《汉字的发展英文介绍Chinesecharacter》PPT课件讲义

（Suitableforteachingcoursewareandreports）汉字的发展英文介绍Chinesecharacter壹贰叁肆contentonetwothreefour汉字的简介汉字的发明汉字的发展汉字的结构汉字的简介世界上最古老的，承传的手写文字最早出现于5,000多年前中国的古老汉字构思来自形象和意象,简单的形象结合在一起可以构成复杂的意象汉字是方块字TheChineseLanguageIstheoldest,continuouswrittenlanguageintheWorldFirstwrittenover5,000yearsagoTheinventorsofthewrittenlanguagedrewpicturestoexpresswordsorideas,SimplepictureswerecombinedtomakemorecomplexthoughtsIssquare-shaped.Chinesecharacterswereinitiallymeanttobesimplepicturesusetohelppeoplerememberthings.Afteralongperiodofdevelopment,itfinallybecameauniquecharactersystemthatembodiesphoneticsound,image,idea,andrhymeatthesametime.汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过演变发展最终成为一种兼具音·形·意·韵的独特文字。形意音韵soundimageidearhymeChinesecharactersareusuallyroundoutsideandsquareinside,whichisrootedinancientChinesebeliefsofanorbicularskyandarectangularearth.汉字结构“外圆内方”源于古人“天圆地方”的观念。汉字的发明TheinventionoftheChinesecharactersKeeprecordsbytyingknots(结绳说）TheEightDiagrams(八卦说）Cangjiecreatedthecharacters(仓颉造字说）传说上古时期有个名叫仓颉（jīé）的人，他是黄帝的史官。据说他长着4只眼睛，上面两只观日月星辰，下面两只观看山川鸟兽，据万物的形状创造了汉字。后人尊他为“造字圣人”。实际上，汉字这样的文字系统，不是一人一时所能创造的，而是在发明、积累及形成过程中，由许多人慢慢丰富起来的。Inlegend,therewasafigureinremoteantiquitynamedCangJiewhowasanofficialhistorianofHuangdi(knownastheYellowEmperor).Itwassaidthathehad4eyes,andtheupper2wereforwatchingthesun,themoonandthestarswhilethelower2forwatchingmountains,rivers,beastsandbirds.Anditwashe,asthelegendgoes,whohadcreatedtheChinesecharactersaccordingtotheshapesofallthings.Sohehasthetitleof“SageofCharacter-creation”,aslatergenerationsaddressedhim.Nevertheless,itisimprobableforanysinglepersontocreateacomplicatedcharactersystematonetime.Thecharactersisactuallydevelopedbymanypeoplegraduallyinthelongprocessofinvention,accumulation,andevolution.汉字的发展thedevelopmentofChinesecharactersOracleBoneInscription甲骨文BronzeInscriptions金文SealScript篆 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf OfficialScript隶书RegularScript楷书CursiveScript草书Runningscript行书TheoldestChineseinscriptionsaretheOraclebonescript甲骨文(BC.14-11).MostofOracleBoneInscriptionaredivinationrecords,engravedonthetortoiseshellsoranimalbones.Nowwehavebeenfoundmorethan4600oracles,includingabout1000recognized.Oracleiscarvedwithaknife,verylittleiswritten,becausewordshavenotunified,manywordscanwrite,writeback,strokessimplifieddiffer,Chinesecharactercomponentisnotfixed,andsomanyvariantcharacters（异体字）.divinationBronzeInscriptions（金文）refertoancientinscriptioncastorcarvedonthebronzeware（青铜器）.TheyareusedFromShang,ZhoutoQin,Handynasties,butthemainfindingsarethewordsonthebronzewareofwesternzhoudynasty.SealScript（篆书）canalsobecalledas“ScriptofQin”,including“Dazhuan（大篆）”and“Xiaozhuan（小篆）”.AtthebeginningoftheQinDynasty,TheFirstEmperorcontendedtheideathatthewrittenscriptshouldbestandardizedinformbecausethecharacterformsweredifferentfromareatoareainZhoutimes.ItwassaidthatLiSi（李斯）compiledandTheScriptemergedfinally.Inordertomakewritingmoretime-saving,heinventedanewformwhichwasappreciatedbyTheFirstEmperor.ItisLishu(隶书）TheformationoftheOfficialscriptisanimportantturning-pointinhistorybecauseitlaysafoundationforthesquattershapeofChinesecharacters.It’ssaidthattheRegularscript（楷书）emergedintheLaterHanperiod.Itisakindofmorebeautifulandsimplerformandcouldsetangoodexampleforwriting.Soitiscalled“Kaishu”inChinesebecause“Kai”meansgoodexamples.Inaddition,famouscalligrapherssuchasYanZhenqing（颜真卿）andLiuGongquan（柳公权）leftquantitiesofmasterpiecesforus.ThedevelopmentofChinesecharactersgrewintoahigherlevel.Regularscript（楷书）ItbecamepopularintheJinDynasty（晋朝）asweknowthefamouscalligrapherssuchasWangXizhi（王羲之）,WangXianzhi（王献之）andthelike.Regularscript（楷书）Cursivescript草书CursiveScript（草书）includeZhangcao,JincaoandKuangcao,allhardtorecognize.ZhangcaoemergedatZhangemperorofeasternHan;JincaoemergedattheendoftheLaterHanperiod.Kuangcaowascreatedinthetangdynasty,changing,andverydifficulttoidentify,turnedintoapureart,therearefewpracticalvalue.Runningscript（行书）emergedattheendoftheEasternHanperiod.itisakindofformbetweenregularscriptandcursivescript.Ithashighartistryandpracticality.