( lgk45+E/2.303RT45) =lgk45+ E/2.303R(1/T45- 1/T25) = lg0.0009327+83.6*1000/2.303*8.314(1/318-1/298) = -3.9517 K25=1.1175 × 10-4d-1 t0.9 =0.1054/k =943.1598days=2.59years Chapter 4 Surfactants . True/False Questions 1. F  2. F  . Blank Filling Questions 1. ___9___. 2. _cationic surfactant, _anionic surfactant, and amphoteric/amphiphilic/zwitterionic surfactant. . Single Choice Questions 1. __B___ 2. _A_____ 3. _A_____ 4.    D . Multiple Choice Questions 1. ABD Chapter 5 Rheology and Micromeritics I. Choice 1.1 Single choice 1. D 2. C 3. C 4. E 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. C 1.2 Multiple choices 1. ABC 2. AD 3. AC 4. AC 5. ABCD 6. AC 7. AC . Gap Filling 1. The following wing figures describe the rheological properties of different fluids, please fill in their names． 2. ( Newtonian-fluid ) and ( non-Newtonian-fluid ). (  plastic flow ), (pseudoplastic flow ) and ( dilatant flow ). Chapter 7~8  Liquid dosage forms and injection . True/False Questions 1. T 2. T 3. T  4. F 5. T 6. F II  Blank Filling Questions 1. common ion 2. polarity 3. (solubilizer), (hydrotropy agent), (cosolvent) ,(preservative (aseptic)) ,(flavoring agent) and (colorant). 4. (ethanol), (propylene glycol),and (polyethylene glycol). 5. (hot dissolution method)  and  (cold dissolution method ). 6. (swelling) and (dissolution ). 7. ( the type and quantity of microorganisms ), (steam properties), (drug properties)and (sterilization time). 8. ( 0.22μm  ) 9. (  lamina    ) 10. (  filtration    ), (  electrodialysis      ), (ion exchange process      ) and (  distillation    ). Ⅲ. Single-choice 1. B 2. A 3. B  4. D 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. D  9. A  10. D 11. D  12. D 13. A 14. B 15. A 16. D  17. D  18. C 19. A 20. A 21. D 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. E 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. A  31. A 32. C 33. A . Multiple choices 1. BCD 2. BD 3. ABDE 4. ABCD 5. ABCD 6. ABE 7. BCD 8. ACE 9. ABCDE 10. ABCE 11. ABCDE 12. ABCD 13. ABC 14. ABCDE 15. ABCDE) 16. ABCDEF    ) 17. AB ) 18. AB) 19. AC) 20. ABCD    ) . Formula analysis 1. vitamin B2                2.575g  ( main medicine) Nicotinamide              77.25g  (hydrotropy agent) urethane                  38.625g  ( local anesthesia) benzyl alcohol              7.5ml  (aspetic; preservative) water for injection            to 1000ml(solution for injection) Type of above prescription is (  injection          ) . Please explain the following terms/ Terms explanation Emulsion：an emulsion is a system consisting of two immiscible liquid phases,one of which is dispersed in fine droplets throughout the other. Suspension: is a dispersion of finely divided insoluble solid particles(the disperse phase)in a fluid(the dispersion medium). HLB:each surfactant has a hydrophilic portion and a lipophilic portion with one or the other being more or less predominant with one or the other being more or less predominant.A relative value. Solubilization:the spontaneous passage of poorly water-soluble solute molecules into an aqueous solution of a surfactant.The surfactants are called solubilizer and the solutes are called solubilizates. hydrotropy: The apparent solubility of a sparely-soluble solute in a particular liquid may be increased by the addition of a third substance which forms an intermolecular complex, double salt or molecular association with the solute. The third substance is called hydrotropy agent. cosolvency: the solubility of weak electrolytes and nonpolar molecules can be increased by the addition of water-misible solvents.This process is known as cosolvency or solvent blending,and  the solvents used in combination to increase the solubility of the solute are known as cosolvents. Floccules:particles experience attraction at significant interparticle distance(10 to 20 nm) and form the fluffy aggregate known as floccules. .Please answer the following questions 1. Please write out the application of Ostwald Freundlich equation and the meaning of each parameter in the equation. Ostwald Freundlich equation： ln Where: S1 and S2 are the solubility of particles with the radius r2, r1, respectively, σis solid-liquid interfacial tension, M is molar mass of solid particle, ρis solid particle density, R is gas constant, T is absolute temperature. From the above equation, drug solubility increase with decreasing particle size.          1. Please discuss how to increase the dynamics stability of suspension (with Stokes law). The velocity V  of sedimentation of spherical particles having a density ρ1 in a medium of density ρ2 and a viscosity η (and influenced by acceleration of gravity, g) is V  = 2r2(ρ1 – ρ2)g / 9 η Where: V  is velocity of sedimentation (cm/s) ，r is the radius of the spherical object (cm)，ρ1 is the mass density of the particles (g/cm3), and ρ2 is the mass density of the fluid (g/cm3), g is the gravitational acceleration constant (cm/s2), η is viscosity of dispersion medium (g/cm·s). From the above law, the particle settling velocity is proportional to the particle radius squared, the density difference of particles and dispersion medium, and inversely proportional to the viscosity of dispersion medium. Chapter 9~10 Solid dosage forms Ⅱ.Gap filling 1. Four kinds basic excipients of tables are ____, ____, ____ and ____. 