[精品]很多在伦敦工作的人喜欢住在伦敦郊外

[精品]很多在伦敦工作的人喜欢住在伦敦郊外[精品]很多在伦敦工作的人喜欢住在伦敦郊外 Passage 1 Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go in to their offices or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up early in the morning and reach home late in the even...

[精品]很多在伦敦工作的人喜欢住在伦敦郊外 Passage 1 Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go in to their offices or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up early in the morning and reach home late in the evening. One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper. Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to rent. With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of one‘s own. Then, in the country one can really get away from the noise and hurry of busy working lives. Even though one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep better at night and during weekends and on summer evenings, one can enjoy the fresh, clean air of the country. If one likes garden, one can spend one‘s free time digging, planting, watering and doing the hundred and one other jobs which are needed in a garden. Then, when the flowers and vegetables come up, one has got the reward together with those who have shared the secret of Nature. Some people, however, take no interest in country things: for them, happiness lies in the town, with its cinemas and theatres, beautiful shops and busy streets, dance-halls and restaurants. Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live it outside London. An occasional walk in one of the parks and a fortnight‘s (two weeks) visit to the sea every summer is all the country they want: the rest they are quite prepared to leave to those who are glad to get away from London every night. 1. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. People who love Nature prefer to live outside the city. B. All the people who work in London prefer to live in the country. C. Some people enjoying city life prefer to work and live inside London. D. Many nature lovers, though working in London, prefer to live outside. 2. With the same money needed for ________, one can buy a little house with a garden in the country. A. getting a small flat with a garden B. having a small flat with a garden C. renting a small flat without a garden D. buying a small flat without a garden 3. When the garden is in blossom, the one ________ has been rewarded. A. living in the country B. having spent time working in the garden. C. having a garden of his own. D. having been digging, planting and watering 4. People who think happiness lies in the city life would feel that ________ if they had to live outside London. A. their life was meaningless B. their life was invaluable C. they didn‘t deserve a happy life D. they were not worthy of their happy life 5. The underlined phrase ―get away from‖ in the 3rd paragraph refers to ________. A. deal with B. do away with C. escape from D. prevent from 很多在伦敦工作的人喜欢住在伦敦郊外，然后每天乘火车、汽车和公交车去上班或上学。这也就意味着他们不得不早出晚归。住在伦敦郊外的一个好处就是房子便宜。在伦敦即使是没有花园的小公寓也需要一笔不菲的租金，用同样的钱，你可以在郊区买一个带花园的小房子了然后，他在乡村就可以远离喧嚣和忙碌的工作生活。即使他不得不起得更早，花更多的时间乘火车或公交车，但他晚上可以睡得更好。在周末和夏季的夜晚，他可以享受乡村清新干净的空气。要是他喜欢花园，在花园里干一些想挖土、种植、浇水等许多园艺的活，那么当鲜花和蔬菜生长起来的时候，他就与其他分享大自然秘密的人们一样得到奖赏。然而有些人对乡村并不感兴趣。对他们来说，幸福就在市区里，那里有电影院、剧院、漂亮的商店、繁忙的街道、舞厅和饭店。如果不得不住在伦敦郊外的话，这些人就觉得生活没意义了。(对于那些热爱都市生活的人来说)他们所需要的乡村生活，就是偶尔去公园散步，每个夏天去海边过上两个星期，其他跟乡村有关的东西，让那些每天晚上都急于离开伦敦的人们(住在郊外的人们)去享受吧。【答案与解析】本文介绍在伦敦工作的人对是在市里居住还是在乡下居住所持的不同看法和态度。 1. B。推断题。根据文章内容:虽然有很多喜欢乡村生活，但文章最后讲也有些人喜欢城市生活，从而可推知此题答案为B。 2. C。细节题。根据文章第2段第二、三句可推知此题答案为C。 3. B。推断题。根据文章第3段最后两句可知:要是他喜欢花园，在花园里挖土、种植、浇水等等，那么当鲜花和蔬菜生长起来的时候，他就得到了与大自然分享秘密的奖赏，所以选B。 4. A。推断题。根据文章最后一段第2句Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live it outside London可推知此题答案为A。 5. C。推断题。根据其上文:这些人偶尔去公园散散步后去海边度两周假;本句接着说:其余的就留给那些每天晚上喜欢离开伦敦的人，那么，“其余的”显然指“其余的乡村”。从而可推知题答案为C。 Passage 2 By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage, achievements, and self-sacrifice made most for the benefits of others-they are people against whom we measure others. They are men and women recognized for shaping our nation‘s consciousness and development as well as the lives of those who admire them. Yet, some people say that ours is an age where true heroes and heroines are hard to come by, where the very idea of heroism is something beyond us-an artifact of the past. Some maintain, that because the Cold War is over and because America is at peace, our age is essentially an unheroic one. Furthermore, the overall crime rate is down, poverty has been eased by a strong and growing economy, and advances continue to be made in medical science. Cultural icons are hard to define, but we know them when we see them. They are people who manage to go beyond celebrity, who are legendary, who somehow manage to become mythic,. But what makes some figures icons and others mere celebrities? That‘s hard to answer. In part, their lives have the quality of a story to tell. For instance, the beautiful young Diana Spencer who at 19 married a prince, renounced marriage and the throne, and died at the moment she found true love. Good looks certainly help. So does a special indefinable charm, with the help of the media. But nothing confirms an icon more than a tragic death—such as Martin Luther King, Jr., John F. Kennedy, and Princess Diana. 1. The passage mainly deals with ________. A. life and death B. heroes and heroines C. heroes and icons D. icons and celebrities 2. Heroes and heroines are usually ________. A. courageous B. good examples to follow C. self-sacrificing D. all of the above 3. Which of the following statements is wrong? A. Poverty in America has been eased with the economic growth B. Superstars are famous for being famous C. One‘s look can contribute to being famous D. Heroes and heroines can only emerge in war times 4. Beautiful young Diana Spencer found her genuine love ________. A. when she was 19 B. when she became a princess C. just before her death D. after she gave birth to a prince 5. What is more likely to set an icon‘s status? A. Good looks. B. Tragic and early death. C. Personal attraction. D. The quality of one‘s story. 就定义而言，英雄之所以与众不同是因为他们有非凡的勇气、取得了卓著的成就、常常为他人的利益而做出牺牲——他们是我们评价别人的标准。他们是大家公认的对我们国家意识的形成和我们国家的发展，还有对他们的崇拜者的一生起了重大作用的人。可是，有人说，我们的时代是很难出现真正英雄的时代，英雄主义这一概念本身我们就难以理解——它已经成为历史。有些人坚持说，由于冷战的结束和美国对外的和睦，我们的时代本质上不是一个英勇豪壮的时代。更进一步地说，总体犯罪率正在降低，经济的发展与增长已经缓解了贫困，医疗科学也在不断的进步。给文化偶像下定义就更难了，但是我们看到他们就认识了他们。他们超越了名流，成为传奇式人物，甚至在某种程度上已是神话式的人物。但究竟是哪些因素使有些人成为偶像，另一些人仅成了名流呢,这就太难说了。部分原因是他们的生平带有传奇故事的色彩。比如说，年轻貌美的戴安娜?史宾塞，19岁时嫁给了王子，放弃了婚姻与王权，却在找到真爱的那一刻死去了。漂亮的长相当然有用，另外，在媒体的炒作下某种难以描述的、特殊的个人魅力也起作用。然而悲剧性地过早离开这个世界，却是造成偶像最重要的因素——例如:小马丁?路德?金、约翰?F?肯尼迪和戴安娜。 Passage 3 Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively concerned with their won appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds: what kind of impression am I making,Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Am I wearing unattractive clothes? It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must negatively affect people. A person‘s conception of himself or herself is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people‘s reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.‘ Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing ―the right thing.‖ Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their feelings of inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliment with a statement like this one, ―You‘re just saying that to make me feel good. I know it‘s not true.‖ It is clear that while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is harmful. Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient efforts in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes hand in hand with a lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths. Each one of us is a unique, worthwhile individual, interested in our own personal ways. The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. Let‘s not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fulfilling life. 1. What does the author try to prove by citing ―what kind of impression am I making?‖ A. Shy people benefit from their caring about their appearance. B. People‘s shyness made them care too much about their appearance and actions. C. It‘s natural that shy people don‘t believe other‘s compliments. D. Shy people think they are different from others. 2. According to the writer, self-awareness is ________. A. a good quality B. the cause of unhappiness C. harmful to people D. a weak point of shy people 3. When being praised, shy people feel that it is ________. A. good B. unreal C. very reasonable D. harmful 4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Shyness helps us to develop our potential B. Shyness enables us to understand ourselves better C. Shyness can block our chances for a rich life D. Shyness has nothing to do with lack of self-esteem 5. It can be inferred from the passage that shy people ________. A. should find more of their weakness B. should understand themselves in the right way C. had better ignore their weakness D. can get rid of their shyness while maintaining low self-esteem 参考译文: 害羞是由于在众人面前感觉不自在而引发的。害羞的人容易焦虑，自我意识强，他们过分在意自己的外表和行为。他们头脑里常有这样不安的想法:我给别人留下了怎样的印象,别人喜欢我吗,我是否听起来很蠢,我穿的衣服难看吗, 显而易见，这些不适的感觉对人有负面影响。一个人的自我认识体现在他/她的言行举止上，这些行为影响着他人对此作出反映。总体来说，人们对自身的看法深刻影响到他们生活的方方面面。害羞的人往往自信不足，常常被动，易受他人影响。他们需要有相信自己的心态，认识到自己所做的是正确的。害羞的人对批评意见比较敏感。他们感到自卑意识由此增强。害羞的人难以取悦。他们会说这样的话:―你说那些是让我高兴，其实我知道我没那么好。‖ 显然，自我意识是一种良好的品质，过份的自我意识就不好了。害羞能够消除或至少减轻吗,当然。只要人们坚定耐心地培养自信就可克服害羞。既然害羞源自缺乏自信，人们应该在看到自己长处的同时认识自己的短处。每个人都是独特的，有价值的个体，有自己的行为方式。我们对自己了解越多，我们就越能发挥自己的潜能。不要让害羞妨碍我们享受丰富的人生。 1. 一段第—二句话提到“害羞的人很紧张和敏感，他们对于自己的外表和行为过分关心。”所以选B为正确答案。 2([答案]A。[解析]细节推断题。根据第三段最后一句，可知自我意识是—种好的品质，所以选A。选项C有干扰性，过度的自我意识是有害的，而不是说自我意识是有害的。 3([答案]B。[解析]细节推断题。根据第三段第五句。 4. [答案]C。[解析]细节推断题。根据文中最后一句“我们不应该让害羞阻碍我们过丰富的有价值的生活。”可知正确答案是C。 5([答案]B。 [解析]细节推断题。第五段第二句话提到，“我们越了解自己就越越容易发挥自己的潜质。”可以推断出我们应该正确了解自己，所以选B。 Passage 4 What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is ―no‖. It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further, he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons. He also works to fit the answers he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works. The scientist‘s knowledge must be exact. There is no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason that investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigations. Einstein‘s ideas were shown to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations. 