汉字的结构thestructureoftheChinesecharacterThestructureuniteoftheChinesecharacter汉字的结构单位Theorderofstrokesofcharacter汉字的笔顺Theformationofcharacter汉字的造字法1、ThestructureuniteoftheChinesecharacter（汉字的结构单位）TherearethreeaspectstothestructureofaChinesecharacter:thestrokes,thecomponentsandthewholecharacter.Forexample,thecharacter“木”consistsofthestrokes"—","丨","丿","乀".Itisabasiccharacterandisalsousedasacomponentforsomeothercharacters.Forexample,“林”consistsoftwo"木"characters.ThecomponentsarethecorestructureofaChinesecharacter.Chinesecharacterscanbedividedintocharacter-partsandnon-character-parts.Forexample,"院"canbedividedintothefollowingthreeparts:"阝","宀","元"ofwhich"元"isacharacter-part,while"阝"and"宀"arethenon-character-parts.ThekeytolearningChinesecharacterswellistomastertheircomponents.Chinesecharactersarewrittenbycombiningvariouskindsof"strokes".Thesestrokescanbedividedinto"basic"strokesand"combined"strokes.Structurallyspeaking,Chinesecharactersfallintocategories:thesingle-componentcharactersandthemulti-componentcharacters.AllofthebasicChinesecharactersaresimple-componentcharacters,suchas"人","口","目","山","火","手","刀","马","牛","日","月","羊".Themulti-componentcharactersconsistormorecomponents,suchas"爸","妈","你","们","朋".Theorderofwritingcomponentsinacharacterissimilartothestrokeorderofwritingacharacter.Therearethreebasictypesofconfigurationformulti-componentcharacters.ThebasicruleofChinesecharactersstrokeorderis:2、Theorderofstrokesofcharacter（汉字的笔顺）3、Theformationofcharacter（汉字的造字法）TheformationofcharacterreferstothemethodtocreatetheChinesecharacters.Generallyspeaking,AncientChinesemethodofcreationtherearefourcategories:pictographs(shape),self-explanatory(mean),semasiography(knowing),andPictophonetic.ThecurrentcomparedwiththeancientChinesecharacters,andtherearesomespecialcases.RénpeopleKǒumouthmùeyemountainshānsunfirerìhuǒgoatswordyángdāoHieroglyphicCharacters（象形），thiscreationmethodisclosertothepicture,butcomplexthings,abstractconceptcan'tpictograph,sorelyonpictographcancreateveryfewcharacters,butitisthebasisoftheformationofChinesecharacters.Thewaytoformacharacterusingsymbolstoindicatethecharacter'smeaningiscalled"Self-explanatoryCharacters（指事）".Therearetwotypesofindication:oneispurelysymbolic,e.g.shorterhorizontaloveralongermeans"上（up）",andtheoppositemeans"下（down）";theothertypeistoaddasymboltohieroglyphiccharacter,e.g.e.g.addinga"一"to"木",ifupmeanstheendofatree(末)，ifdownmeanstherootofatree(本).Here,the"一"isnotthenumeric.Forinstance,aknife(刀)withanadditionaldotindicateswherethebladeis.Theleftandrightin"人"indicatesarmpits.Thedotshereareallindicationsymbol.CharactersformedwithtwoormoreindependentcharacterstoindicateanewmeaningarecalledAssociativeCharacters（会意）.Forinstance,"人”（or”亻”）leaningagainst"木（tree）"means"休（torest）";twofootprintsbywater”水”（or”氵”）means“涉（towade）”；thecombinationof"鸟（bird）"and"口(mouth,beak)"means"鸣（chirp）"；“宀”（house）with"火（fire）"insidemeans"灾（disaster）";"人”（or”亻”）witha“戈”means“伐”—tochop;amanlyinginbedinahouse“宿”means"toliveat".演讲结速，谢谢观赏！Thankyou. 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