2. The methods of coating include __, __, __. 3. Good exicipients used for direct compression tablet are ____, ___, spray –dried lactose____ and ____. Ⅲ.Choice 3.1 Single-choice 1. The process of preparing powder is (    ) A. material pre-treatment----screening----pulverization----mixing----subpackage----quality evaluaton ---package B. material  pre-treatment---pulverization----screening----mixing----subpackage----quality evaluation---package C. material  pre-treatment---pulverization----screening---pulverzation----subpackage----qulity evaluation---package E. material  pre-treatment----screening---subpackage----screening----mixing----quality evaluation----package 2. The purpose of wet granulation is to improve drug’s (    ) A. compressibility and fluidity                B. disintegration and dissolution C. water resistance and stability              D. lubricity and anti-sticking 3. One-step pelleter can complete (    ) A. crashing----mixing----granulation----drying    B. mixing----granulation----drying C. sifting----granulation----mixing----drying    D. sifting---granulation----mixing 4. The mainly function of CMC-Na in tablet is as (    ) A. absorbent                              B. disintegrating agent C. diluent agent                            D. emollient E. binder 5. Which of the following acts as disintegrating agent in tablets (    ) A. EC                                  B. PVPP C. Gum Acacia                            D. MC E. manimtol 6. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid are acted as disintegrating agents for (      ) A. effervescent tablets                      B. dispersible tablet C. retarded tablets                          D. sublingual tablets E. pellet implants 7. When using granules to prepare tablets, the absence of lubricant can lead to (    ) A. tablet breakage                          B. loose tablet C. retarded disintegration                    D. sticking E. 1arge variation of tablet weight 3. Which of the following are disintegrating agents of tablets (      ) A. starch, L-HPC, CMC-Na                  B. HPMC, PVP, L-HPC C. PVPP, L-HPC, CMS-Na                  D. CMS-Na, PVPP, CMC-Na 4. Which of the following can be used as lubricants of tablets (    ) A. PEG 6000                            B. Gum Acacia C. L-HPC                              D. CMS-Na E. Sugar 3.2 Multiple-choice 1. Which factors can affect the mixing quality of powders? (    ) A. percentage of component                  B. color of component C. bulk density of component                D. containing liquid or moisture absorption E. adsorb ability and electrification 2. Which of the following pharnlaceutical adjuvants are not disintegrating agents? (      ) A. PVP                                  B. PVPP C. L-HPC                                D. CMS-Na E. PEG V. Formula analysis 1. Aspirin compound tablet acetylsalicylic acid      268g(            ) paracetamol            136g(                ) caffeine                33.4g(              ) starch                266g(    ) starch paste(15％)        85g(    ) tartaric acid            2.7g(    ) talc powder            25g(    ) liquid paraffin          2.5g(    ) II. Single choices 2.1 The purpose of applying wet granulation technique is to improve the (          ) of drugs. A. compressibility and flowability    B. disintegration and dissolution C. 1ubricating property            D. moisture resistance and stability E. adhesiveness 2.2 Which part of a tablet press machine is the unit that applies pressure on tablets and determines the size and shape of tablets? (      ) A. punch    B. adjustor    C. dies    D. feeder    E. rotary 2.3 Among the following problems in tablets manufacturing, which one is caused by too more pressure, too much binder or/and too much hydrophobic lubricant. (      ) A. cracking    B. 100se    C. prolonged disintegration D. sticky        E. tablet weight variation 2.4 Which option is not the purpose of film coating oftablet? (      ) A. improving the stability of drugs B. reducing the irritation of drugs to gastrointestinal tract C. improving the bioavailability of drugs D. avoiding the first-pass effect of drugs E. masking the unpleasant smell and taste of drugs 2.5 Available tablet coating techniques include (      ) A. fluidized bed coating, boiling coating, suspension coating B. pan coating, high-performance coating, tube-buried coating C. turnadle pan coating, fluidized bed coating technology,compression. coating D. turnadle pan coating, high-performance coating, tube-buried coating E. turnadle pan coating, boiling coating technology, high-performance coating technology 2.6 Which of the following material can not be used as the film coating material? (      )