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第1章 公共用语
1. The engine room. 引擎室
(1) Position of the engine room on board.
船上的发动机室的位置。
(2) Type of machinery in the engine room.
在机房的机械式。
(3) Feature of marine machinery in the engine room.
机舱里的船舶机械特征。
The engine room is the heart of a ship. It is generally located at the stern near the ship bottom. In the engine room, there are a lot of machinery and systems, such as the main engine, the generater engine, boilers, pumps, the refrigerating system, and the air conditioning system. The main engine, also called the main propulsion plant，is the largest and most important one . The modern improvement of control systems results in machinery space remaining unattended for long periods. That is UMS
机舱是船舶的心脏。它一般位于靠近船底船尾。在引擎室里，有很多的机械系统，如主发动机的发动机，发电机，锅炉，水泵，制冷系统，和空调系统。主机，也叫主推进装置，是最大的和最重要的一个。控制系统的结果在机械剩余空间的无人值守长期时期的现代的改进。是啊
2． The engine department. 发动机部。
(1) Introduction of the importance of the engine department on board.
(2) Introduction of personnel of the engine department.
(3) Description of the engine department.
（1）对船上的引擎部门的重要性的介绍。
（2）发动机的部门人员介绍。
（3）的引擎部门描述。
The engine department takes in charge of the engine room. They can make the machinery especially main engine working smoothly ,and anti-pollution.
The chief engineer commands the department. The second engineer ,the third engineer and the fourth all work under his order. There are also some motormen in the department. The captain is responsible for the whole ship.
One of major responsibilities of engine department is to keep the machinery running safely by proper operation and maintenance . Crew members of the engine department should overhaul , operate and maintain the equipment strictly by the rules . We always keep the machines in our engine room in good order.
发动机部门需要在机房收费。他们可以使机械尤其是主发动机工作平稳，抗污染。
总
工程
路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理
师指挥部。第二个工程师，在他的命令第三工程师和第四的所有工作。也有一些司机系。船长负责全船。
一个发动机部主要职责是保持设备的正确运行和维护的安全运行。本机系船员应检修，操作和维护严格的规则的设备。我们总是保持机器好我们的机舱。
3. Self-introduction. 发动机部门需要在机房收费。他们可以使机械的自我介绍。
1).Your education background你的教育背景
2).Your working experience你的工作经验。
3)Your family你的家庭
My name is… I am…years old. I come from…. I am single. I graduated from GuangZhou Marine Technical School in 2003. I have been working on board as an engineer for about 5 years. In my spare time, I like listening to the music, reading books and doing some exercises. I like my job very much.
我是单身。我2003毕业于广州海运技工学校。我一直在委员会作为一个5岁左右的工程师。在我的业余时间，我喜欢听音乐，看书和做一些练习。我非常喜欢我的工作。
4. Your daily work on board您对董事会的日常工作
1) Your position on board. 上你的位置。
2) Your duties during watch-keeping你的职责在值班
3) your experience. 你的经验。
I work as an engineer on board. I like the life on board. My main work is to keep all the pipes and pumps in good condition. Sometimes I have to do some repair work such as repairing the air compressor or pump cylinders. As my experience the most common problem is the pump cylinders.
我在船上工作的工程师。我喜欢上了生命。我的主要工作是把所有的管道和泵处于良好状态。有时我不得不做一些修补工作，如维修空气压缩机或泵缸。根据我的经验，最常见的问题是泵缸。
5. Watch-keeping in the engine room值班的机舱
1) The engineer on duty works for 4 hours each watch.
值班工程师工作4个小时，每只手表。
2) He has to keep everything in good order.
值班工程师工作4个小时，每只手表。
3) He is going to hand over the shift. 值班工程师工作4个小时，每只手表。
The engineer on duty works for 4 hours each watch. He shall be able to service all the machinery. He has to maintain the machinery in good working condition. I am an engineer on board. I am in charge of deck machinery, all pumps, lifeboat, diesel engine and so on. Sometimes I have to do some repair work. When something goes wrong, I have to check and remedy it.
