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C Passage 1 As with most aspects of Plains Indian culture, music was closely bound up with religious beliefs. Instruments were played individually and during public dances, and there was music for almost every occasion. In public ceremonies singing was combined with dancing and with music from a variety of instruments. The dancers shook rattles or pounded hand - held drums to underscore their foot-beats. Rattles were made of gourds or of turtle shells filled with pebbles or seeds. Drums generally were made by soaking a strip of wood in hot water and bending it into a circle; then the drum skin was tightly strapped over the circle with rawhide laces. While some Plains Indian drums had a single drum skin, as a tambourine has, there were others, such as the drums of the Ute that had skins lashed onto both sides. The whistle and flute were the only Plains Indian wind instruments. Whistles were made from the wing bone of an eagle. the bird that symbolized courage. The recorder-like flutes, with finger holes along the top, were carved from a length of soft, straight - grained wood, like willow or box elder. that was split in half and hollowed out; the halves were rejoined with glue made from boiled hide scrapings and bound together with rawhide lace to make them airt4ght. 1. What is the main topic of the passage? (A) American flutes and drums (B) Plains Indian muisical instruments (C) The Utes and their music (D) Ceremonies on the western plains 2. The passage mentions that dancers did all of the following EXCEPT (A) play the tambourine (B) pound their feet (C) shake rattles (D) beat on drums 3 In Line 7, to what does the word "it" refer? (A) Hot water (B) A circle (C) A strip of wood (D) A drum skin 4. According to the passage, how did the drums of the Ute differ from many other drums? (A) They were two-sided. (B) They were filled with stones or seeds. (C) They were hand- held. (D) They were wind instruments. 5. According to the passage, whistles were made from (A) gourds (B) turtle shells (C) feathers (D) eagle bones 6. According to the passage, boiled hide scrapings were used to make (A) finger holes (B) boxes (C) rawhide lace (D) glue Passage 2 The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying arid playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on. America' s War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada. which received its first large influx of English - speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia. which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer-the United States-based itself squarely on republican principles. Yet even he political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states. notably Connecticut and Rhode island. the war largely ratified a colonial self - rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home- grown governing class which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament. 1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? (A) the United States: An Isolated Community (B) B reathtaking Events During the American Revolution (C) C anada and the American War of independence (D) The American Revolution: Evolution Not Revolution 2. In the first paragraph. what does the author suggest about the French and Russian revolutions? (A) they were explosive and abrupt. (B) they were ineffective (C) They involved only those people living in urban areas. (D)They led to release of all political prisoners. 3. In lines 5-6, what does the author mean by people went on working and praying, marrying and playing (A)More people got married than divorced. (B) T he war created new jobs. (C) L ife went on as usual. (D) People had more than enough leisure time. 4.In the second paragraph, the author states that the colonies' struggle for self-government preoeded the creation of all of the to)lowing countries EXCEPT (A) Canada (B) The United States (C) Australia (D) The United Kingdom 5. It can be inferred from the passage that the loyalists who escaped to Canada were (A) Russian (B) French (C) British (D)Australian 6. What will the paragraph following the passage most probably discuss. (A)The transport of prisoners to Australia (B) The creation of new state governments (C) Events leading up to the American Revolution (E) How Canada and the United States became friends Passage 3 A summary of the physical and chemical nature of life must begin. not on the Earth. but in the Sun. in fact. at the Sun's very center. It is here that is to be found the source of the energy that the Sun constantly pours out into space as light and heat. This energy is liberated at the center of the Sun as billions upon billions of nuclei of hydrogen atoms collide with each other and fuse together to form nuclei of helium. and, in doing so. release some of the energy that is stored in the nuclei of atoms. The output of light and heat of the Sun requires that some 600 million tons of hydrogen be converted into helium in the Sun every second. This the Sun has been doing for several thousands of millions of years. The nuclear energy is released at the Sun's center as high-energy gamma radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation like light and radio waves, only of very much shorter wavelength. This gamma radiation is absorbed by atoms inside the Sun, to be re-emitted at slightly longer wavelengths. This radiation, in its turn, is absorbed and re-emitted. As the energy filters through the layers of the solar interior, it passes through the x-ray part of the spectrum, eventually becoming light. At this sage, it has reached what we cal: the solar surface, and can escape into space. without being absorbed further by solar atoms. A very small fraction of the Sun' s light and heat is emitted in such directions that, after passing unhindered through inter-planetarv, space, It hits the Earth. