板式精馏塔实验报告

板式精馏塔实验 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 学院,广州大学生命科学学院 班级,生物工程121班 分组,第一组 姓名, 其他组员, 学号, of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 指导老师,尚小琴 吴俊荣 实验时间2014.11.15 摘要:此次实验是对筛板精馏塔的性能进行全面的测试，实验主要对乙醇正丙醇精馏过 程中的研究不同条件下改变参量时的实验结果，根据实验数据计算得出塔釜浓度、回流比、 进料位置等与全塔效率的关系，确定该筛板精塔的最优实验操作条件。 关键词:精馏;回流比;全塔效率 ;塔釜浓度 Abstract:The sieve plate distillation column performance comprehensive testing, mainly on ethanol isopropyl alcohol distillation process in the different experimental conditions were discussed, the reactor concentration, reflux ratio, feed location and the entire towerThe relationship between the efficiency of sieve plate tower, determine the optimal experimental conditions of fine. Key words: Distillation; reflux ratio; the tower efficiency 引言:精馏是利用混合液中两种液体的沸点差异来分离两种液体的过程。精馏装 置有精馏塔、原料预热器、再沸器、冷凝器、釜液冷却器和产品冷却器等设备。热量自塔釜 输入，物料在塔内经多次部分气化与部分冷凝进行精馏分离，由冷凝器和冷却器中的冷却介 质将余热带走。精馏过程的节能措施一直是人们普遍关注的问题。精馏操作是化工生产中应 [2]用非常广泛的一种单元操作，也是化工原理课程的重要章节。分析运行中的精馏塔，当某 [4]一操作条件改变时的分离效果变化，属于精馏的操作型问题。本研究从塔釜浓度、回流比、 [1]进料位置、全回流和部分回流等操作因素对数字型筛板精馏塔进行全面考察，得出一系列 可靠直观的结果，加深对精馏操作中一些工程概念的理解，对工业生产有一定的指导意义通 过本实验我们得出了大量的实验数据，由计算机绘图找出最优一组实验参数,在这组参数下 进行提纯将会节约大量能源，同时为今后开出的设计型、综合型、研究型的实验项目，为学 [3]生的创新性科研项目具有重要的教改意义。 1.实验部分 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 1.1 实验目的 1. 学会对精馏过程多实验 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 进行设计，并通过实验验证设计方案，得出实验结论，以 掌握实验研究的方法。 2. 掌握单板效率和全塔效率的测定方法。 3.了解板式精馏塔结构及塔内的传质传热状况，掌握板式塔内温度，浓度及分布规律。 4.了解实验条件与板式精馏塔分离效率的关系，确定影响分离效率的因素，并掌握其影响 效率。 1.2 实验 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 1.研究在全回流条件下，开车过程中塔顶温度等参数随时间的变化情况及规律。 2.测定精馏塔在全回流条件下稳定操作时塔内温度和浓度沿塔高的分布，研究其分布情况 及规律。 3.测定精馏塔在全回流时全塔理论塔板数、总板效率。 4.测定精馏塔在某一回流比时全塔理论塔板数、总板效率。 5.测定在部分回流时总板效率随回流比的变化情况。 6.测定在部分回流时总板效率随进料位置的变化情况。 1.3实验材料与装置 物系:乙醇---正丙醇 (1)纯度:分析纯或化学纯 (2)料液浓度:15—25%(乙醇的质量百分数) (3)浓度测量:阿贝折射仪 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 1.4 实验步骤 1.4.1 实验前准备: (1)将阿贝折光仪配套的超级恒温水浴调节运行所需温度(30?)， 记录 混凝土 养护记录下载土方回填监理旁站记录免费下载集备记录下载集备记录下载集备记录下载 温度，检查取样用的注射器和擦镜头纸是否准备好 (2)用阿贝折光仪测出原料液的折射率; (3)检查旋塞开关是否处于关闭，电表示数是否都为零。 (4)将原料装入原料槽中，打开进料阀，让液料(乙醇-正丙醇)从原料槽用泵输送， 经过进入塔釜内，根据磁翻转液面计，当液面到达塔釜的2/3后，关闭进料阀门 和流量计阀门。 