值班工程师工作4个小时，每只手表。他将能够服务所有的机械。他一直保持在良好的工作条件，机械的。我在船上，一个工程师。我在甲板机械，电荷泵，救生艇，柴油发动机等。有时我不得不做一些修补工作。出事的时候，我要检查和纠正。 6. Could you introduce yourself? 你能介绍一下你自己吗？
(1) What’s your name? 你叫什么名字？
(2) Where did you graduate? 你在哪里毕业的？
(3) What education degree do you have? 所受的教育程度吗？
My name is …… I am … years old. I graduated from …..University. I majored in Engineering. I have bachelor degree now.
我毕业于.....大学。我的专业是工程。我有学士学位，现在。
第2章 机舱日常业务
1. Please describe the difference between the diesel engine and the gasoline engine. (See Fig. 2-1 and Fig. 2-2) 请描述柴油机和汽油发动机的区别。（见图2-1和图2-2）
There are many differences between the diesel engine and the gasoline engine. For example: 有柴油发动机和汽油发动机之间的许多差异。比如说呢。
(1)the gasoline engine is operated with four -stroke, but the diesel engine could either be operated by four or two. 汽油机与四冲程柴油机的操作，但可以通过四个或两个操作。
(2)The diesel engine is started by compressed air or electric motor, but the gasoline engine is normally started by motor and fired by spark plug. 柴油机的压缩空气或电机启动，但汽油发动机通常是由电机和由火花塞被解雇。
(3)The diesel engine is a large type usually, it could produce much more power than the gasoline engine, and it has high mechanism efficiency, so it's the most commonly used engine on board ship
柴油机是一种大型的类型通常，它可以产生比汽油发动机更大的功率，并具有高的机械效率，所以它是最常用的发动机的船上
2. Xiao Wang is a cadet of the engine department, who just graduated from Shanghai Maritime University. How do you introduce all the engine room to him? 小王是个少年的引擎部门，谁刚刚毕业于上海海运学院。你如何介绍所有发动机室吗？
The engine room is the heart of the ship. There are a lot of machines there. These machines provide power or assistant for the ship's propulsion ,or the power of daily used for the crew (daily lighting /cooking… ). The main engine which is the heart of the engine room, it can supply power for the ship's propulsion, so you must especially to take care of it. The donkey engine like boilers which is used for producing steam, air compressors are also important. Without them the ship can't operate. So as a cadet of the engine department, you should be familiar with them, and keep them in good running condition.
机舱是船舶的心脏。有很多机器。这些机器为船舶的推进提供动力或助理，或日常用于船员的功率（日常照明、做饭……）。这是发动机室的心脏的主要引擎，它可以用于船舶的推进提供动力，所以你必须特别照顾它。驴引擎如锅炉是用来生产蒸汽，空气压缩机也很重要。没有他们的船不能操作。所以作为一个少年的引擎部门，你应该熟悉他们，和他们保持良好的运行状态。
2. Xiao Zhang is a three-year student majoring in marine engineering from Shanghai Maritime University. How do you introduce the equipment and machinery in the engine room?
小张是一个为期三年的学生来自上海海洋大学海洋工程专业。你怎么在机房引入机械设备？
There are many machines in the engine room. The main engine is the heart of the engine room; it could supply power for the vessel's propulsion. There are a lot of donkey engines in the engine room: boilers for producing steam, fresh water generator is used to produce fresh water from seawater, air compressor is used to supply compressed air … . So as one of engine department, you should be familiar with them, and keep them in good running condition.
机舱中有许多机器。主发动机是机房的心；它可以为船舶推进供电。有很多在机舱发动机驴：生产蒸汽锅炉，新鲜水发生器是用于从海水生产淡水，使用空气压缩机提供的压缩空气的…所以作为一个引擎部，你应该熟悉他们，和他们保持良好的运行状态。
4. Look at the illustration and say something about the disposal of the shafting and diesel engine. (See Fig. 2-3) 看看插图和说一些关于处理轴系和柴油发动机。（见图2）
The power of the diesel engine is transmitted to the propeller through the transmission system. The items of transmission system include various shafts, such as the thrust shaft, one or more intermediate shafts and tail shaft. These shafts are supported by the thrust block, intermediate bearings and the stern tube bearing. The propeller consists of a boss with several blades. The thrust is transmitted along the shafting to the thrust block and finally to ship structure.
