2014年12月大学英语六级考试真题（二）

2014年12月大学英语六级考试真题(二）2014年12月大学英语六级考试真题(二）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthendiscusswhetherthereisashortcuttolearning.Youshouldgivesoundargumentstosupportyourviewsandwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.“‘HowToDoWellInSchoolWithoutStudying’isoverthereinthefictionsection.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause，youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA)9B)9C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.A)Inaparkinglot.C)Atafastfoodrestaurant.B)Atagrocery.D)Inacarshowroom.2.A)Changeherpositionnowandthen.C)Havealittlenapafterlunch.B)Stretchherlegsbeforestandingup.D)Getupandtakeashortwalk.3.A)Thestudentsshouldpracticelong-distancerunning.B)Thestudents’physicalconditionisnotdesirable.C)Hedoesn’tquitebelievewhatthewomansays.D)Hethinkstheraceistoohardforthestudents.4.A)Theywillgettheirdegreesintwoyears.B)Theyarebothpursuinggraduatestudies.C)Theycannotaffordtogetmarriedrightnow.D)Theydonotwanttohaveababyatpresent.5.A)HemusthavebeenmistakenforJack.C)Jackiscertainlynotashealthyasheis.B)Twinsusuallyhavealotincommon.D)HehasnotseenJackforquiteafewdays.6.A)Thewomanwillattendtheopeningofthemuseum.B)Thewomanisaskingthewayatthecrossroads.C)Themanknowswherethemuseumislocated.D)Themanwilltakethewomantothemuseum.7.A)Theycannotasktheguytoleave.C)Theguymustbefeelingextremelylonely.B)Theguyhasbeencominginforyears.D)Theyshouldnotlookdownupontheguy.12014年12月大学英语六级考试真题(二）8.A)Collecttimepieces.C)Learntomendclocks.B)Becometime-conscious.D)Keeptrackofhisdailyactivities.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)Itiseatingintoitsbanks.C)Itiswideanddeep.B)Itwindsitswaytothesea.D)Itisquicklyrising.10.A)Trytospeeduptheoperationbyanymeans.B)Taketheequipmentapartbeforebeingferried.C)Reducethetransportcostasmuchaspossible.D)Getthetrucksovertotheothersideoftheriver.11.A)Findasmanyboatsaspossible.C)Halttheoperationuntilfurtherorders.B)Cuttreesandbuildrowingboats.D)Askthecommandertosendahelicopter.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Talkabouthisclimbingexperiences.C)Giveupmountainclimbingaltogether.B)HelphimjoinanIndianexpedition.D)Savemoneytobuyclimbingequipment.13.A)HewasthefirsttoconquerMt.Qomolangma.B)Hehadanunusualreligiousbackground.C)Heclimbedmountainstoearnaliving.D)Hewasverystrictwithhischildren.14.A)Theyaretobeconquered.C)Theyaresacredplaces.B)Theyaretobeprotected.D)Theyarelikehumans.15.A)Itwashisfather’strainingthatpulledhimthrough.B)Itwasamilestoneinhismountainclimbingcareer.C)IthelpedhimunderstandtheSherpaviewofmountains.D)Itwashisfatherwhogavehimthestrengthtosucceed.SectionBDirections：Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答6PassageOneQuestions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Byshowingamemorandum’sstructure.B)Byanalyzingtheorganizationofaletter.C)Bycomparingmemorandumswithletters.D)Byreviewingwhathehassaidpreviously.17.A)Theyignoredmanyofthememorandumstheyreceived.B)Theyplacedemphasisontheformatofmemorandums.C)Theyseldomreadamemorandumthroughtotheend.D)Theyspentalotoftimewritingmemorandums.18.A)Styleandwording.C)Structureandlength.B)Directnessandclarity.D)Simplicityandaccuracy.19.A)Inclusionofappropriatehumor.C)Professionallook.B)Directstatementofpurpose.D)Accuratedating.PassageTwoQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.20.A)Theygivetopprioritytotheirworkefficiency.B)Theymakeanefforttolightentheirworkload.22014年12月大学英语六级考试真题(二）C)Theytryhardtomakethebestuseoftheirtime.D)Theyneverchangeworkhabitsunlessforcedto.21.A)Senseofduty.C)Workefficiency.B)Self-confidence.D)Passionforwork.22.A)Theyfindnopleasureintheworktheydo.B)Theytrytoavoidworkwheneverpossible.C)Theyareaddictedtoplayingonlinegames.D)Theysimplyhavenosenseofresponsibility.