1.4.2 全回流下操作 实验?. 研究在全回流条件下，开车过程中塔顶温度等参数随时间的变化情况及规律。 1.打开塔顶冷凝器的冷却水，冷却水量要足够大(约8L/h) 2.记下室温值，接上电源闸(220V)，按下装置上电源总开关。 3.调节加热电压为75V左右，待塔板上建立液层时，缓慢加大电压至100V，使塔内维 持正常操作 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 4.确认塔顶出料阀门和各取样处于关闭状态，使全塔处于全回流状态 5.从操作稳定加热时起每隔3min记录一次塔顶温度、回流液温度和塔釜温度，待示数 稍稳定后可隔较长时间读数。至电表示数稳定为止。数据记录于表1中。 实验?:测定精馏塔在全回流条件下稳定操作时塔内温度和浓度沿塔高的分布，研究其分 布情况及规律。 方法: 在实验?基础上，当稳定操作时，记录每块板上塔内的温度 实验?:测定精馏塔在全回流时全塔理论塔板数、总板效率。 方法:在实验?基础上，等各塔板上鼓泡均匀后，保持加热釜电压不变，在全回流情况下稳 定20min左右，期间仔细观察全塔传质情况，带情况稳定后分别在塔顶、塔釜和原料 液取样口用注射器同时取样，用阿贝折射仪分析样品浓度。 1.4.3 部分回流下操作 实验?:测定精馏塔在回流比为4，塔层为8时全塔理论塔板数、总板效率。 1.打开塔釜冷却水阀门，冷却水流量以保证釜镏液温度接近常温为准; 2.将物料入量分别以以1.5，1.8,2.4(L/h)的流量加入塔内， 用回流比控制调节器调节回流比R=4 3.馏出液收集在塔顶容量管中，塔釜产品经冷却后由溢流管流出，收集在容器内。 4.等操作稳定后，观察板上传质状况，记下加热电压、电流、塔顶温度等有关数据， 整个操作中维持进料流量计读数不变，用注射器取下塔顶、塔釜和进料三处样品，用折光 仪分析，并记录进原料液的温度(室温)。 实验? 测定在部分回流时总板效率随回流比的变化情况。 方法:在实验步骤?基础上，(物料入量都为2.0L/h)调节回流比R为2和3和4， 重复?实验步骤 2.实验数据记录及处理 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 图表 1全回流时塔釜，塔顶各塔层的回流温度随时间变化 根据图1各塔板、塔顶、塔釜稳定时的温度为: 塔层 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 塔顶 塔釜 /层 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 温度79.6 79.3 80.3 80.7 80.9 81.9 82.7 79.4 88.9 /? 表2: 全回流原始数据记录及数据处理表 塔顶样品 序号 折射率?nD 样品质量分数WD 摩尔分数XD 1 1.3640 0.7200 0.7703 2 1.3635 0.7413 0.7889 3 1.3625 0.7839 0.8255 平均 1.3633 0.7484 0.7949 塔釜液体 摩尔分数Xw 序号 折射率?nD 样品质量分数Ww 1 1.3740 0.2939 0.3518 2 1.3765 0.1873 0.2312 3 1.3775 0.1447 0.1808 平均 1.3760 0.2086 0.2546 原料液 摩尔分数Xf 序号 折射率?nD 样品质量分数Ww 1 1.3742 0.2853 0.3424 2 1.3761 0.2044 0.2510 3 1.3742 0.2853 0.3424 平均 1.3748 0.2584 0.3120 表3.常压101.33kpa下 乙醇-正丙醇混合液的气液平衡组成 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical T/? 97.6 93.85 92.66 91.6 88.32 86.25 84.98 84.13 83.06 80.5 78.38 0.126 x/摩尔分数 0 0.188 0.21 0.358 0.461 0.546 0.6 0.663 0.884 1 y/摩尔分数 0 0.24 0.318 0.349 0.55 0.65 0.711 0.76 0.799 0.914 1 根据表2的数据作图计算出全回流的理论板数2.1，总板效率为2.1/9×100%=23.33% 序号 样品折射率 样品质量分数摩尔分数理论板数 效率 n W X D 1.3633 0.7200 0.7703 塔顶 2.1 23.33% 1.3748 0.2584 0.3120 原料 1.3760 0.2086 0.2546 塔釜 B1.0 0.8 气 相0.6乙y醇 摩 尔 分0.4 数(y) 0.2 0.0 