四级星火英语真题卷

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenexpressyourviewsontheimportanceoflearningbasicskills.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet1.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.A)Themanhasleftagoodimpressiononherfamily.B)Theman’sjeansandT-shirtsarestylish.C)Themanshouldbuyhimselfanewsuit.D)Themancandresscasuallyfortheoccasion.2.A)Itsprice.C)Itslocation.B)Itscomfort.D)Itsfacilities.3.A)Itisaroutineoffer.C)Itisnewonthemenu.B)Itisquitehealthy.D)Itisagoodbargain.4.A)Readthenoticeonthewindow.C)Goandaskthestaff.B)BoardthebustoCleveland.D)Getanewbusschedule.5.A)Heisashamedofhispresentcondition.B)Heiscarelessabouthisappearance.C)Hechangesjobsfrequently.D)Heshaveseveryotherday.6.A)Thewomanhadbeenfinedmanytimesbefore.B)Thewomanknowshowtodealwiththepolice.C)Thewomanhadviolatedtrafficregulations.D)Thewomanisgoodatfindingexcuses.7.A)Shegothurtinanaccidentyesterday.B)Shehastogotoseeadoctor.C)Sheisblackandblueallover.D)Shestayedawayfromworkforafewdays.8.A)ShewillaskDavidtotalkless.B)Shewillmeetthemanhalfway.C)Sheissorrythemanwillnotcome.D)ShehastoinviteDavidtotheparty.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)Beautifulsceneryinthecountryside.B)Asportheparticipatesin.C)Dangersofcross-countryskiing.D)Painandpleasureinsports.10.A)Hecan’tfindgoodexamplestoillustratehispoint.B)Hecan’tfindapeacefulplacetodotheassignment.C)Hecan’tdecidewhethertoincludetheeffortpartofskiing.D)Hedoesn’tknowhowtodescribethebeautifulcountryscenery.11.A)Newideascomeupasyouwrite.B)Muchtimeisspentoncollectingdata.C)Alotofeffortismadeinvain.D)Thewriter’spointofviewoftenchanges.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Havingherbicyclerepaired.C)Lecturingonbusinessmanagement.B)HostinganeveningTVprogram.D)Conductingamarketsurvey.13.A)Herepairedbicycles.C)Heworkedasasalesman.B)Hecoachedinaracingclub.D)Heservedasaconsultant.14.A)Hewantedtobehisownboss.B)Hedidn’twanttobeintoomuchdebt.C)Hedidn’twanttostartfromscratch.D)Hefounditmoreprofitable.15.A)Theyarealltheman’sfriends.C)Theyarepaidbythehour.B)Theyworkfivedaysaweek.D)Theyallenjoygambling.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theysharedmutualfriendsinschool.B)Theyhadmanyinterestsincommon.C)Theysharedmanyextracurricularactivities.D)Theyhadknowneachothersincechildhood.17.A)Atalocalclub.C)Attheboardingschool.B)AtJoe’shouse.D)Atthesportscenter.18.A)Durablefriendshipscanbeverydifficulttomaintain.B)Onehastoberespectfulofotherpeopleinordertowinrespect.C)Socialdivisionswillbreakdownifpeoplegettoknoweachother.D)Itishardforpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundstobecomefriends.PassageTwoQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)TheartofJapanesebrushpainting.C)CharacteristicsofJapaneseartists.B)SomefeaturesofJapaneseculture.D)TheuniquenessofJapaneseart.20.A)Tocalmthemselvesdown.C)Toshowtheirimpatience.B)Toenhanceconcentration.D)Tosignallackofinterest.21.A)Howspeakerscanmisunderstandtheaudience.B)Howspeakerscanwinapprovalfromtheaudience.C)Howlistenersindifferentculturesshowrespect.D)HowdifferentWesternandEasternartformsare.PassageThreeQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Theymistakethefirefightersformonsters.B)Theydonotrealizethedangertheyarein.C)Theycannothearthefirefightersforthenoise.D)Theycannotseethefirefightersbecauseofthesmoke.23.A)HeteachesSpanishinaSanFranciscocommunity.B)Heoftenteacheschildrenwhattododuringafire.C)HetravelsalloverAmericatohelpputoutfires.D)Heprovidesoxygenmaskstochildrenfreeofcharge.24.A)Heisverygoodatpublicspeaking.B)Herescuedastudentfromabigfire.C)Hegivesinformativetalkstoyoungchildren.D)Hesavedthelifeofhisbrotherchokingonfood.25.A)Kidsshouldlearnnottobeafraidofmonsters.B)Informativespeechescansavelives.C)Carelessnesscanresultintragedies.D)FirefightersplayanimportantroleinAmerica.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Almosteverychild,onthefirstdayhesetsfootinaschoolbuilding,issmarter,more26,lessafraidofwhathedoesn’tknow,betteratfindingand27,moreconfident,resourceful(机敏的),persistentand28thanhewilleverbeagaininhisschooling–or,unlessheisveryunusualandverylucky,fortherestofhislife.Already,bypayingcloseattentiontoand29theworldandpeoplearoundhim,andwithoutanyschool-typeformalinstruction,hehasdoneataskfarmoredifficult,complicatedand30thananythinghewillbeaskedtodoinschool,orthananyofhisteachershasdoneforyears.Hehassolvedthe31oflanguage.Hehasdiscoveredit–babiesdon’tevenknowthatlanguageexists–andhehasfoundouthowitworksandlearnedtouseit32.Hehasdoneitbyexploring,byexperimenting,bydevelopinghisownmodelofthegrammaroflanguage,by33andseeingwhetheritworks,bygraduallychangingitand34ituntilitdoeswork.Andwhilehehasbeendoingthis,hehasbeenlearningotherthingsaswell,includingmanyofthe“35”thattheschoolsthinkonlytheycanteachhim,andmanythataremorecomplicatedthantheonestheydotrytoteachhim.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Oneinsix.Believeitornot,that’sthenumberofAmericanswhostrugglewithhunger.Tomaketomorrowalittlebetter,FeedingAmerica,thenation’slargest36hunger-relieforganization,haschosenSeptemberasHungerActionMonth.Aspartofits30Waysin30Daysprogram,it’sasking37acrossthecountrytohelpthemorethan200foodbanksand61,000agenciesinitsnetworkprovidelow-incomeindividualsandfamilieswiththefueltheyneedto38.It’sthekindofworkthat’sdoneeverydayatSt.Andrew’sEpiscopalChurchinSanAntonio.Peoplewho39atitsfrontdooronthefirstandthirdThursdaysofeachmontharen’tlookingforGod–they’rethereforsomethingtoeat.St.Andrew’srunsafoodpantry(食品室)that40thecityandseveralofthe41towns.JanetDraneisitsmanager.Inthewakeofthe42,thenumberoffamiliesinneedoffoodassistancebegantogrow.Itis43that49millionAmericansareunsureofwheretheywillfindtheirnextmeal.What’smostsurprisingisthat36%ofthemlivein44whereatleastoneadultisworking.