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) the production of solar light and heat (B) t he physical and chemical nature of life (C) T he conversion of hydrogen to helium (D)Radiation in the x-ray part of the spectrum 2. According to the passage, energy is released in the Sun when (A) helium atoms bind with each other (B) gamma radiation escapes from the spectrum (C) radiation is absorbed by helium (D) nuclei of hydrogen atoms collide 3. The passage indicates that, in comparison to radio waves, gamma waves (A) produce louder sound (B) are less magnetic (C) do not form in the Sun's center (D) are not as long 4 According to the passage, through which of the following does the energy released in the Sun pass before it becomes light? (A) The x-ray part of the spectrum (B) Electromagnetic space (C) The solar surface (D) interplanetary space 5. It can be inferred from the passage that the Sun's light travels (A) through solid objects in space (B) in many different directions (C) more slowly than scientists previously believed (D) further in summer than in winter Passage 4 Here in the United States, before agricultural activities destroyed the natural balance, there were great migrations of Rocky Mountain locusts (Melanoplus spretus). Great migrating hordes of these insects once darkened the skies on the plains east of the Rockies where crops were often destroyed; the worst years were those from 1874 to 1877. One of these migrating swarms was estimated to contain 124 billion locusts. During another migration in Nebraska it was estimated that the swarm of locusts averaged half a mile high and was 100 miles wide and 300 miles long. Usually, these swarms take oft from the ground against the wind, but, once airborne, they turn and fly with it. warm convection currents help to lift them, often to great heights. During the great locust plagues the situation in Nebraska became so serious that the original state constitution had to be rewritten to take care of the economic problems. The new document was known as "The Grasshopper Constitution." It is now believed that these locusts were a migratory form or phase of the lesser migratory locust, which is still common there. In this respect, the North American migratory locusts resemble their African relatives. In both regions the migratory forms arise as a result of crowding and climatic factors. Migratory forms are apparently natural adaptations which bring about dispersal when locust populations become too crowded. Fortunately for our farmers the migratory form - - the so-called spretus species - - no longer seems to occur regularly, although there was a serious outbreak as late as 1938 in mid-western United States and Canada. Actually, there is no reason why the destructive migratory form might not again appear if circumstances should become favorable. 1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (A) The Life Cycle of Locusts (B) Migratory Locusts in the United States (C) Locust Plagues in Nebraska (D The Reproductive Capability of the Locust 2. According to the passage the worst destruction by locusts in the plains area east of the Rockies occurred during the (A) eighteenth century (B) e arly nineteenth century (C) late nineteenth century (D) twentieth century 3. One of the migrating swarms mentioned in the passage averaged how many miles in length (A) 100 (B) 124 (C) 187 (D) 300 4. It can be inferred from the passage that the state constitution of Nebraska was rewritten in order to (A) make the constitution more understandable to the public (B) encourage farmers to leave the state (C) solve difficulties that resulted from loss of crops (D) provide for a regular census of the locust population 5. According the passage, North American and African migratory locusts are similar in that (A) they always travel toward mountainous regions (B) their destructive activities occur only in plains areas (C) climates affect their development (D) they are both mentioned in state constitutions 6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as influencing the migration of locusts? A) Darkness (B) Agricultural activities (C) Warm air currents (D) Overcrowding 7. The passage supports which of the following conclusions? (A) the outbreak of locusts in 1938 was more serious than any other in history. (B) N ebraska farmers had no locust problems in the years 1874 - 1877. (C) T here is a possibility that crops in the United States might be destroyed by locusts in the future. (D)There is a chance that African migratory locusts may make their way to the United States. Passage 5 Artificial flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purposes. They are made from a variety of materials, such as wax and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from natural flowers. In making such models, painstaking skill and artistry are called for, as well as thorough knowledge of plant structure. The collection of glass flowers in the Botanical Museum of Harvard University is the most famous in North America and is widely known throughout the scientific world. In all, there are several thousand models in colored glass, the work of two artist - naturalists, Leopold Blaschka and his son Rudolph. The intention was to have the collection represent at least one member of each flower family native to the United States. Although it was never completed, it contains more than seven hundred species representing 164 families of flowering plants, a group of fruits showing the effect of fungus diseases, and thousands of flower parts and magnified details. Every detail of these is accurately reproduced in color and structure. The models are kept in locked cases as they are too valuable and fragile for classroom use. 1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage. (A)An Extensive Collection of Glass Flowers (B ) The Lives of Leopold and Rudolph Blaschka (C) F lowers Native to the United States. (D) Materials Used For Artificial Flowers 2. Which of the following statements about Leopold and Rudolph Blaschka is true? (A) T hey were brothers. (B) T hey were artists. (C) T hey were florists. (D) T hey were farmers. 3.It can be inferred from the passage that the goal of Leopold and Rudolph Blaschka was to (A) create a botanical garden where only exotic flowers grew (B) do a thorough study of plant structure (C) make a copy of one member of each United States flower family (D) show that glass flowers are more realistic than wax flowers 4. In line 9, the word "it" refers to which of the following phrases? (A) "The intention" (line 8) (B) "the collection" (line 8) (C) "one member"(line 8) (D) "each flower family"(lines S~9) 5. Which of the following is NOT included in the display at the Botanical Museum of Harvard University? (A) Models of 164 families of flowering plants (B) Magnified details of flower parts (C) Several species of natives birds (D) A group of diseased fruits 6. Which of the following statements is true of the flowers at Harvard University? (A) They form a completed collection. (B) They have a marvelous, fragrance (C) They are loaned to schools for classroom use. (D)They are authentic representations.