1. What makes a scientist according to the passage? A. The tools he uses. B. The way he uses his tools. C. His ways of learning. D. The various tools he uses. 2. ―The scientist, however, goes one step further…‖. The author says this to show ________. A. the importance of information B. the importance of thinking C. the difference between scientists and ordinary people D. the difference between carpenters and people with other jobs 3. A sound scientific theory should be one that ________. A. works not only under one set of conditions at one time, but also under the same conditions at other times B. does not allow any changes even under different conditions C. can be used for many purposes D. leave no room for improvement 4. The author quotes the case of Albert Einstein to illustrate ________. A. the measurements are keys to success in science B. that accuracy of mathematics C. that the investigations are important in science D. that the mathematical calculations may test his investigations 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The theory of relativity. B. Exactness is the core of science. C. Scientists are different from ordinary people. D. Exactness and ways of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist. 是什么使一个普通人成为科学家,他有与从不同的学习方法和工具吗,答案是否定的。不是因为科学家使用的工具，而是因为他使用工具的方法使他成为科学家。你也许认同怎么用力对一名木匠来说很重要。你也许也认同怎么研究调查，发现信息对每个人来说都很重要。然而，科学家比这更进一步，他必须确定他对自己的问题得出了一个合理的答案，并且他的答案通过别人也可以得到证实。他同时把自己得出的许多答案归结为一个系统的关于世界如何运作的观点。科学家的知识必须很确切。不能给半错半对或者只有一半机会对的情况留任何空间。他必须在条件允许的情况下尽可能正确。在一种条件下成功一次的话必须在同样的条件下都能成功。如果条件不同，科学家在证明过程中观察到的任何变化都必须解释他的条件是如何变化的。这是关于调查研究在科学研究中十分重要的其中一个理由。爱因斯坦通过数学方法提出了相对论。他的数学运用的正确性被后人通过调查研究的方法证实该理论是正确的。一个科学家会用很多工具来测量。测量的结果用来进行数学计算，再进行调查研究的测试。 Passage 5 A city man was on holiday in the mountains. He talked with a mountain man and found that the man was stupid. So he suggested they play a game. ―We'll ask each other questions, ‖ he said, ―and the person will pay a dollar if he can't answer one question.‖ The mountain man thought about this for a few minutes, then said that the city man paid a dollar and he paid only 50 cents. The city man agreed. ―What has three legs and can fly?‖ asked the mountain man. The city man thought a while, then answered ―I don't know. Here is your dollar.‖ Then he asked the same question: ―What has three legs and can fly?‖ ―I don't know, either,‖ said the mountain man. ―Here is your 50 cents.‖ 1. A city man was on holiday ________. A. in a far away place B. on the high hills C. in a city D. in a village 2. The city man found the mountain man was ________. A. not clever B. on the high hills C. clever D. strong 3. The city man said, ―We'll ________.‖ A. fight each other B. help each other C. ask each other questions D. look at each other 4. The mountain man ________. A. knew the answer himself B. didn't know the answer himself C. told the answer to the city man D. didn't want to tell the city man the answer 5. At last ________. A. the city man got one dollar B. the city man got 50 cents C. the mountain man got one dollar D. the mountain man got 50 cents Passage 6 Look at the instructions on the bottle of the medicine and then choose the right answers. John is twelve years old. He had a bad cold and coughed day and night. He went to see a doctor. The doctor gave him some cough medicine. Cough Medicine Shake (摇动) it well before use. Take it three times each day before meals. Dose (药量): Age: over 14 2 teaspoonfuls(勺) 8—13 1 teaspoonful 4—7 1,2 teaspoonful Not right for children below the age of three. Put it in a cold place. Use it before December 1st 2002. 1. John should take ________ a day. A. 2 teaspoonfuls B. 3 teaspoonfuls C. 4 teaspoonfuls D. 1 teaspoonful 2. The medicine should be kept in ________. A. a fridge B. hot water C. any place D. the sun 3. John should ________ before he takes it. A. shake the medicine well B. eat nothing C. do some exercise D. drink a cup of tea 4. When people are ________ years old, they cannot take this medicine. A. eighty B. thirty C. two D. twelve 5. John will ________ the medicine when it is left after Dec.1st, 2002. A. throw away B. stop to take C. take once D. take six times more 【答案与解析】约翰病了，咳嗽得很厉害。医生给他开了些药。咳嗽药上说明书的内容主要包括了药品的服用方法、药量、贮存条件以及保质期等。 1. B。根据“John is twelve years old.”和“8—13 1 teaspoonful”可知B为正确答案。 2. A。“Put it in a cold place.”是本题答案的依据。 3. A。答案就在“Shake(摇动)it well before use.”中。 4. C。由“Not right for children below the age of three”这句话可知，此药不适用于三岁以下的儿童。 5. A。本说明的最后一句说的是此药品的保质期。答案显然为A。 Passage 7 In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience four seasons in one day. In the morning the weather is warm just like spring. An hour later black clouds come and then it rain hard. The weather gets a little cold. In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day. In England, people can also have summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they should take warm clothes. When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella or a raincoat with them in the sunny morning, but you should not laugh at them. If you don‘t take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret later in the day. 1. Why do people in England often talk about the weather? A. Because they may have four seasons in one day. B. Because they often have very good weather. C. Because the weather is warm just like in spring. D. Because the sky is sunny all day. 2. From the story we know that ________ come and then there is a heavy rain. A. sunshine and snow B. black clouds C. summer and winter D. spring and autumn 3. ―People can also have summer in winter‖ means ―It is sometimes ________ in winter.‖ A. warm B. cool C. cold D. rainy 4. In the sunny morning some English people usually take a raincoat or an umbrella with them because ________. A. their friends ask them to do so. B. it often rains in England C. they are going to sell them D. they are their favorite things 5. The best title for this passage is ________. A. Bad Season B. Summer or Winter C. The Weather in England D. Strange English People Passage 8 Long, long ago there was no zero. To write the number sixty-three people wrote 63. To write six hundred and three, people wrote 63. The space between six and three was there to mean." not any "tens. Sometimes people did not remember the space. It was hard to see and read. Later people used a dot to hold the space. Six hundred and three looked like this 6.3. But the dot was hard to see. So people put a circle around it like this 6?3. Then people could see the dot. They remembered the space. At last, only the circle around the dot was used. It was like a zero. This is one story of how the zero came to be used. Now zero has many important uses. Zero tells how many. Can you tell some other ways of using zero? 1. Long, long ago people didn‘t know how to ________. A. write B. write zero C. write numbers D. write sixty-three 2. Long, long ago if they wrote two hundred-eight, people wrote ________. A. 28 B. 2 8 C. 228 D. 208 3. Later ________ was used to mean space. A. "not any" B. letter "0" C. zero D. a dot 4. People used circles ________. A. to remember ways B. to remember numbers C. not to forget the space D. to mean nothing 5. The story tells us ________. A. how zero came to be used B. how to write zero C. what‘s the use of zero D. that zero means a dot, a circle or space Passage 9 I often dreamed about Pisa when I was a boy. I read about the famous building called the Leaning Tower of Pisa .But when I read the word Pisa, I was thinking of pizza .I thought this tower was a place to buy pizza .It must be the best place to buy pizza in the world, I thought. Many years later finally saw the Leaning Tower. I knew then that is was Pisa and no pizza .But there was still something special about it for me. The tower got its name because it really does lean to one side. Some people want to try to fix it. They are afraid it may fall over and they don‘t like that it leans over the city. I do not think it‘s a good idea to try to fix it. The tower probably will not fall down, it is 600 years old. Why should anything happen to it now? And, if you ask me, I like what it looks like. To me it is a very human kind of leaning .Nothing is perfect, it seems to say. And who cares? Why do people want things to be perfect? Imperfect things may be more interesting. Let‘s take the tower in Pisa. Why is it so famous? There are many other older, more beautiful towers in Italy. But Pisa tower is the most famous. People come from all over the world to see it. 1. This passage is about ________. A. Italian pizza B. Italy‘s problems C. how the Leaning Tower of Pisa got its name D. why the writer likes Pisa 2. The writer used to think Pisa ________. A. in Spain B. not very famous C. not the same as pizza D. the same as pizza 3. The Leaning Tower of Pisa is ________. A. modern B. falling down C. 600 years old D. 60 years old- 4. The writer _______. A. doesn‘t like what the tower looks like B. likes what the tower looks like C. thinks it‘s the most beautiful tower in Italy D. doesn‘t like towers 5. The writer likes the Leaning Tower of Pisa because _______. A. it‘s old B. it‘s perfect C. it sells pizza D. it‘s imperfect 【答案与解析】这是关于比萨斜塔的一篇杂感。作者由儿时对比萨斜塔的曲解谈起，说到了自己对人们想要重新修正斜塔的看法。最后作者由此阐发感想:没有什么东西是十全十美的。人们不应当事事追求完美。如比萨斜塔一样，正因为它的不完美，才吸引了世界上众多人的目光。 1. C。由作者所叙述的内容，可知该塔之所以被叫做斜塔是因为它是倾斜的。 2. D。这层意思是作者对比萨斜塔的误解，答案在―But when I read the word Pisa, I was thinking of pizza‖一句中。 3. C。本题属表层理解题。―The tower probably will not fall down, it is 600 years old.‖是答案的出处。 4. B。答案即在―And, if you ask me, I like what it looks like.‖中。 5. D。根据―Imperfect things may be more interesting.‖及作者所流露出的对比萨斜塔的感情可以看出他认为缺憾也是一种美。 Passage 10 If you do not use your arms or your legs for some time, they will become weak, and when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault. But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents may be blamed, and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can't read or write but usually they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and when they have to remember things, they cannot write them down in a small notebook. As a result, they have to remember days, names, songs and stories, so their memory is being exercised the whole time. So if you want to have a good memory, learn from the people: practice remembering things in a way as other people do. 1. Someone can't have a good memory if ________. A. he can't read or write B. his parents haven't a good memory C. he doesn't make good use of his memory D. he doesn't use his arms or legs for some time 标准答案:C 2. If you do not use your arms or legs for some time, ________. A. they will become thin B. they will become weak C. they begin to ache all over D. you can't use them any more 标准答案:B 3. Which of the following statements is true? A. Your memory needs chance for practice. B. A good memory is inherited from parents. C. Your memory works in the different ways as your arms or legs. D. Don't learn to read and write if you want to have a good memory. 标准答案:A 4. Few people know that if someone has a poor memory it is ________. A. his own fault B. his parents' fault C. his teachers' fault D. his friends' fault 标准答案:A 5. The writer wants to tell us ________. A. how to read and write well B. how to have a good memory C. how to use our arms or legs better D. how to learn from the people who can't read or write 标准答案:B Passage 11 A foreigner's first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyone is in a rush-often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going restlessly, seeking attention in a store, and elbowing others as they try to complete their errands(任务). Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating places are waiting for you to finish so that they too can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. Each person hurries to make room for the next person. If you don‘t, waiters will hurry you. You also find drivers will be abrupt and people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small courtesies with strangers. Don't take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else "wasting" it beyond a certain courtesy point. The view of time affects the importance we attach to patience. In the American system of values, patience is not a high priority. Many of us have what might be called ―a short fuse.‖ We begin to move restlessly about if we feel time is slipping away without some re-turnbe this in terms of pleasure, work value, or rest. Those coming from lands where time is looked upon differently may find this matter of pace to be one of their most difficult adjustments in both business and daily life. Many newcomers to the States will miss the opening courtesy of a business call, for example, They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country. They may miss leisurely business chats in a café or coffee house. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talks. We seek out evidence of past performance rather than evaluate a business colleague through social courtesies. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. 1. Which of the following statements is wrong? A. Americans seem to be always under pressure. B. Americans attach less importance to patience. C. Americans don‘t care much about ritual socializing. D. Americans are impolite to their business colleagues. 2. In the fourth paragraph, ―a high priority‖ means ________, A. a less important thing B. a first concern C. a good business D. an attractive gift 3. Americans evaluate a business colleague ________. A. through social courtesy B. through prolonged business talks C. by establishing business relations D. by learning about their past performance 4. This passage mainly talks about ________. A. how Americans treasure their time B. how busy Americans are every day C. how Americans do business with foreigners D. what American way of life is like 5. We can infer from the passage that the author‘s tone in writing is ________. A. critical B. ironical C. appreciative D. objective 一个外国人对于美国的第一印象很有可能是每个人都在压力下匆匆忙忙。城市里的人总是表现得匆匆忙忙不知疲倦的，为了尽快做完一件事情，他们会在店里拼命引起店员的注意或者用胳膊肘推搡别人。白天匆忙就餐也是这个国家生活节奏的一个部分。工作时间被认为是很珍贵的。在一些公共饮食场所，其他人会等在你旁边等你吃完，这样大家都可以得到服务，并赶在规定的时间内回去工作。每个人都会尽快给下一个人腾出地方。如果你不这样，侍者会催促你的。你会发现司机也都很匆忙，人们从你身边匆匆走过。你会错过一些微笑，简短的交谈和一些与陌生人的小礼节。不要在意，这是因为他们非常珍惜时间，而且他们认为一旦太注重这些社交礼节就是浪费时间。对时间的观念还会影响到我们对耐心的理解。在美国价值体系中，耐心并不是首要要考虑的。我们中的很多人被称为”短保险丝”。如果我们觉得时间在毫无意义的溜走，既没有娱乐价值，工作价值，也不在休息，那就会开始不停地徘徊。那些来自时间观念不同的国家的人发现他们在商业和日常生活中最困难的就是对时间节奏的适应。许多刚到美国来的人都会想念他们在商业会谈中一些开场礼节。举个例子，他们会想念因欢迎你到来而泡的一杯茶或咖啡这样的社交礼仪，这在他们国家是常规礼仪。他们会想念在咖啡屋悠闲的会谈。而通常，美国人不会与来访者在这么悠闲的环境中进行一些冗长的小会谈。对于同事，我们总是看他过去的表现而不是与他的社交礼仪。因为我们一般都是更注重专业性的，而不是社交性的，因此我们总是很快进入正题。 Passage 12 In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it‘s a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance. In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late, will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence. (260 words) 1. What is the main idea of this passage? A. It is not customary to telephone someone in the morning and in sleeping hours in the U.S. B. The role of time in social life over the world. C. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible in the U.S. D. Not every country treats the concept of time as the same. 2. What does it mean in the passage if you call someone during his or her sleeping hours? A. A matter of work. B. A matter of life or death. C. You want to see him or her. D. You want to make an appointment with him or her. 3. Which of the following time is proper if you want to make an appointment with your friend? A. at 7: 00 am. B. at 4:00 pm. C. at the midnight. D. at 4:00 am. 4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. In the U.S.A guests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. B. There is no misunderstanding arising between people from different cultures about the concept of time. C. It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in the U.S.A.. D. Promptness is valued highly in American life. 5. From the passage we can safely infer that _________. A. it‘s a matter of life or death if you call someone in day time B. the meaning of time differs in different parts of the world C. it makes no difference in the U.S. whether you are early or late for a business party D. if a person is late for a date, he needn‘t make some explanation Passage 13 People used to say, "The hand that rocks (摇) the cradle (摇篮) rules the world, "and "Behind every successful man, there‘s a woman. "Both these sayings mean the same thing: Men rule the world, but their wives rule them. Most of the American women like making their husbands and sons successful, but some of them want something for themselves. They want good jobs. When they work, they want to be better paid, they want to be as successful as men. The American women‘s liberation movement was started by the women who don‘t want to stand behind successful men. They don‘t want to be told that certain jobs of offices are closed to them. They refuse to work side by side with men who do the same work for a higher pay. A liberated woman must be proud of being a woman and confidence (信心) herself. If somebody says to her, "You‘ve come a long way, baby. "She‘ll smile and answer. "Not nearly as far as I‘m going to go , baby." This movement is quite new, and many American women do not agree. But it has already made some important changes in women‘s lives-in men‘s lives, too. 1. "The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world." means ________. A. woman can not only give birth to children but rule a country B. women not only raise their children but support their husbands C. women do play an important part in men‘s lives and work D. a man can‘t be successful without being married 2. "You‘ve come a long way, baby." means _________. A. "you have walked far from your home" B. "she was done a lot and succeeded greatly in freeing herself" C. "she has worked outside far from her home" D. "you really love me, dear" 3. "Not nearly as far as I‘m going to go, baby." means ________. A. "the way isn‘t very far" B. "she must go even farther to work" C. "she isn‘t so satisfied with success" D. "she is very much satisfied with her the way she covered" 4. According to the passage, the writer ________ the women‘s liberation. A. is all for B. doesn‘t tell us his idea on C. is strongly against D. isn‘t strongly against 5. The best title of this passage should be ________. A. Something about Women B. Women and Their Husbands C. Men‘s Liberation in the USA D. Women‘s Liberation in the USA Passage 14 Sixteen-year-old Maria was waiting in line at the airport in Santo Domingo. She was leaving her native country to join her sister in the United States. She spoke English very well. Though she was very happy she could go abroad, she was feeling sad at leaving her family and fiends. As she was thinking all about this, she suddenly heard the airline employee asking her to pick up her luggage and put it on the scales(称). Maria pulled and pulled. The bag was too heavy and she just couldn‘t lift it up. The man behind her got very impatient. He, too, was waiting to check in his luggage. ―What‘s wrong with this girl?‖ He said, ―Why doesn‘t she hurry up?‖ He moved forward and placed his bag on the counter, hoping to check in fist. He was in a hurry to get a good seat. Maria was very angry, but she was very polite. And in her best English she said, ―Why are you so upset? There are enough seats for everyone on the plane. If you are in such a hurry, why can‘t you give me a hand with my luggage?‖ The man was surprised to hear Maria speak English. He quickly picked up her luggage and stepped back. Everyone was looking at him with disapproval. 1. Maria‘s story happened ________. A. when she was leaving America B. on her way back to Santo Domingo C. before she left the USA D. when she arrived at the airport 2. You believer that the work of the airline employee mentioned in the story is to _______ at the airport. A. help carry people‘s luggage B. ask people to pick up the luggage C. check people‘s luggage D. take care of people‘s luggage 3. ―Why are you so upset?‖ Maria said to the man. She wanted to tell him that he should not be _______. A. surprised B. sad C. unhappy D. sorry 4. ―Everyone was looking at him with disapproval.‖ This sentence means that the people around felt _______. A. worried about Maria B. worried about the man C. sorry for Maria‘s manners D. sorry for the man‘s manners 5. The author mentioned Maria‘s age at the beginning of the story in order to show that _________. A. she was young but behaved properly B. she would not have left home alone C. everyone around her was wrong D. it was not good that nobody offered to help her Passage 15 There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-range and long-term goals. Short-term goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possibly, months. It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation, long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing our short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed. The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals. They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they could even extend for several years. Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow and succeed. And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase. Long-term goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing. We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action. 1. Our long-term goals mean a lot _________. A. If we cannot reach solid short-term goals B. If we complete the short-term goals C. If we have dreams of the future D. If we put forward some plans 2. New short-term goals are built upon ________. A. a daily basis B. your achievement in a week C. current activities D. the goals that have been completed 3. When we complete each step of our goals, ________. A. we will win final success B. we are overwhelmed C. we should build up confidence of success D. we should have strong desire for setting new goals 4. What is the main idea of this passage? A Life is a dynamic thing. B. we should set up long-term goals C. Different kinds of goals in life. D. The limitation of long-term goals. 