“Itusedtobethatonejobwasallyouneeded,”saysSt.Andrew’sDrane.“Thepeopleweseenowhavethreeorfourpart-timejobsandthey’restillrightontheedge45.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)accumulateI)householdsB)circlingJ)recessionC)communitiesK)reportedD)competitionL)reviewedE)domesticM)servesF)financiallyN)surroundingG)formallyO)surviveH)gatherSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.UniversitiesBranchOutA)Asneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.B)Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomemoreself-consciouslyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative(合作的)researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.C)Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.D)Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships(实习)abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity—andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.E)Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendvideoconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinChina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.team.F)Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure(基础设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.G)Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.H)Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.I)MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand—likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory—strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Americanuniversitiespreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareersbygivingthemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.47.Sincethemid-1970s,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedatanannualrateof3.9percent.48.TheenrollmentofinternationalstudentswillhaveapositiveimpactonAmericaratherthanthreatenitscompetitiveness.49.Thewayresearchiscarriedoutinuniversitieshaschangedasaresultofglobalization.50.OfthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringintheUnitedStates,twentypercentcomefromforeigncountries.51.ThenumberofforeignstudentsapplyingtoU.S.universitiesdecreasedsharplyafterSeptember11duetochangesinthevisaprocess.52.TheU.S.federalfundingforresearchhasbeenunsteadyforyears.53.Aroundtheworld,governmentsencouragethemodeloflinkinguniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplication.54.Present-dayuniversitieshavebecomeapowerfulforceforglobalintegration.55.WhenforeignstudentsleaveAmerica,theywillbringAmericanvaluesbacktotheirhomecountries.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(营养不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受伤害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的).”However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。56.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?A)Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.B)Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.C)Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.D)Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.57.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?A)Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.B)Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.C)Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.D)Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.58.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?A)Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.B)Itdeservesourclosestattention.C)Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.D)Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.59.WhatisSorenAndreasen’sviewofthereport?A)Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.B)Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.C)ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.D)Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.60.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?A)Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.B)Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.C)Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.D)Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.It’sanannualargument.Doweordowenotgoonholiday?Mypartnersaysnobecausetheboilercouldgo,ortherooffalloff,andwehavenosavingstosaveus.Isayyouonlyliveonceandweworkhardandwhat’sthepointifyoucan’tgoonholiday.Thejoyofarecessionmeansnoargumentnextyear–wejustwon’tgo.Sincemoneyisknowntobeoneofthethingsmostlikelytobringarelationshiptoitsknees,weshouldbegrateful.Formanyfamiliestherecessionmeansmorethannotbookingaholiday.AYouGovpollof2,000peoplefound22%saidtheywerearguingmorewiththeirpartnersbecauseofconcernsaboutmoney.What’slesscleariswhetherdivorceandseparationratesriseinarecession–financialpressuresmeancouplesarguemorebutmakesplittinguplessaffordable.Arecentresearchshowsargumentsaboutmoneywereespeciallydamagingtocouples.Disputeswerecharacterisedbyintenseverbal(言语上的)aggression,tendedtoberepeatedandnotresolved,andmademen,morethanwomen,extremelyangry.KimStephenson,anoccupationalpsychologist,believesmoneyissuchabigdealbecauseofwhatitsymbolises,whichmaybedifferentthingstomenandwomen.“Peoplecansaythesamethingsaboutmoneybuthavedifferentideasofwhatit’sfor,”heexplains.“They’llsayit’stosave,tospend,forsecurity,forfreedom,toshowsomeoneyoulovethem.”Hesaysmenaremorelikelytoseemoneyasawayofbuyingstatusandofshowingtheirparentsthatthey’veachievedsomething.“Thebiggestproblemisthatcouplesassumeeachotherknowswhat’sgoingonwiththeirfinances,buttheydon’t.Thereseemstobemoreofataboo(禁忌)abouttalkingaboutmoneythanaboutdeath.Butyoubothneedtoknowwhatyou’redoing,who’