0.00.20.40.60.81.0 Xw=0.2546XD=0.7703x 液相乙醇液相乙醇摩尔分数(x) 表4:部分回流时仅改变回流比时原始数据记录及数据处理表(进料流量为2kmol/h) of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 塔顶样品 回流比 折射率?nD 样品质量分数WD 摩尔分数XD 2 1.3647 0.6901 0.7439 3 1.3635 0.7413 0.7889 4 1.3639 0.7242 0.7740 塔釜液体 回流比 折射率?nD 样品质量分数Ww 摩尔分数Xw 2 1.3795 0.0595 0.0762 3 1.3790 0.0808 0.1029 4 1.3795 0.0595 0.0762 原料液 回流比 折射率?nD 样品质量分数Wf 摩尔分数Xf 2 1.3731 0.3322 0.3935 3 1.3731 0.3322 0.3935 4 1.3731 0.3322 0.3935 经过查表以及计算回流比R=2，R=3,R=4时，xF均为0.3935，故q均相等，q=1.256, q线方程为:y=4.906x-1.537 回流比R=2时作出下图，操作线方程为: y=Rx/(R+1)+xD/(R+1)=2x/(2+1)+0.7439/(2+1)=0.667x+0.24797 由图可知理论板数5.66，塔板效率=5.66/9×100%=62.89% B1.0 0.8 0.6 y 0.4 0.2 0.00.00.20.40.60.81.0 xXD=0.7439Xw=0.0762XF=0.3935 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 回流比R=3时作出下图，操作线方程为: y=Rx/(R+1)+xD/(R+1)=3x/(3+1)+0.7889/(3+1)=0.75x+0.19723 由图可知理论板数5.63，塔板效率=5.63/9×100%=62.56% B 1.0 0.8 0.6 y 0.4 0.2 0.00.00.20.40.60.81.0 xXD=0.7889Xw=0.1029XF=0.3935 回流比为R=4时作出下图，操作线方程为: y=Rx/(R+1)+xD/(R+1)=4x/(4+1)+0.774/(4+1)=0.8x+0.1548 由图可知理论板数5.22，塔板效率=5.22/9×100%=58% B 1.0 0.8 0.6 y 0.4 0.2 0.00.00.20.40.60.81.0 xXD=0.774Xw=0.0762XF=0.3935 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 表格 关于规范使用各类表格的通知入职表格免费下载关于主播时间做一个表格详细英语字母大小写表格下载简历表格模板下载 5部分回流时仅改变回流比时的理论板数与效率 回流比 理论板数/块 效率/Ep 2 5.66 62.89% 3 5.63 62.56% 4 5.22 58% 表6在回流比为R=4保持不变的情况下仅改变流量进料原始数据记录及数据处理表 塔顶样品 流量进料 折射率?nD 样品质量分数WD 摩尔分数XD Kmol/h 1.5 1.3640 0.7200 0.7703 1.8 1.3630 0.7626 0.8073 2.4 1.3619 0.8094 0.8471 塔釜液体 流量进料 折射率?nD 样品质量分数Ww 摩尔分数Xw Kmol/h 1.5 1.3791 0.0765 0.0976 1.8 1.3790 0.0808 0.1029 2.4 1.3785 0.1021 0.1292 原料液 流量进料 折射率?nD 样品质量分数Wf 摩尔分数Xf kmol/h 1.5 1.3750 0.2513 0.3044 1.8 1.3755 0.2299 0.2803 2.4 1.3749 0.2555 0.3092 of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 进料流量为1.5kmol/h作出下图，此时q=1.27456 q线方程为:y=qx/(q-1)-xF/(q-1)=4.642x-1.1087 操作线方程为:y=Rx/(R+1)+xD/(R+1)=4x/(4+1)+0.7703/(4+1)=0.8x+0.15406 由图可知理论板数5.41，塔板效率=5.41/9×100%=60.11% 1.0 B 0.8 0.6y 0.4 0.2 0.00.00.20.40.60.81.0 xXD=0.7703Xw=0.0976XF=0.3044 进料流量为1.8kmol/h作出下图，此时q=1.2846 q线方程为:y=qx/(q-1)-xF/(q-1)=4.5137x-0.9845 