5. Which of the following statements is wrong according to the passage? A. The long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals B. The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals. C. Life is a static thing, thus we should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action. D. We should often add new short-term goals to those which have been completed. Passage 16 Britain and France are separated by the English Channel, a body of water that can be crossed in as few as 20 minutes. But the cultures of the two countries sometimes seem to be miles apart. Last Thursday Britain and France celebrated the 100th anniversary(周年纪念)of the signing of a friendship agreement called the Entente Cordiality. The agreement marked a new beginning for the countries following centuries of wars and love-hate partnership. But their relationship has been ups and downs over the past century. Just last year, there were fierce disagreements over the Iraq war-which British Prime Minister Tony Blair supported despite French President Jacques Chirac speaking out against it. This discomfort is expressed in Blair and Chirac’s body language at international meetings. While the French leader often greets German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder with a hug(拥抱), Blair just receives a handshake. However, some political experts say the war in Iraq could in fact have helped ties. The history of divisions may well be because of the very different ways in which the two sides see the world. But this doesn‘t stop 12 million Britons taking holidays in France each year. However, only 3 million French come in the opposite direction. Surveys(调查)show that most French people feel closer to the Germans than they do to the British. And the research carried out in Britain has found that only a third of the population believes the French can be trusted. Perhaps this bad feeling comes because the British dislike France‘s close relationship with Germany, or because the French are not happy with Britain‘s close links with the US. Whatever the answer is, as both sides celebrate 100 years of ―doubtful friendship‖, they are at least able to make jokes about each other. Here‘s one: What‘s the best thing about Britain‘s relationship with France? The English Channel. 1. For centuries, the relationship between Britain and France is ________. A. friendly B. impolite C. brotherly D. a mixture of love and hate 2. The war in Iraq does ________ to the relationship between France and Britain. A. good B. harm C. neither good nor harm D. both good and harm 3. The British are not so friendly to ________ and the French are not so friendly to ________. A. Germany; America B. America; Germany C. Germany; Germany D. America; America 4. ________ are more interested in having holidays in _______. A. American people…Britain B. British people … Germany C. French people … Britain D. British people … France 5. What does the last sentence mean? A. As long as the English Channel exists, no further disagreement will form between France and Britain. B. The English Channel can prevent anything unfriendly happening in both France and Britain. C. France and Britain are near neighbors, and this will help balance the relationship between them. D. The English Channel is the largest enemy between France and Britain. Passage 17 When the weather is hot, you go to a lake or an ocean and may feel cool. Why? The sun makes the earth hot, but it cannot make the water very hot. Although the air over the earth becomes hot, the air over the water stays cool. The hot air over the earth rises. Then the cool air over the water moves in and takes the place of the hot air. When you are near a lake or an ocean, you feel the cool air when it moves in. You feel the wind, which makes you cool. Of course, scientists cannot answer all of our questions. If we ask, "Why is the ocean full of salt?" scientists will say that the salt comes from rocks. When a rock gets very hot or very cold, it cracks. Rain falls into the cracks. The rain then carries the salt into the earth and into the rivers. The rivers carry the salt into the ocean. But then we ask, "What happens to the salt in the ocean? The ocean does not get more salty every year." Scientists are not sure about the answer to this question. We know a lot about our world. But there are still many answers that we do not have and we are curious. 1. The main idea of the passage is ________. A. people feel cool when they are near a lake or an ocean B. scientists can explain everything we want to know C. scientists can explain many things but not everything D. the salt in the ocean comes from rocks 2. You feel cool when you are near a lake or an ocean because ________. A. the water is cold B. the earth is hot C. the water is colder than the earth D. the cool air from the water moves towards the land 3. Now scientists know ________. A. what makes people feel cool near a lake or an ocean in summer B. everything about the ocean C. why the ocean does not get more and more salty D. what happens to the salt in the ocean 4. A rock cracks when ________. A. rain falls B. it gets very hot or very cold C. it gets very dry D. it gets very salty 5. People are always curious because ________. A. they know nothing about the world B. they know little about the world C. there are answers they do not have D. all of the above Passage 18 Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called ―One On One‖ helps elementary students who‘ve fallen behind. Your education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching, that is, tutoring in math and English. You‘d have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors — he‘ll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. I‘m sure you‘ll enjoy this community service … and you‘ll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you‘ve had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you‘d like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge‘s office this week. 1. What is the purpose of the talk? A. To explain a new requirement for graduation. B. To interest students in a new community program. C. To discuss the problems of elementary school students. D. To recruit elementary school teachers for a special program. 2. What is the purpose of the program that the speaker describes? A. To find jobs for graduating students. B. To help education majors prepare for final exams. C. To offer tutorials to elementary school students. D. To provide funding for a community service project. 3. What does Professor Dodge do? A. He advises students to participate in certain program. B. He teaches part-time in an elementary school. C. He observes elementary school students in the classroom. D. He helps students prepare their resumes. 4. What should students who are interested in the tutorials do? A. Contact the elementary school. B. Sign up for a special class. C. Submit a resume to the dean. D. Talk to Professor Dodge. 5. Whom do you think the speaker addresses? A. Faculty. B. Students. C. Residents D. Graduated students. Passage 19 When John and Victoria Falls arrived in New York City for one-year stay, they did not bring very many things with them. They had planned either to live in a furnished apartment or to buy used furniture. But they soon learned about a new system that more and more people are using. The renting of home furnishings (bed, tables, dishes, and so on) has become one of America‘s fastest growing businesses. What kinds of people rent their home furnishings instead of buying them? People who are international business or government officials, foreign students, airline workers, young married couple – people whose job or business may force them to move frequently from one city to another. They save a lot of trouble and the cost of moving their furniture each time. They simply rent new furniture when they reach their new homes. Young people with little money do not want to buy cheap furniture that they may soon dislike. They prefer to wait until they have enough money to buy furniture that they really like. Meanwhile, they find they can rent better quality furniture than they could afford to buy. One family, who now has a large, beautiful home of their own, liked their rented furniture so much that they decided to keep renting it instead of buying new things. But usually people don‘t like to tell others about it. The idea of renting home furnishings is still quite new, and they are not sure what their neighbors might think. 1. Which of the following has become one of America‘s fastest growing businesses? A. Selling home furnishings. B. Renting furnished apartments. C. Selling used furniture. D. Renting home furnishings. 2. Why do some people prefer to rent furniture? A. Because the furniture they get in this way is new. B. Because it saves them a lot of money. C. Because it saves them much trouble and money. D. Because they can always get better quality furniture in this way. 3. What can you infer from the passage? A. The idea of renting furniture is not acceptable. B. Renting furniture is not popular in the couple‘s home town. C. Only those who don‘t have enough money to rent furniture. D. People usually grow to like the furniture they have rented. 4. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? A. Rent or Buy? B. A New Way of Getting Home Furnishings C. Furnished Apartments D. A New Idea 5. Young people liked renting home furniture in that __________. A. They have less money B. They don‘t want to buy old furniture C. The new furniture is of good quality D. They don‘t have much money and don‘t want to buy the cheap furniture Passage 20 Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man. Wide spread use of written language would not have been possible without some cheap and practical material to write on. The invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because more books could be printed and distributed. Together with the printing press, paper provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge. How much paper do you use every year? Probably you cannot answer that question quickly. In 1990 the world‘s use of paper was about one kilogram for each person a year. Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person a year. Countries like the United States, England and Sweden use more paper than other countries. Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China. In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. The Egyptians wrote on a kind of material made of a water plant. Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of year. Parchment was very strong; it was made from the skin of certain young animals. We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment. 1. What‘s the meaning for the word ―parchment‖? A. The skin of young animals. B. A kind of paper made from the skin of certain young animals. C. The paper used by European countries. D. The paper of Egypt. 2. Which of the following is not mentioned about the invention of paper? A. More jobs could be provided than before. B. More people could be educated than before. C. More books could be printed and distributed. D. More ways could be used to exchange knowledge. 