柴油发动机的动力通过传动系统传递给螺旋桨。传动系统的项目包括各种轴，如推力轴，一个或多个中间轴和尾轴。这些轴的推力块支撑，中间轴承、尾管轴承。螺旋桨由多个叶片的老板。推力传递沿轴推力块，最后在船舶结构。
5. Look at the illustration and say something about the probability of medium-speed and high-speed diesel engine. (See Fig. 2-4) 看看插图和说中速和高速柴油机的概率的东西。（见图2）
When the ship is sailing at full speed, it needs four engines running. When the ship is sailing at half speed, it requires two engines running. While the ship is operating at about 30 % of full speed, one engine is enough to meet its power requirement. That is, the ship can be operated with single engine, double engines, or four engines according the load condition. Generally, when the ship is sailing at sea speed, it has four engines running, while it approaches the wharf, it has two in running. 当船全速航行，它需要四发动机运行。当船航行速度的一半，它需要两个引擎运行。当船舶在全速运行30%，一个引擎足以满足其电力需求。那是，船舶可以操作的单引擎，双引擎，或四的发动机根据负荷条件。一般来说，当船舶在海上航行速度，已运行四引擎，当它接近码头，它有两个运行。
6. Look at the illustration and say something about structure of the main engine. (See Fig. 2-5) 看看插图和说的主机结构。（见图2）
The structure of the main engine is as follows:
发动机的主要结构如下：
（1） the construction mainly includes bedplate, frame, cylinders, pistons, connecting rod, main bearing and crankshaft.
的建设主要包括底座，支架，气缸，活塞，连杆，曲轴主轴承。
（2） The crankshaft rests in main bearings built into cross girders of the bedplate. On the top of A frame there is a scavenging air box. The bedplate, frames and cylinder blocks are secured together by long tie-rods. 曲轴主轴承是建立在台板上横梁。在机架顶部有一个扫气箱。台板，框架和缸体是由长拉杆固定在一起。
（3） A piston consists of a lower part called piston skirt and an upper part called piston crown. 活塞由下的部分称为活塞裙部和上部的部分称为活塞顶。
7. Look at the illustration and say something about stress status of the moving parts. (See Fig. 2-6) 看看插图和说些运动部件的应力状态。（见图2-6）
The moving parts shown in the illustration mainly include the piston, the connecting rod, and the crankshaft. These are all critical/main parts of the engine. According to the specific condition shown in the picture, the piston is under compression force, the connecting rod is under tension stress and compression force, while the crankshaft is under the torsion forces. 运动部件图所示，主要包括活塞，连杆，曲轴。这是发动机的主要部件的所有关键/。根据图中所示的特定条件下，活塞在压缩力，连杆的拉应力和压力下，而曲轴的扭转力。
8. Look at the illustration and say the type of piston head shape in diesel engine. (See Fig. 2-7) 看看插图和说，在柴油机活塞头部形状的类型。（见图2-7）
knurled piston圆顶活塞dome head piston 凸顶活塞flat head piston平顶活塞crown head piston(convex head piston)凹顶活塞concave head piston阶梯顶活塞
9. Look at the illustration and say the types of piston ring(See Fig. 2-8) 看看插图说活塞环的类型（见图2-8）
Pistons are usually equipped with piston rings. There are different kinds of piston rings in used. For example: In accordance with sub-section shape按断面形状分,it can be divided into the following types: half keystone ring半梯形环Rectangular ring矩形环Chamfer Ring倒角环Twisted ring 扭曲环and so on. By structure，it can be divided into two main types: Scraping oil ring 刮油环, Gas Ring 气环, different kinds of piston ring has different functions, but all in all it including the function of sealing, conditioning oil, Thermal conductivity (heat), Direction (bearing) 密封、调节机油（控油）、导热（传热）、导向（支承）
通常装有活塞环，活塞。有各种不同的活塞环的使用。例如：在亚按断面形状分按截面形状，可分为以下类型：半梯形环半梯形环矩形环矩形环倒角环倒角环扭环扭曲环等等。的结构，它可以分为两大类：刮油环刮油环，气环气环，不同种类的活塞环有不同的功能，但所有的一切，包括密封，功能调理油，热传导（热），方向（轴承）密封、调节机油（控油）、导热（传热）、导向（支承）