操作线方程为:y=Rx/(R+1)+xD/(R+1)=4x/(4+1)+0.8037/(4+1)=0.8x+0.16074 由图可知理论板数6.39，塔板效率=6.39/9×100%=71% of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical B 1.0 0.8 0.6 y 0.4 0.2 0.00.00.20.40.60.81.0 xXD=0.8073XF=0.2803Xw=0.1029 进料流量为2.4kmol/h作出下图，此时q=1.2728 q线方程为:y=qx/(q-1)-xF/(q-1)=4.666x-1.1334 操作线方程为:y=Rx/(R+1)+xD/(R+1)=4x/(4+1)+0.8471/(4+1)=0.8x+0.16942 由图可知理论板数6.29，塔板效率=6.29/9×100%=69.89% B1.0 0.8 0.6y 0.4 0.2 0.00.00.20.40.60.81.0 xXw=0.1292XD=0.8471XF=0.3092 表格6部分回流时仅改变流量进料时的理论板数与效率 流量进料 理论板数/块 效率/Ep Kmol/h 1.5 5.41 60.11% of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 1.8 6.39 71% 2.4 6.29 69.89% 3.数据处理:演算,以表4数据回流比为R=3为例, 部分回流仅改变回流比(XF不变)情况下 xFq线方程求解:由表1可知进料温度TF=23.1? 在=0.3935的进料热状况下， 由TB=9.1389x?-27.861x+97.359 得混合液体的泡点温度为:87.8?。 乙醇在平均温度:(TF+TB)/2=55.456?，在此温度下 乙醇的比热容Cp,A=3.02 KJ/(Kg*k);正丙醇比热容Cp,B=2.84KJ/(Kg*k) (查化工原理上册附图十七 液体比热容共线图) 87.8?下: 乙醇在的汽化热rA=855KJ/Kg，正丙醇的汽化热rB=670KJ/Kg。 (查化工原理上册附图十九 汽化热共线图) 纯组分的乙醇摩尔质量MA=40 丙醇=60 所以混合液体比热容: Cp,m=Cp,AMAxA+Cp,BMBxA=3.02×40×0.3935+2.84×60×(1-0.3935) =252.88 KJ/(Kg*k); 混合液体汽化热: rm=rAMAxA+rBMBxA=855×40×0.3935+670×60×(1-0.3935)=64033.65KJ/Kg 因此:q= [Cp,m(TB-TF)+rm]/rm=[252.88×(87.8-23.1)+64033.65]/64033.65=1.256 故q线方程为:Y=qx/(q-1)-xF/(q-1)=4.906x+1.537 ?已知R=3，xD=0.7889 ,则精馏段操作方程为: y=Rx/(R+1)+xD/(R+1)=3x/(3+1)+0.7889/(3+1)=0.75x+0.19723 ?作图求理论板数: of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical B 1.0 0.8 0.6 y 0.4 0.2 0.00.00.20.40.60.81.0 xXD=0.7889Xw=0.1029XF=0.3935 N,1TE,，100%=5.63/9×100%=62.56% 由图可知，理论板数，则:TNP 部分回流下(以表4回流比R=4，流量进料为1.8 Kmol/h时的数据为例) (),?由折射率求出质量分数 A ,,,58.8442.61n AD ,式中，——乙醇的质量分数; A n ——折光率。 D 得样品质量分数:ωf=0.2299 ωd=0.7626 ωw=0.0808 (),()x?由质量分数求摩尔分数 AA of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical ,A MA ,xA1,,,AA，MMAB 得:xF=0.2803 xD=0.8073 xW=0.1029 xF——原料液中易挥发组分的摩尔分数; xF——馏出液中易挥发组分的摩尔分数; xW——釜残液中易挥发组分的摩尔分数。 'LW'',,yxx，mmW1'',,LWLW提馏段:可根据软件Origin pro作出的操作线操作线方 程与q线的交点连接点(xw,xw)在图上作出。 5.