3. When did the Egyptians begin to use paper widely? A. Around 1400. B. Around 1900. C. Around 400. D. Around 900. 4. Which of the following countries uses more paper for each person a year? A. China B. Sweden C. Egypt D. Japan 5. What is the main idea of this short talk? A. More and more paper is being consumed nowadays. B. Paper enables people to receive education more easily. C. The invention of paper is of great significance to man. D. Paper contributes a lot to the keeping of historical records. Passage 21 Linda and David have traveled by air from London to Sydney, Australia. Linda has promised her mother that she will ring her to let her know that they have arrived safely. This is something she had done ever since she was a child. David thinks it is not a good idea to ring so far, to spend too much, and to say so little. "If there were an accident." He says, ?they‘d know soon enough. Bad news travels fast. " But Linda has promised that she would ring. "However," she says, "?it doesn‘t cost much when you just think that it‘s the other side of the world. It‘s only six pence per second (每秒六便士)。" "If you‘re on that telephone for less than one minute, I‘ll eat my hat,‖ David says, "And one minute‘s nearly four pounds (英镑). " "That‘s no more than you‘d pay for a new hat," ?‘Linda answers. She has asked the man at the hotel (旅馆) desk to get her the number. The telephone rings. Linda picks it up. "Hello, Mum. Is that you?" She says. "Six pence per second," David reminds (提醒) her. ―Hello, love." It is Mrs. Lee, Linda‘s mother, speaking from London. "I can hear you very clearly just like you are in the next room. It?s a better line than when you called me from your office. Do you remember? I shouted at that time, and still you couldn‘t hear me sometimes." "Yes, Mum." Linda puts in. "I just wanted to ring to ……. " "I remember how you rang when you went to Betty‘s house to eat, when you were a little girl. And then when you …" Mrs. Lee is a great talker "Nearly four pounds." says David. Linda tries to tell her mother that it is time to say goodbye. "Yes, all right, "says Mrs. Lee," But you will write, won?t you, as you did when you were at work …" Once again, Mrs. Lee talks about the pass and there is no stopping her. "Four pounds fifty, ‘says David. At last, Linda cuts her mother short, promises to write, and rings off. "There! That wasn?t long, was it?" "Four pounds, ninety pence." David answers. "And you didn‘t even say that we?ve arrived." 1. Linda is telephoning home to ________. A. tell her mother some bad news B. say that she and David have arrived safely C. report an accident to her mother D. say that she and David have left London 2. Linda does not think it expensive to ring, because ________. A. it only costs four pounds and ninety pence B. it is even more expensive to buy a new hat C. she had telephoned home since her childhood D. she will speak from one side of the word to the other 3. David says, ―Nearly four pounds‖, because ________. A. he wants to remind Linda of the cost of the cost of the call B. he wants to buy himself a new hat C. Linda has not told her mother they have arrived D. he wants Mrs. Lee to know how much the call costs 4. Mrs. Lee goes on talking for so long because ________. A. she likes to hear all about the past. B. she likes talking C. Linda had not told her that she has arrived D. she is going to pay for the telephone call 5. Linda tries to stop her mother by ________. A. telling her how much the call is costing B. writing a letter as she has promised to do C. telling her that they have arrived safely D. promising to write, and ringing off Passage 22 One day a man and his daughter were going out for a walk. The man had put on a pair of odd (奇怪的的) shoes, one with a thick sole(鞋跟)and one with a thin sole. As he came out to the street, he felt very uncomfortable. Turning to his daughter, he said: ―Why should one of my legs be longer than the other one?‖ The daughter looked at her father‘s legs and said, ―You have put on two odd shoes!‖ When he heard this, the man was very happy and thought to himself: ―What a bright daughter I have got!‖ Then he asked his daughter to go back to the house and got him another pair of shoes. When the daughter went back to the house, all she could find was one shoe with thick sole and one with thin sole. Taking the shoes to her father, she said, ―It‘s no use changing. These shoes are also odd, one with a thick sole and one with a thin sole.‖ The man listened and thought to himself: ―It can‘t help. I might as well wear the ones I have on now.‖ so they went on for their walk. 1. The man thought that his daughter was ________. A. beautiful B. clever C. lazy D. clean 2. It was the ________ that found the reason for the wrong shoes. A. father B. daughter C. neighbour D. friend 3. The daughter came back, bringing ________ with her. A. a pair of right shoes B. a pair of odd shoes C. a pair of thick-soled shoes D. nothing 4. What do you think that the man should have done? A. He should return to his home and get the shoes himself. B. He should have the thick sole cut off. C. He should have changed one of his shoes. D. He should have no shoes on. 5. What do you think of the man and his daughter? A. They both were not clever. B. The father was cleverer than the daughter. C. The daughter was cleverer than the father. D. Either of them was clever. Passage 23 How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters we call words. The power of words, then, lies in their combinations — the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and feelings. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary (文字的) style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and rude. 1. The origin of language ________. A. is reflected in sounds and letters B. is handed down from generation to generation C. dates back to the prehistoric period D. is a problem not yet solved 2. According to the passage, words are _________. A. visual letters B. represented by sounds C. represented either by sounds or letters D. signs called letters 3. The power of words lies in their _________. A. beauty B. accuracy C. combinations D. charm 4. The secret of a writer‘s success is the use of words that _________. A. recall to us the glad and sad events of our past B. are arranged in a creative way C. are as beautiful as music D. agree with certain literary style 5. The author of the passage advises us _________. A. to use words carefully and accurately B. not to use silly and rude words C. to become a slave of words D. to use emotional words 1. 答案:D。答案在第一段:“the origin of language is a mystery.”因此，语言的起源仍然是个迷，还没有得到解决。 2. 答案:C。第一段谈到:“人类起初用某种声音进行交流，后来又有了字母，字母结合起来可以代表声音，也可以写下来。因此，这些说出来的声音也好，用字母写出来的声音也好，被称为单词。”所以B是正确答案:单词即可以代表声音，也可以代表字母。 3. 答案:C。答案在第二段的第一句话:“the power of words, then lies in their combination” 语言的魅力在于他们的组合。 4. 答案:A。答案在第三段的第一句话:“Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerful to our minds and feelings.”因此作家的伟大在于他们擅长使用丰富的词汇，能使我们回想起过去的喜怒哀乐。 B，C，D文章中均没有提到。 5. 答案:A。答案在文章的最后一句:“We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and rude.”因此，文章建议我们用词要谨慎、准确。 Passage 24 The aim of students who come to school is to study. But to study needs a right way, or we would waste the time or the money. The following are ways of studying. The best time for reading is morning. Because in the morning, the air is fresh and our minds are clear, so we can remember what we have learned easily. For that reason, we can get good results. In studying we must be patient. If we don't understand a text well, we must read it again. We should not read the next one until we have learned the first one well. When we are studying, we must put our hearts into the book. We can not read absent-mindedly (心不在焉) or we can get nothing from the book while we are reading. We must always ask "why". If it is not well understood, write it down and ask our teachers or parents, brothers or friends in any possible way. We must know it completely and then our knowledge can be use well. Though there are many ways of studying, however, the above mentioned will be quite enough if we can keep them in heart and do so. 1. The article tells us ________. A. to read in the morning B. to pay attention to ways of studying C. the importance of reading D. to have patience in study in 2. This article has taught us ________ ways of studying. A. many B. five C. three D. four 3. We'd better read in the morning because ________. A. it is difficult to get good results B. the air is fresh and minds are clear C. it is easy to remember what we have learned D. both A and B 4. If we can't put our heart into the book when we read, it is ________. A. possible to learn something from it B. easy to understand it well C. impossible for us to get something from it D. not hard to get something from it 5. In studying, we must always ask "why" in order to ________. A. understand the book well B. get some questions to ask our teachers C. do with the new words D. write down the questions Passage 25 A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man—the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort. This attitude toward manual (体力) labor is now still seen in many aspects of American life. One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortable but even luxuriously (豪华地) furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact that the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward, furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery. On the contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. A professional may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house. His son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education. 1. From paragraph 1, we know that in America _____________. A. people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made man B. people can always rise to the top through their won efforts C. college professors win great respect from common workers D. people feel painful to mention their fathers as labors 2. According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because ______________. A. servants in American are hard to get B. she takes pride in what she can do herself C. she can hardly afford servants D. It is easy to prepare a meal with canned food. 3. The expression ―wait on table‖ in the second paragraph means ―___________________‖. A. work in a furniture shop B. keep accounts for a bar C. wait to lay the table D. serve customers in a restaurant 4. The author‘s attitude toward manual (体力的) labor is __________________. A. positive B. negative C. humorous D. critical 5. Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage? __________________. A. A Respectable Self-made Family B. American Attitude toward Manual Labor. C. Characteristics of American Culture. D. The Development of Manual Labor. 译文: 美国文化的一个特点，并且几乎成为美国的一项传统的是对自我奋斗的人的尊敬,,通过自己的努力到达顶峰，通常是白手起家。然而公司，企业的领导，社会地位很高，在社区中获得比一般工人或工厂技术人员更多的尊敬的大学教授，都不愿说出自己的父亲在美国是从一个农民，工人这类人开始奋斗的。这种对体力劳动的尊敬在美国生活的很多地方都能看到。