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A)Helostallhisproperty.C)Heranawayfromhisfamily.B)Hewassoldtoacircus.D)Hewasforcedintoslavery.24.A)Acarpenter.C)Abusinessman.B)Amasterofhis.D)Ablackdrummer.25.A)ItnameditstownhallafterSolomonNorthup.B)Itfreedallblacksinthetownfromslavery.C)ItdeclaredJuly24SolomonNorthupDay.D)IthostedareunionfortheNorthupfamily.SectionCDirections：Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Intoleranceistheartofignoringanyviewsthatdifferfromyourown.It26itselfinhatred,stereotypes,prejudice,and27Onceitintensifiesinpeople,intoleranceisnearlyimpossibletoovercome.Butwhywouldanyonewanttobelabeledintolerant?Whywouldpeoplewanttobe28abouttheworldaroundthem?WhywouldonewanttobepartoftheprobleminAmerica,insteadofthesolution?Therearemanyexplanationsforintolerantattitudes,some29childhood.Itislikelythatintolerantfolksgrewup30intolerantparentsandthecycleofprejudicehassimplycontinuedfor31.Perhapsintolerantpeoplearesosetintheirwaysthattheyfinditeasiertoignoreanythingthatmightnot32theirlimitedviewoflife.Ormaybeintolerantstudentshavesimplyneverbeen33toanyonedifferentfromthemselves.Butnoneofthesereasonsisanexcuseforallowingtheintolerancetocontinue.Intoleranceshouldnotbeconfusedwithdisagreement.Itis,ofcourse,possibletodisagreewithanopinionwithoutbeingintolerantofit/Ifyouunderstandabeliefbutstilldon’tbelieveinthatspecificbelief,that’sfine.Youare34youropinion.Asamatteroffact,35dissenters(持异议者)areimportantforanybelief.Ifweallbelievedthesamethings,wewouldnevergrow?andwewouldneverlearnabouttheworldaroundus.Intolerancedoesnotstemfromdisagreement.Itstemsfromfear.Andfearstemsfromignorance.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection9thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.HisfuturesubjectshavenotalwaystreatedthePrinceofWaleswiththerespectonemightexpect.Theylaughedaloudin1986whentheheirtotheBritish36toldaTVreporterthathetalkedtohisplantsathiscountryhouse,Highgrove,tostimulate32014年12月大学英语六级考试真题(二）theirgrowth.ThePrincewasbeinghumorous—“Mysenseofhumorwillgetmeintotroubleoneday,“hesaidtohisaids（随从）—butlisteningtoCharlesWindsorcanindeedprovestimulating.Theroyal37hasbeenpromotingradicalideasformostofhisadultlife.Someofhis38，whichoncesoundedabitweird,weresimplyaheadoftheirtime.Now,finally,theworldseemstobecatchingupwithhim.Takehisviewsonfarming.PrinceCharles’DuchyHomeFarmwent39backin1986,whenmostshopperscaredonlyaboutthelowpricetagonsuspiciouslyblemish-free(无瑕戚的）vegetablesand40largechickenspiledhighinsupermarkets.Hiswarningsonclimatechangeprovedfarsighted,too.Charlesbegan41actiononglobalwarmingin1990andsayshehasbeenworriedaboutthe42ofmanontheenvironmentsincehewasateenager.Althoughhehasgraduallygainedinternational43asoneoftheworld’sleadingconservationists,manyBritishpeoplestillthinkofhimasan44personwhotalkstoplants.Thisyear,asithappens,SouthKoreanscientistsprovedthatplantsreallydo45tosound.SoCharleswasaheadofthegamethere,too.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)conformF)notionsK)subordinateB)eccentricG)organicL)suppressingC)environmentalistH)originallyM)throneD)expeditionsI)recognitionN)unnaturallyE)impactJ)respondO)urgingSectionBDirections：Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HighSchoolSportsAren’tKillingAcademicsA)InthismonthsAtlanticcoverarticle,“TheCaseAgainstHigh-SchoolSports,”AmandaRipleyarguesthatschool-sponsoredsportsprogramsshouldbeseriouslycut.Shewritesthat,unlikemostcountriesthatoutperformtheUnitedStatesoninternationalassessments,Americanschoolsputtoomuchofanemphasisonathletics.“SportsareembeddedinAmericanschoolsinawaytheyarenotalmostanywhereelse，”shewrites.