10. Please describe the lubricating mode of main engine.
请描述主发动机的润滑方式。
Large marine diesel engines of crosshead construction generally have two systems of lubrication: a totally loss system feeding the cylinders and a circulating system lubricating the running gear and cooling the pistons. Oil is supplied to the cylinder liner wall and piston rings by means of mechanical lubricators. The lube oil to the various moving parts enables the formation of an oil film which reduces friction and wear. 十字头建设大型船用柴油机一般都有两个系统：一个完全丧失润滑系统输送缸和循环系统润滑传动装置和冷却活塞。石油供应到气缸壁和活塞环的机械润滑装置。润滑油的各种运动部件，使油膜，减少摩擦和磨损的形成。
11. Talk about the working principle of (oil) purifier according to the picture given. (See Fig. 2-9) 谈论工作原理（油）根据所给图片净化器。（见图2-9）
Oil purifiers are used on board ship to treat fuel oil and lubricating oil. 油净化器是用于船上对燃料油和润滑油。
The oil to be purified is first allowed to settle in a settling tank. Any large particles will settle out and can be drained every watch. After the oil has time to settle, it is passed through fine meshed wire filters to remove any coarse particles（油经过沉淀后，再通过细滤器去除大颗粒杂质）. The oil is then sent to the oil purifier.
石油是纯化的第一次允许在一个沉淀池处理。任何大颗粒会沉淀出来，将每一个手表。油后的时间来解决，这是通过细网状线滤波器以去除任何粗颗粒（油经过沉淀后，再通过细滤器去除大颗粒杂质）。然后油送到油净化器。
An oil purifier uses centrifugal force for separating dirt or water from oil. Oil to be purified is allowed to enter the bowl while it is rotating. The heavier components in the oil are thus forced outwards. The solid particles that are too fine to be removed by filtration are forced towards the circumference of the bowl.
油净化器利用离心力从油中分离的灰尘或水。油净化被允许进入碗旋转时。油中的较重的组件因此被迫向外。那太细，可以通过过滤除去固体颗粒被迫向钵四周。
（ Oil purifiers usually maintain a layer of water inside the bowl to act as a seal for the oil. Without the water layer to act as seal, the oil can flow out together with the particles and be lost. There will be a ring that acts like a barrier between the oil layer and the water layer. This ring is known as dam ring or gravity disc. The most common designs have conical plates to ensure the particles to clump together. The larger particles formed will weigh more and more and are able to be separated from the oil easier.）
（油净化器通常保持一层水碗里为油封。没有水的层作为密封，油流出连同颗粒和丢失。会有一个戒指，就像油层和水层之间的屏障。这枚戒指是众所周知的挡环或重力盘。最常见的
设计
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有锥形板保证粒子聚集在一起。较大的颗粒形成的重量将越来越多，可从油容易分离。）
12. Talk about the working principle of oily water separator according to the picture given. (See Fig. 2-10) 浅谈油水分离器的工作原理，根据给定的图片。（见图2）
The oily water separator works on the principle of coalescing small oil droplets （聚结小油滴）in the water to form larger oil drops. When the oil drops becomes large enough, the lower density oil drops floats up and collects at the top of the vessel. The water remains at the lower portion and is pumped overboard. The oil layer is pumped into an oily bilge tank, which can be pumped out at an oil collecting facility when the ship arrives at a port. 油水分离器的工作原理，结合小油滴（聚结小油滴）在水中形成大的油滴。当油滴变得足够大，密度低的油滴上浮和收集在容器顶部。水仍然维持在较低的部分和泵舷外。油层泵入污油舱，可抽出的油收集装置在船舶到达一个港口。
The separator consists of a vertical cylindrical pressure vessel （垂直的圆柱形压力容器）containing a number of inverted conical plates（反向的锥形板）. The oily water enters the separator in the upper half of the unit and is directed downwards to the conical plates. Large globules of oil separate out in the upper part of the separator while the smaller globules are carried by the water into the space between the plates. The rising velocity of the globules are carried them upwards where they become trapped by the under surfaces of plates and coalesce until the enlarged globules have sufficient rising velocity to travel along the plate surface and break away at the periphery.（油滴向上的速度使油水向上运动，油滴在捕集板的下表面被捕集，并开始集合，直到油滴长大至有足够的上升速度沿捕集板的表面运动并在四周分离） As the oil rises, it is caught underneath an annular baffle （在圆形挡板下面）and is led up through the turbulent inlet area by risers to collect in the dome of the separator. The water leaves the conical plate via central a central pipe which is connected to a flange at the base of the separator.