实验结果分析结论 部分回流时进料流量为2L/h 回流比 理论板数/块 效率/Ep 2 5.66 62.89% 3 5.63 62.56% 4 5.22 58% 部分回流时回流比R=4 流量进料 理论板数/块 效率/Ep Kmol/h 1.5 5.41 60.11% 1.8 6.39 71% 2.4 6.29 69.89% of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical 全回流时总板效率 序号 样品折射率 样品质量分数摩尔分数理论板数 效率 n W X D 1.3633 0.7200 0.7703 塔顶 2.1 23.33% 1.3748 0.2584 0.3120 原料 1.3760 0.2086 0.2546 塔釜 经过此次实验分析得到: 1在全回流条件下稳定操作塔内的温度随塔高的增加而升高。 xxWD2在部分回流操作时，维持回流比R一定，增加原料液流量，、和理论塔板数与原料 xxxW,DF液流量的大小没有必然的关系。因为和取决于气液平衡关系()、、q、R和理论塔板数(适宜的进料位置)等因素。 xxWD3在部分回流操作时，维持回流原料液流量一定，随着回流比R的减小，逐渐减小， 逐渐增大，理论板数和全塔效率都逐渐减小。 4 在实验中对折光率的测定等一些操作的失误导致实验结果nD值的偏差。例如读数时候的偏差，读取液体的速度都影响，因为测定溶液易挥发。 5 在实验过程中因为我们小组和别的小组使用同一部仪器，而我们小组则在别小组完成实验之后才做实验，到时nD值偏高引起数据误差。 6 整个实验过程中有老师和小组成员们一起进行，大家互相帮助很快就完成好实验，有疑问的多得老师的解答才能让实验更加快，更加准完成。 参考文献 [1]陈秀宇，余美琼，陈国奋，杨金杯，陈文韬.筛板精馏塔实验操作条件的改进[J].《福建师范大学福清分校学报》，2011 年第2 期总第104 期. [2]段毅文，板式精馏塔的塔板效率[j].内蒙古石油化工2006年第12期 [3]杜佩衡吴兆亮.筛板精馏塔回流比的优化设计[J].河北工学院学报，1989，2期第18卷 [4]尚小琴，陈胜洲，邹汉波.化工原理实验[M].北京:化学工业出版社，2011.8. [5]夏清，贾绍义.化工原理(下册)[M].天津:天津大学出版社，2012.1. [6]刘艳升.板式塔的操作分析(1)--关于精馏塔操作限制的新认识. 炼油技术与工 程.2004,34(7) of vision Yibin formation in the Center surrounded by, organic dispersion band of bead-space layout structure, as leading development of the city to the East along the Yangtze River. Shi Gu area, lingang new vision to expand, Naxi district to the North, the East open places to expand, Jiang an eastward connection, Ping Shan, radiation to the West; the South Bank area, the minjiang River area, Golden Sands area on a long-term basis in a reasonable space to develop, perfect urban district along the Yangtze River in Yibin "Ribbon multi-center" strategic vision of space frame. Yibin Center City development construction steering extension type extended and connotation type upgrade simultaneously of mode, in Metro construction of while is committed to old city transformation and built district of perfect, through live and industry with to of reasonable layout optimization city structure, improve city traffic operation efficiency; vigorously improved city environment, shaping city features, upgrade city quality, play city of service function, formed has perfect modern service capacity of big city. Construction of urban green space system, promoting the construction of peripheral green space and protection of historical