“YetthisdifferencehardlyevercomesupindomesticdebatesaboutAmerica’sinternationalmediocrity(平庸)ineducation.”B)Americanstudent-athletesreapmanybenefitsfromparticipatinginsports,butthecoststotheschoolscouldoutweightheirbenefits,sheargues.Inparticular,Ripleycontendsthatsportscrowdouttheacademicmissionsofschools：AmericashouldlearnfromSouthKoreaandFinlandandeveryothercountryatthetoplevelofinternationaltestscores,allofwhomemphasizeathleticsfarlessinschool.“Evenineighthgrade,AmericankidsspendmorethantwicethetimeKoreankidsspendplayingsports，”shewrites,citinga2010studypublishedintheJournalofAdvancedAcademics.C)ItmightwellbetruethatsportsarefarmorerootedinAmericanhighschoolsthaninothercountries.Butourreadingofinternationaltestscoresfindsnosupportfortheargumentagainstschoolathletics.Indeed,ourownresearchandthatofothersleadustomaketheoppositecase.School-sponsoredsportsappeartoprovidebenefitsthatseemtoincrease,notdetract(减少)from,academicsuccess.D)Ripleyindulgesapopularobsession(痴迷)withinternationaltestscorecomparisons,whichshowwideandfrighteninggapsbetweentheUnitedStatesandothercountries.Sheignores,however,thefactthatstatesvaryatleastasmuchintestscoresasdodevelopedcountries.A2011reportfromHarvardUniversityshowsthatMassachusettsproducesmathscorescomparabletoSouthKoreaandFinland,whileMississippiscoresareclosertoTrinidadandTobago.Ripley’sthesisaboutsportsfallsapartinlightofthisfact.SchoolsinMassachusettsprovidesportsprogramswhileschoolsinFinlanddonot.SchoolsinMississippimaylovefootballwhileinTobagointerscholasticsportsarenowherenearasprominent.Sportscannotexplain42014年12月大学英语六级考试真题(二）thesesimilaritiesinperformance.Theycan’texplaininternationaldifferenceseither.E)IfitistruethatsportsunderminetheacademicmissionofAmericanschools,wewouldexpecttoseeanegativerelationshipbetweenthecommitmenttoathleticsandacademicachievement.However,theUniversityofArkansas’sDanielBowenandJayGreeneactuallyfindtheopposite.Theyexaminethisrelationshipbyanalyzingschools’sportswinningpercentagesaswellasstudent-athleticparticipationratescomparedtograduationratesandstandardizedtestscoreachievementoverafive-yearperiodforallpublichighschoolsinOhio.Controllingforstudentpovertylevels,demographics(人口统计4大况），anddistrictfinancialresources,bothmeasuresofaschool’scommitmenttoathleticsaresignificantlyandpositivelyrelatedtolowerdropoutratesaswellashighertestscores.F)On-the-fieldsuccessandhighparticipationinsportsisnotrandom—itrequiresfocusanddedicationtoathletics.Onemightthinkthiswouldleadschoolsobsessedwithwinningtodeemphasizeacademics.BowenandGreene’sresultscontradictthatargument.Alikelyexplanationforthisseeminglycounterintuitive(与直觉相反的）resultisthatsuccessinsportsprogramsactuallyfacilitatesorrejectsgreatersocialcapitalwithinaschool’scommunity.G)RipleycitesthewritingsofrenownedsociologistJamesColeman,whoseresearchineducationwasgroundbreaking.Colemaninhisearlyworkheldathleticsincontempt,arguingthattheycrowdedoutschools’academicmissions.Ripleyquoteshis1961study,TheAdolescentSociety,whereColemanwrites,“Altogether,thetrophy（奖品）casewouldsuggesttotheinnocentvisitorthathewasenteringanathleticclub,notaneducationalinstitution.H)However,inlaterresearchColemanwouldshowhowthesuccessofschoolsishighlydependentonwhathetermedsocialcapital,“thenorms,thesocialnetworks,andtherelationshipsbetweenadultsandchildrenthatareofvalueforthechild’sgrowingup.”I)Accordingtoa2013evaluationconductedbytheCrimeLabattheUniversityofChicago,aprogramcalledBecomingaMari—SportsEditioncreateslastingimprovementsintheboys’studyhabitsandgradepointaverages.Duringthefirstyearoftheprogram,studentswerefoundtobelesslikelytotransferschoolsorbeengagedinviolentcrime.Ayearaftertheprogram,participantswerelesslikelytohavehadanencounterwiththejuvenilejusticesystem.J)Ifschool-sponsoredsportswerecompletelyeliminatedtomorrow,manyAmericanstudentswouldstillhaveopportunitiestoparticipateinorganizedathleticselsewhere,muchliketheydoincountriessuchasFinland,Germany,andSouthKorea.Thesameisnotcertainwhenitcomestostudentsfrommoredisadvantagedbackgrounds.Inanoverviewoftheresearchonnon-schoolbasedafter-schoolprograms,researchersfindthatdisadvantagedchildrenparticipateintheseprogramsatsignificantlylowerrates.Theyfindthatlow-incomestudentshavelessaccessduetochallengeswithregardtotransportation,non-nominalfees,andoff-campussafety.Therefore,reducingoreliminatingtheseopportunitieswouldmostlikelydeprivedisadvantagedstudentsofthebenefitsfromathleticparticipation,notleastofwhichistheopportunitytointeractwithpositiverolemodelsoutsideofregularschoolhours.K)AnotherunfoundedcriticismthatRipleymakesisbringingupthestereotypethatathleticcoachesaretypicallylousy(蹩脚的）classroomteachers.“Americanprincipals,unlikethevastmajorityofprincipalsaroundtheworld,makemanyhiringdecisionswiththeirsportsteamsinmind,whichdoesnotalwaysendwellforstudents.”shewrites.Educatorswhoseekemploymentatschoolsprimarilyforthepurposeofcoachingarelikelytoshirk(推卸)teachingresponsibilities,theargumentgoes.Moreover,eveninthecaseswheretheemployeeisateacherfirstandathleticcoachsecond,theadditionalresponsibilitiesthatcomewithcoachinglikelycomeattheexpenseoftimeotherwisespentonplanning,grading,andcommunicatingwithparentsandguardians.L)Thedata,however,donotseemtoconfirmthisstereotype.Inthemostrigorousstudyontheclassroomresultsofhighschoolcoaches,theUniversityofArkansas’sAnnaEgalitefindsthatathleticcoachesinFloridamostlytendtoperformjustaswellastheirnon-coachingcounterparts,withrespecttoraisingstudenttestscores.Wedonotdoubtthatteacherswhoalsocoachfaceserioustradeoffsthatlikelycomeattheexpenseoftimetheycoulddedicatetotheiracademicobligations.However,aswithsportingevents,athleticcoachesgainadditionalopportunitiesforcommunicatingandservingasmentors(导师）thatpotentiallyhelpstudentssucceedandmakeupforthecostsofcoachingcommitments.M)Ifschoolsallowstudent-athletestoregularlymissoutoninstructionaltimeforthesakeoftravelingtoathleticcompetitions,that’sbad.However,suchissueswouldbebetteraddressedbychangingschoolandstatepolicieswithregardtotheschedulingofsportingeventsasopposedtototalelimination.Iftheempiricalevidencepointstoanything,itpointstowards52014年12月大学英语六级考试真题(二）school-sponsoredsportsprovidingassetsthatarewellworththecosts.N)DespitenegativestereotypesaboutsportscultureandRipley’spresumptionthatacademicsandathleticsareatoddswithoneanother,webelievethatthegreaterbodyofevidenceshowsthatschool-sponsoredsportsprogramsappeartobenefitstudents.Successesontheplayingfieldcancarryovertotheclassroomandviceversa(反之亦然）.Moreimportantly,findingwaystoincreaseschoolcommunities’socialcapitalisimperativetothesuccessoftheschoolasawhole,notjusttheathletes.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Studentsfromlow-incomefamilieshavelessaccesstooff-campussportsprograms.47.AmandaRipleyarguesthatAmericashouldlearnfromothercountriesthatrankhighininternationaltestsandlaylessemphasisonathletics.48.Accordingtotheauthor,AmandaRipleyfailstonotethatstudents’performanceinexamsvariesfromstatetostate.49.AmandaRipleythinksthatathleticcoachesarepooratclassroominstruction.50.JamesColeman’slaterresearchmakesanargumentforaschool’ssocialcapital.51.Researchersfindthatthereisapositiverelationshipbetweenaschool’scommitmenttoathleticsandacademicachievements.52.Arigorousstudyfindsthatathleticcoachesalsodowellinraisingstudents’testscores.53.Accordingtoanevaluation,sportsprogramscontributetostudents’academicperformanceandcharacterbuilding.54.AmandaRipleybelievestheemphasisonschoolsportsshouldbebroughtupwhentryingtounderstandwhyAmericanstudentsaremediocre.55.JamesColemansuggestsinhisearlierwritingsthatschoolathleticswouldundermineaschool’simage.SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection•Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itiseasytomissamidtheday-to-dayheadlinesofglobaleconomicrecession,butthereisalessconspicuouskindofsocialupheaval(剧变)underwaythatisfastalteringboththefaceoftheplanetandthewayhumanbeingslive.Thatchangeistherapidaccelerationofurbanization.In2008,forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,morethanhalftheworld’spopulationwaslivingintownsandcities.Andasarecentlypublishedpapershows,theprocessofurbanizationwillonlyaccelerateinthedecadestocome-withanenormousimpactonbiodiversityandpotentiallyonclimatechange.AsKarenSeto,theleadauthorofthepaper,pointsout,thewaveofurbanizationisn’tjustaboutthemigrationofpeopleintourbanenvironments,butabouttheenvironmentsthemselvesbecomingbiggertoaccommodateallthosepeople.Therapidexpansionofurbanareaswillhaveahugeimpactonbiodiversityhotspotsandoncarbonemissionsinthoseurbanareas.Humansaretheultimateinvasivespecies—whentheymoveintonewterritory,theyoftendisplacethewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere.Andaslandisclearedforthosenewcities—especiallyinthedensetropicalforests—carbonwillbereleasedintotheatmosphereaswell.It’struethataspeopleindevelopingnationsmovefromthecountrysidetothecity,theshiftmayreducethepressureonland,whichcouldinturnbegoodfortheenvironment.Thisisespeciallysoindesperatelypoorcountries,whereresidentsinthecountrysideslashandburnforestseachgrowingseasontoclearspaceforfarming.Buttherealdifferenceisthatindevelopingnations,themovefromruralareastocitiesoftenleadstoanaccompanyingincreaseinincome—andthatincreaseleadstoanincreaseintheconsumptionoffoodandenergy,whichinturncausesariseincarbonemissions.Gettingenoughtoeatandenjoyingthesafetyandcomfortoflivingfullyonthegridiscertainlyagoodthing—butitdoescarryanenvironmentalprice.Theurbanizationwavecan’tbestopped—anditshouldn’tbe.ButSeto’spaperdoesunderscoretheimportanceofmanagingthattransition.Ifwedoittherightway,wecanreduceurbanization’simpactontheenvironment.“There’sanenormousopportunityhere,andalotofpressureandresponsibilitytothinkabouthowweurbanize,”saysSeto.“Onethingthat’sclearisthatwecan’tbuildcitiesthewaywehaveoverthelastcoupleofhundredyears.Thescaleofthistransitionwon’tallowthat.”We’reheadedtowardsanurbanplanetnomatterwhat,butwhetheritbecomesheavenorhellisuptous.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。62014年12月大学英语六级考试真题(二）56.Whatissuedoestheauthortrytodrawpeopledattentionto?A)Theshrinkingbiodiversityworldwide.B)Therapidincreaseofworldpopulation.C)Theongoingglobaleconomicrecession.D)Theimpactofacceleratingurbanization.57.Inwhatsensearehumanstheultimateinvasivespecies?A)Theyaremuchgreedierthanotherspecies.B)Theyareauniquespeciesborntoconquer.C)Theyforceotherspeciesoutoftheirterritories.D)Theyhaveanurgetoexpandtheirlivingspace.58.Inwhatwayisurbanizationinpoorcountriesgoodfortheenvironment?A)Morelandwillbepreservedforwildlife.B)Thepressureonfarmlandwillbelessened.C)Carbonemissionswillbeconsiderablyreduced.D)Naturalresourceswillbeusedmoreeffectively.59.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutlivingcomfortablyinthecity?A)Itincursahighenvironmentalprice.B)Itbringspovertyandinsecuritytoanend.C)Itcausesabigchangeinpeople’slifestyle.D)Itnarrowsthegapbetweencityandcountry.60.WhatcanbedonetominimizethenegativeimpactofurbanizationaccordingtoSeto?A)Slowingdownthespeedoftransition.B)Innovativeuseofadvancedtechnology.C)Appropriatemanagementoftheprocess.D)Enhancingpeople’ssenseofresponsibility.PassageTwoQuestions61to