一个人被邀请到一户家庭赴宴，这户家庭装潢不只舒适，可以说是豪华，处处可证明这家人家支付得起国外旅行，奢侈的爱好和孩子的大学教育。但是这样的女主人很有可能自己做饭招待客人，然后洗刷餐具，并且这样的宴会不会仅仅提供快餐式的罐头食品，从附近面包房买的蛋糕或派。相反的，女主人通常为精心准备特别的菜肴而感到自豪。男主任会谈论自己如何洗车，在花房劳作，粉刷房子，他的儿子在外地上大学，做餐厅侍应生，洗盘子来供自己生活花费，或者暑假的时候为建筑队在高速公路工作赚钱付学费。 Passage 26 In the United States, children start school when they are five years old. In some states they must stay in school until they are sixteen. Most students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they leave secondary (中等的) schools. There are two kinds of schools in the United States: public schools and private (私立) schools. Their parents do not have to pay for their education because the schools receive money from the government (政府). If a child goes to a private school, his parents have to get enough money for his schooling. Some parents still prefer private schools, though they are much more expensive. Today about half of the high school students go on to university after they finish the secondary school. A student at a state university doesn‘t have to pay very much if his parents live in that state. But many students work while they are studying at universities. In this way, they develop good working habits and live by their own hand. 1. In some states of the USA, children must stay in school for ________ years. A. eleven B. twelve C. thirteen D. fourteen 2. Most children go to public school because ________. A. they like to go there B. they have no money C. their parents needn‘t pay for their education D. their parents have no money 3. Private schools are ________ public schools. A. little more expensive than B. a little less expensive than C. much more expensive than D. the same as 4. Many students work while they are studying at universities because ________. A. they want to make more money B. their parents want them to do so C. they can understand the life D. they develop good working habits and live by their own hands 5. The main idea of this passage is ________. A. Education in the USA B. American Students C. Public Schools D. Private Schools Passage 27 Laws have been written to govern the use of American National Flag, and to ensure proper respect for the flag. Custom has also governed the common practice in regard to its use. All the armed services have precise regulations on how to display the national flag. This may vary somewhat from the general rules. The national flag should be raised and lowered by hand. Do not raise the flag while it is folded. Unfolded the flag first, and then hoist it quickly to the top of the flagpole. Lower it slowly and with dignity. Place no objects on or over the flag. Do not use the flag as part of a costume or athletic uniform. Do not print it upon cushions, handkerchief, paper napkins or boxes. A federal law provides that the trademark cannot be registered if it comprises the flag, or badgers of the US. When the flag is used to unveil a statue or monument, it shouldn‘t serve as a covering of the object to be unveiled. If it is displayed on such occasions, do not allow the flag to the ground, but let it be carried high up in the air to form a feature of the ceremony. Take every precaution to prevent the flag from soiled. It should not be allowed to touch the ground or floor, nor to brush against objects. 1. How do Americans ensure proper respect for the national flag, A. By making laws. B. By enforcing discipline. C. By educating the public. D. By holding ceremonies. 2. What is the regulation regarding the raising of the American National Flag? A. It should be raised by soldiers. B. It should be raised quickly by hand. C. It should be raised only by Americans. D. It should be raised by mechanical means. 3. How should the American National Flag be displayed at an unveiling ceremony? A. It should be attached to the status. B. It should be hung from the top of the monument. C. It should be spread over the object to be unveiled. D. It should be carried high up in the air. 4. What do we learn about the use of the American National Flag? A. There has been a lot of controversy over the use of flag. B. The best athletes can wear uniforms with the design of the flag. C. There are precise regulations and customs to be followed. D. Americans can print the flag on their cushions or handkerchiefs. 5. What is Americans‘ attitude towards their National Flag? A. Arbitrary . B. Respect. C. Happy. D. Brave. Passage 28 It has been reported that in colleges across the United States, the daytime serial drama known as the soap opera has suddenly become ―in‖. Between the hours of 11 a. m. and 4:30 p. m., college television lounges are filled with soap opera fans who can‘t wait to see the next episode in the lives of their favorite characters. Actually, soaps are more than a college favorite; they‘re a youth favorite. When school is out, high-school students are in front of their TV sets. One young working woman admitted that she turned down a higher paying job rather than give up watching her favorite serials. During the 1960‘s, it was uncommon for young people to watch soap operas. The mood of the sixties was very different from now. It was a time of seriousness, and talk was about social issues of great importance. Now, seriousness has been replaced by fun. Young people want to be happy. It may seem strange that they should turn to soap opera, which is known for showing trouble in people‘s lives. But soap opera is enjoyment. Young people can identify with the soap opera character, who, like the college-age viewer, is looking for happy love, and probably not finding it. And soap opera gives young people a chance to feel close to people without having to bear any responsibility for their problems. 1. What is soap opera? A. Plays based on science fiction stories. B. Plays based on non-fiction stories. C. The daytime serial dramas on TV. D. Popular documentary films on TV. 2. What can be the best title of the passage? A. College student viewers. B. Favorite TV serials. C. Soap opera fans. D. College-age viewers. 3. Which are not the reasons why the soap opera suddenly becomes ―in‖ according to the passage? A. Because the viewers want to be happy and to enjoy themselves. B. Because the soap opera makes young people feel close to their people. C. Because the viewers can find themselves in the soap opera characters. D. Because the young people have to bear the responsibilities for their troubles. 4. What can learn from the passage? A. College students like soap operas more than any other social groups. B. Young people of sixties like soap operas more than people today. C. Young viewers have turned themselves from the seriousness of sixties to enjoyment now. D. The young as a whole are trying to look for happy love but in vain. 5. What message does the author want to convey to us? A. The people‘s favorites to drama works have been changed for a long time. B. The people‘s favorites to drama works change along with the times. C. The people‘s favorites to drama works is changed by the soap opera. D. The people‘s favorites have changed the drama works. Passage 29 On Christmas Eve ----- the night before Christmas Day children are very happy. They put their stockings at the end of their beds before they go to bed. They want Father Christmas to give them some presents. Mr. Green tells his children that Father Christmas is a very kind man. He comes on Christmas Eve. He lands on top of each house and comes down the chimney into the fireplace and brings them a lot of present. Christmas Day always begins before breakfast. The children wake up very early. They can‘t wait to open the presents in their stockings. Then they wake up their parents and call: Merry Christmas!‘‘ Do you know what Christmas means? Christmas Day is the birthday of Jesus Christ. When Christ was born, many people gave him presents. So today, people still do the same thing to each other. 1. Christmas Eve is ________. A. the night before December 24 B. the night after December 25 C. the night of December 25 D. the night of December 24 2. Father Christmas often puts the presents ________. A. into children‘s hats B. into children‘s stockings C. under children‘s beds D. into children‘s shoes 3. Father Christmas comes into the house through the ________. A. window B. front door C. chimney D. back door 4. On the morning of Christmas Day, children wake up their parents very early and say ________. A. Good morning! B. Happy New Year! C. Best wishes for you! D. Merry Christmas! 5. On Christmas Day, people often ________ to children A. give presents B. ask for money C. ask for presents D. give money Passage 30 The dark smoke that comes out of stacks or from a burning dump contains tiny bits of solid or liquid matter. The smoke also contains many gases, most of which cannot be seen. Altogether, they make up the serious problems of air pollution. In so many places it keeps us from seeing the sun, irritates our eyes, causes us to cough, and makes us ill. Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had ―black snow‖ from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countries and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is really a global problem. Air pollution can kill babies, older people, and those who have respiratory diseases. In London, in 1952, four thousand people died in one week as a result of a serious air-pollution episode. In 1948, in the small town of Donora, Pennsylvania, twenty people died in a four-day period of bad air pollution. At levels often found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of certain lung disease, such as emphysema, bronchitis, and asthma. Of course, smoking and other factors help to cause these illnesses, too, but these cases have increased greatly during recent years as air pollution has become worse. Air pollution can cause both airplane and auto accidents because it cuts down visibility. There are other possible health dangers from air pollution that we don't know much about. For example, scientists are trying to find out whether chemicals that reach us from the air may cause changes in our cells. These changes might cause babies to be born with serious birth defects. Scientists are trying to learn how all the many chemicals we are apt to take into our bodies from air, food, and even medicines act together to affect our health and the way our bodies work. That is another reason why it is so important to begin to control pollution now instead of waiting until we learn all the answers. Air pollution costs us a lot of money. It soils and corrodes our buildings. It damages farm crops and forests. It has a destructive effect on our works of art. The cost of all this damage to our government is astronomical. It would be much more worthwhile, both for us and for the environment, to spend our tax dollars on air pollution control. 