垂直的圆柱形压力容器（垂直的圆柱形压力容器）包含一系列的倒锥形板（反向的锥形板）。含油污水进入分离器在单位的上半部，是朝下的锥板。大的油滴分离出来，在分离器的上部，而较小的小球是由水变成板之间的空间。在球的上升速度进行他们向上，他们成为被困的板的下表面和凝聚到扩大的小球有足够的上升速度沿板表面，打破周围。（油滴向上的速度使油水向上运动，油滴在捕集板的下表面被捕集，并开始集合，直到油滴长大至有足够的上升速度沿捕集板的表面运动并在四周分离）当油价上涨时，它是被一个环形挡板下面（在圆形挡板下面），导致了通过湍流入口区的立管，在隔板的圆顶收集。水叶锥形板通过中央，在分离器座连接法兰中心管。
13. Talk about the anti-pollution equipment on board ship.
There usually is some anti-pollution equipment on board ships: they are oily water separator, incinerator and sewage treating system. 通常有一些反污染设备的船上：他们是油水分离器，焚烧炉和污水处理系统。
(1)Oily water separators are used to ensure that ships do not discharge oil when pumping out bilge water or oily water from oil tanker preventing oil contaminated space. They should be used in conjunction with some forms of filters if greater purity is required.
油水分离器是用于确保船舶不放油时，泵出油轮防止油污染的空间舱底水和含油的水。他们应该用在某些形式的连接过滤器，如果需要更高的纯度。
(2)The incinerators are used to burn the solid waste.
焚烧炉是用来燃烧的固体废物。
(3)And some biological sewage treatment plants are in use at sea to treat the sewage water the whole ship produced. All these equipment perform their duties to prevent pollutions from ship to the sea. (And we must take great care about them to meet the latest legislative requirements.) 和一些生物污水处理厂是在海上使用的污水处理产生的水全船。所有这些设备，防止污染从船到海上履行职责。（我们必须关心他们适应新的立法要求。）
14. Talk about the operation of the ballast system. 浅谈镇流器系统的操作。
(1)The ballast system is arranged to ensure that water can be drawn from any tank or the sea and discharged to any other tank or the sea as required to trim the vessel. Combine or separate mains for suction and discharge may be provided. Where a tank or cargo space can be used for ballast or dry cargo then either a ballast or bilge connection will be required. 设置为确保水可以从任何池或海引起排放任何其他坦克或海需要修剪船舶压载系统。结合或吸入和排出单独的电源可提供。在罐或货物的空间可用于压载或干散货然后镇流器或舱底的连接将被要求。
(2)The system must therefore be arranged so that only the appropriate pipeline is in service; the other must be securely blanked（安全隔离） or closed off. The automatic filling of any tank may be obtained by opening the valve of sea water main connected to the discharge main. For operating the ballast system, care must taken when we open or close the relative valves. Usually the ballast pump is centrifugal pump, so it must be operated according to the requirement. 因此系统必须安装，只有适当的管道服务；其他必须牢固的空白（安全隔离）或关闭。任何箱自动填充可通过打开海水主要连接到放电主阀获得。操作压载系统，必须采取，当我们打开或关闭相关的阀门。通常，压载泵是离心泵，所以它必须按照要求操作。
15. Talk about the operation of the bilge system. 浅谈污水系统的操作。
（The operation of the bilge system is an import routine work, which needs great carefulness. When it is needed, the following procedure must be strictly observed:）（的舱底水系统操作的重要日常工作，这需要极大的细心。当它是必要的，下面的操作必须严格遵守：）
1) Discharge the bilge tanks one by one. 排放污水的坦克之一。
2) Open and close the relevant valves when changing over to another tank according to the operation procedure.
打开和关闭相关的阀门时，切换到另一个罐按照操作程序。
3) Stop pumping out when the bilge tank is nearly empty.
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