1. The author mentions people dying of air pollution in ________. A. Illinois B. Pennsylvania C. New Jersey D. Washington 2. Air pollution causes airplane accidents because ________. A. pilots become ill B. visibility is reduced C. engines fail D. the air is too hot 3. Scientists are trying to find a link between pollution and ________. A. intelligence levels B. antisocial behavior C. birth defects D. divorce percentage 4. Scientists have not yet determined ________. A. all of the effects of pollution on the human body B. how pollution can be controlled successfully C. when the atmosphere first became polluted D. how to wash the black snow clean 5. We can conclude that ________. A. civilization may be doomed if pollution is not controlled B. pollution is more serious in Europe than it is in America C. most people do not know that pollution is a serious problem D. black snow is not so serious compared with white snow pollution Passage 31 Many people believe they are supposed to drink eight glasses of water a day, or about two liters. Why? Because that is what they have been told all their life. But a new report offers some different advice. Experts say people should obey their bodies; they should drink as much water as they feel like drinking. The report says most healthy people meet their daily needs for liquid by letting thirst be their guide. The report is from the Institute of Medicine, part of the National Academies. This organization provides scientific and technical advice to the government and the public. The report contains some general suggestions. The experts say women should get about two-point-seven liters of water daily. Men should get about three-point-seven liters. But wait — in each case, that is more than eight glasses. There is an important difference. The report does not tell people how many glasses of water to drink. In fact, the experts say it may be impossible to know how many glasses are needed to meet these guidelines. This is because the daily water requirement can include the water content in foods. People do not get water only by forcing themselves to drink a set number of glasses per day. People also drink fruit juices and sodas and milk. They drink coffee and tea. These all contain water. As you might expect, the Institute of Medicine says people need to drink more water when they are physically active. The same is true of those who live in hot climates. Depending on heat and activity, people could need two times as much water as others do. 1. According to the passage, experts advise people to _______. A. drink eight glasses of water a day B. drink as much water as they feel like drinking C. drink a glass of water after each meal D. drink no less than eight glasses of water a day 2. Most healthy people meet their daily needs for water by drinking _______. A. when they are tired B. when they are sweating C. when they are thirsty D. when they are hungry 3. The Institute of Medicine usually ________. A. changes some traditional ideas B. announces some medical advances C. provides scientific and technical advice to the government and the public D. provides scientific and technical advice to the National Academies 4. Which of the following is TRUE? A. People‘s daily water requirement can include the water content in foods. B. The report does tell people how many glasses of water to drink a day. C. The experts say it may be possible to know how many glasses are needed to meet these guidelines. D. People can‘t get water when they drink fruit juices and sodas and milk. 5. People need to drink more water ________. A. when they are physically active B. when they live in hot climates C. when they are running long distance D. all of the above Passage 32 Man has always wanted to fly(Some of the greatest men in history have thought about the problem(One of these，for example，was the great Italian artist，Leonardo da Vinci(达•芬奇)(In the sixteenth century he made designs for machines that would fly(But they were never built( Throughout history，other less famous men have wanted to fly. An example was a man in England 800 years ago(He made a pair of wings from chicken feathers(Then he fixed them to his body and jumped into the air from a tall building(He did not fly very far(Instead，he fell to the ground and broke every bone in his body( The first real steps took place in France，in 1783(Two brothers，the Montgolfiers，made a very large“hot air balloon”(They knew that hot air rises(Why not fill a balloon with it,The balloon was made of cloth and paper(In September of that year，the King and Queen of France came to see the balloon(They watched it carry the very first air passengers into the sky(The passengers were a sheep and a chicken(We do not know how they felt about the trip(But we do know that the trip lasted eight minutes and that the animals landed safely(Two months later，two men did the same thing(They rose above Paris in a balloon of the same kind(Their trip lasted twenty-five minutes and they travelled about eight kilometres( 1. Leonardo da Vinci ________( A. said that man would fly in the sky one day B. built a kind of machine which never flew C. drew many beautiful pictures of birds D. made designs for flying machine 2. Eight hundred years ago an Englishman ________. A(made a kind of flying machine B(tried to fly with wings made of chicken feather C(wanted to build a kind of balloon D(tried to fly on a large bird 3(In fact, the Englishman who tried to fly ________. A(lost his life B(flew only 8minutes C(got badly wounded D(succeeded in flying 4(The very first air passengers in the balloon were ________. A(the King and the Queen B(two Frenchmen C(two animals D(the Montgolfiers 5(When did two Frenchmen rise above Paris, A(In December 1783( B(In September 1783( C(In November 1783( D(In the seventeenth century( Passage 33 In the water around New York City is a very small island called Liberty Island. On Liberty Island there is a very special statue (雕像) called the Statue of Liberty. It is one of the most famous sights in the world. The Statue of Liberty was a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States. The statue was made by a French sculptor (雕塑家) named Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. The inner support system was designed by Gustave Eiffel, the same man who made the famous Eiffel Tower in Paris. Liberty, of course, means freedom, and the Statue of Liberty was given to the United States to celebrate the one-hundredth anniversary (周年) of U.S. Independence from England. The statue was built in France, taken apart piece by piece, and then rebuilt in the United States. It was opened for the public on October 28, 1886. As you might expect, the statue is very big. Visitors can ride an elevator from the ground to the bottom of the statue. If they want to, they can then walk up the 168 steps to reach the head of the statue where they can look out and enjoy the beautiful sight of the city of New York. 1. A good title for the selection is _______. A. Famous Sights in the World B. Liberty Island C. The Statue of Liberty D. A Gift from France 2. The word ―sight‖ in the first paragraph means _______. A. a small present or gift B. a kind of postcard C. the power of seeing D. something that you can see 3. The statue was built _______. A. in France B. in the United States C. in England D. on Liberty Island 4. We may conclude that the elevator does not _______. A. go fast enough B. cost lots of money C. go to the top D. both A and B 5. The man who made the part of the statue that we can see on the outside was _______. A. an unknown architect B. Bartholdi C. Eiffel D. both B and C Passage 34 When I was a boy, I belonged to the Boy Scouts(童子军)，so I used to go camping every summer, and once something happened which I have never been able to explain. We were camping in a place above a river. After arriving, we all rushed down to the river and had a swim. Standing by the river, we noticed that it was surrounded(环绕)by cliffs(悬崖). If someone wanted to reach the river at this point, he had to walk past our camp. Several days later, the scoutmaster had to be away for a day. That afternoon, we had supper early. We were sitting round the fire, eating and talking, when a man walked past and went down towards the river. We all felt that this man looked very strange, but, because each of us was afraid of looking very stupid, no one said anything. We ate rather slowly, taking as long as possible. After finishing, we collected our plates together so that we could take them to the river where we always washed them. But no one moved towards the river -- we stood looking at each other ashamed. Then all shouting at once, we began talking about the man who had walked past us. We agreed how strange he looked and we wondered what he could be doing by the river. We knew that he could only return by passing through our camp. An hour passed. Then one of the boys suggested we should creep(悄悄移动)down by the river so that we could see what the man was doing. Moving very slowly and keeping in the shadow, we crept down towards the bank. One boy climbed a tree so that he could see everything clearly. He called to us that there was no one there, so we ran down to the bank, looking everywhere carefully. We could not understand where the man had gone. When it got dark, we went back to our camp feeling bewildered. We told the scoutmaster what had happened in the evening. Smiling, he doubted that we had seen the man, but finally suggested we go and look again. We did, but there was no one there. Many years have passed, but I still remember it as if it were yesterday. What did we see? I do not know. 1(The writer in the text mainly tells us _________. A(the story of his childhood B(a strange camping experience C(about a stranger by the river D(about a good place for camping. 2(Why did the boys eat their supper slowly? A(They wanted to delay going to the river bank. B(They were waiting for their scoutmaster. C(They had a supper earlier than usual. D(They were talking while eating. 3(The word“bewildered”in the text probably means _________. A(ashamed B(nervous C(unable to understand D(eager to know something 4(When he heard what had happened, the scoutmaster _________. A(realized who the man was B(started to worry about the man C(went back to look for the can D(felt it hard to believe the boys 5(The writer still remembers the event because ________. A(the boys acted foolishly B(the camping place is beautiful C(there has been no explanation for the event D(he particularly enjoyed his camping that summer. Passage 35 All the housewives who went to the new supermarket had one great ambition: to be the lucky customer who did not have to pay for her shopping. For this was what the notice just inside the entrance promised. It said: ―Remember, once a week, one of our customers gets free goods. This May Be Your Lucky Day!‖ For several weeks Mrs. Edwards hoped, like many of her friends, to be the lucky customer. Unlike her friends, she never gave up hoping. The cupboards in kitchen were full of things which she did not need. Her husband tried to advise her against buying things but failed. She dreamed of the day when the manager of the supermarket would approach her and say: ―Madam, this is Your Lucky Day. Everything in your basket is free.‖ One Friday morning, after she had finished her shopping and had taken it to her car, she found that she had forgotten to buy any tea. She dashed back to the supermarket, got the tea and went towards the cash-desk. As she did so, she saw the manager of the supermarket approach her. ―Madam,‖ he said, holding out his hand, ―I want to congratulate you! You are our lucky customer and everything you have in your basket is free!‖ 1. The housewives learnt about the offer of free goods _______. A. on TV B. from the manager C. at the supermarket D. from the newspaper 2. Mrs. Edwards ________. A. is always very lucky B. had no friends C. hoped to get free shopping D. gets disappointed easily 3. Mrs. Edwards‘s husband tried to ________. A. make her unhappy B. cheer her up C. buy things with her D. stop her buying things 4. Mrs. Edwards went back to the supermarket quickly because she had to _______. A. buy another thing B. talk to the manager C. pay for her shopping D. find her shopping 5. Mrs. Edwards must have been ________. A. pleased B. delighted C. proud D. disappointed. Passage 36 Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed. When a person does a certain thing again, he is driven by some unseen force to do the same thing repeatedly, then a habit is formed. Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to get rid of. It is therefore very important that we should pay great attention to the formation of habits. Children often form bad habits, some of which remain with them as long as they live. Older persons also form bad habits lasting as long as they live, and sometimes become ruined by them. There are other habits which, when formed in early life, are of great help. Many successful men say that much of their success has something to do with certain habits in early life, such as early rising, honesty and so on. Among the habits which children should not form are laziness, lying, stealing and so on. These are all easily formed habits. Unfortunately older persons often form habits which could have been avoided(避免). We should keep away from all these bad habits, and try to form such habits as will be good for ourselves and others. 1. ________ are formed little by little. A. Good habits B. Bad habits C. Both good habits and bad habits D. Either good habits or bad habits 2. The underlined word "them" in the first paragraph refers to ________. A. bad habits B. good habits C. children D. other persons 3. Generally speaking, it's difficult for one___ and easy for them _____ which should be avoided. A. to form bad habits; to form good habits B. to form good habits; to form bad habits C. to form such habits as will be good; to get rid of bad habits D. to get rid of bad habits; to form good habits 4 Why should we pay much attention to the formation of habits? A. Because habits are of great help to every one of us. B. Because a man can never get rid of a habit. C. Because it's hard and sometimes even impossible to throw away bad habits. D. Because we are forced to do them again and again. 5. According to the passage, early rising ________. A. has something to do with success B. is an easily formed habit C. is such a habit as should have been avoided D. is such a habit as will be kept Passage 37 The child of today owes much of its pleasant school life to the work of Maria Montessori and others who felt as she did. Maria Montessori was born in 1870 in northern Italy. Both her parents were well educated. While Maria was a student, she took great interest in the study of the particular nature of the child's mind. It came to her that small children should have freedom(自由) to learn. Maria became a doctor and a professor at Rome University. In 1907, after working with backward students, she was given a chance to try out her ideas on children. There were sixty children, aged three to six, in the Children's House. The rooms were bright and colorful. Maria let the children make their own choice of what they wanted to do and work with their own speed. They became busy, peaceful and happy. Maria Montessori was one of the world's great teachers. She traveled in Europe, America and Far East. She thought that true education, providing(提供) for the real needs of the child, would produce wise and happy grown-ups and therefore a peaceful world. Her original way of education has changed our whole idea of what childhood is. Maria Montessori died in Holland at the age of eighty-two. 1. The short passage is mainly about ________. A. the education of backward students B. a new idea of education C. the importance of proper education D. the life of Maria Montessori 2. Maria traveled a lot in the world to ________. A. teach the backward students B. enjoy her life in real nature C. spread her ideas of teaching D. study the situation of education 3. In what way did Maria teach the children in the Children's House? A. She taught them the best way of learning well. B. She let them learn in a very pleasant way. C. She taught them by showing them how to do things. D. She just let them choose the most interesting subjects. 4 We learn from the passage that ________. A. Maria left her homeland in order to study abroad B. Maria didn't get married C. Maria's own parents were her teachers D. Maria fully understood the child's mind 5. Which of the following best explains why Maria was one of the world's great teachers? A. She created a new way in teaching, which changed the old idea of children's education. B. She taught the backward students very successfully and produced a peaceful world. C. She showed great love for the children and trained them in a new way. D. She taught backward students in many different countries and let them learn freely Passage 38 Thirty years ago, Lake Ponkapog in Hartwell, New Jersey, was full, of life. Many birds and animals lived beside the water, which was full of fish. Now there are few birds, animals, and fish. The lake water is polluted(污染). It is in a colour of dirty brown, and it is filled with strange plants. How did this happen? First, we must think about how water gets into LakePonkapog. When it rains, water comes into the lake from all around. In the past, there were forests all around Lake Ponkapog, so the rainwater was clean. Now there are many homes around the lake. People often use chemicals(化学品) in their gardens. They use other chemicals inside their houses for cleaning or killing insects(昆虫). There are also many businesses. Businesses use chemicals in their machines or shops. Other chemicals fall onto the ground from cars or trucks. When it rains, the rainwater picks up all the chemicals from homes and businesses and then .carries them into the lake. They pollute the water and kill the animals. Boats on the lake are also a problem. Lake Ponkapog is a popular place for motorboats. But oil and gas(油和汽)from boats get into the lake. So more bad chemicals go into the water this way. People in Hartwell are worried. They love their lake and want to save it. Will it be possible? A clean lake must have clean rainwater going into it. Clean rainwater is possible only if people are more careful about chemicals at home and at work. They must also be more careful about gas and oil and other chemicals on the ground. And they mustn't use motorboats any more on the lake. All these may change people's lives. Only then can Lake Ponkapog be a beautiful, clean lake again. 1. In the past, the water in Lake Ponkapog was made clean by________. . A. forests B. rain C. birds D. fish 2.Chemicals from homes and businesses ________. A. are always clean B. can help the animals C. are good for the lake D. get into the rainwater 3.Cleaner rainwater will mean ________. . A. more boats on the lake B. more dirty things in the lake C. a cleaner lake D. a dirtier lake 4. To save Lake Ponkapog, people need to ________. .. A. be more careful about chemicals B. use less water C. grow fewer plants in the gardens D. use more motorboats on the lake 5. The passage is about ________. . A. boats on Lake Pbnkapog B. why the water is dirty in Lake Ponkapog C. clean rainwater D. dirty lakes Passage 39 The Chinese New Year is now known as the Spring 'Festival because it starts from the beginning of spring. Though there are some sayings about its origin ( 起源) ,all agree that the word Nian, which in modern Chinese means "year", was originally the name of a beast (野兽) that started to eat people the night before the beginning of a new year. One story goes that the beast Nian had a very big mouth that would take in a great many people at one time. People were very afraid. One day, an old man came to their help and said he would stop all this. To Nian he said, " I hear that you are very strong, but can you eat up all the beasts on earth instead of people who are too weak to be your enemy(敌人)?,‖―Yes,‖Nian agreed with him and went to kill many of the beasts on earth. People were very happy because those beasts also did bad things to people and killed their farm animals from time to time. After that, the old man, who was a god(神), rode on the beast Nian and left. Nian was gone, and other beasts also went into forests; people began to enjoy their happy life. Before the old man left, he had told people to put up red paper-cuts on their windows and doors at each year's end to drive Nian away, because red is the colour the beast felt most afraid of. From then on,every year at the beginning of spring, people "GuoNian". The word "Guo Mian" means "Go through the Nian safely". Putting up red paper-cuts to drive Nian away arid making dumplings for a better new year are still an every-year doing by the Chinese people. However(但是), people today have long forgotten why they are doing all this, they just feel the colour and the food make the New Year very enjoyable. 1.The Chinese New Year is also called ________. . . A. The Beginning of Spring B. The Spring Festival C. The New Spring D. The Beast Nian 2. How did the old man stop Nian from eating people? A. By putting red paper-cuts on windows. B. By eating up beasts. C. By talking to him. D. By riding on him. 3. Why did people put up red paper-cuts instead of those of any other colour? A. Because Nian liked the colour red. B. Because the colour red could kill Nian. C. Because the old man liked the colour red. D. Because Nian was afraid of the colour red. 4.The best title of this passage is ________. . A. The Origin of The Chinese New Year B. The Old Man And The Beast Nian C. How To Go Through The Nian Safely D. What Nian Was Like 5.Which of the sentences is true? A. Nian can eat up all the beasts on earth at one time. B. Nian is a tall beast that likes to eat farm animals. C. Nian is afraid of paper-cuts. D. Nian doesn't like to use his own mind.

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