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Designation: D2513 − 13 An American National Standard Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2513; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. Scope* 1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for material dimensions and tolerances, hydrostatic burst strength, chemical resistance, and rapid crack resistance of polyethylene pipe, tubing, and fittings for use in fuel gas mains and services for direct burial and reliner applications. The pipe and fittings covered by this specification are intended for use in the distribution of natural gas. Requirements for the qualifying of polyethylene systems for use with liquefied petroleum gas are also covered. 1.1.1 This specification does not cover threaded pipe. De- sign considerations are discussed in Appendix X1. In-plant quality control programs are specified in Annex A1 and Annex A2. 1.1.2 See Specification F2619/F2619M for polyethylene piping for pressure or non-pressure oil and gas producing applications to convey fluids such as oil, dry or wet gas, multiphase fluids, and non-potable oilfield water. 1.2 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 The following is an index of the annexes and appendix in this specification: Annex Subject Annex A1 In-Plant Quality Control for all materials up to 12 in. Annex A2 In-Plant Quality Control for PE materials 14 in. and larger. Appendixes Subject Appendix X1 Design Consideration 1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita- tions prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:2 2.1.1 Terminology: D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plas- tics F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems 2.1.2 Test Methods for: D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics D1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer D1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure D1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydraulic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther- moplastic Pipe and Fittings D2290 Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength of Plastic or Reinforced Plastic Pipe D2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure Design Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Products F1473 Test Method for Notch Tensile Test to Measure the Resistance to Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipes and Resins 2.1.3 Practices for: D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing D1435 Practice for Outdoor Weathering of Plastics D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)3 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.60 on Gas. Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2513 – 12aε1. DOI: 10.1520/D2513-13. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States 1 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 15 18:09:27 EST 2013 Downloaded/printed by Wayne State University pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized. D2774 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplas- tic Pressure Piping D2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In- tended for Outdoor Applications F2620 Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings G155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials 2.1.4 Specification for: D2683 Specification for Socket-Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter-Controlled Polyethylene Pipe and Tubing D3261 Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe and Tubing D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit- tings Materials F1055 Specification for Electrofusion Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyethylene and Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe and Tubing F1563 Specification for Tools to Squeeze-off Polyethylene (PE) Gas Pipe or Tubing F2138 Specification for Excess Flow Valves for Natural Gas Service F2619/F2619M Specification for High-Density Polyethylene (PE) Line Pipe F2897 Specification for Tracking and Traceability Encoding System of Natural Gas Distribution Components (Pipe, Tubing, Fittings, Valves, and Appurtenances) 2.2 ANSI Standards: B 16.40 Manually Operated Thermoplastic Gas Shutoffs and Valves in Gas Distribution Systems4 B 31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems4 2.3 Federal Specifications: Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)5 OPS 49 CFR Part 192 Title 49, Code of Federal Regula- tions5 2.4 Military Standards: MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage5 MIL-STD-1235 (ORD) Single- and Multi-Level Continuous Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attri- butes 2.5 ISO Standards6: ISO 4437 Buried polyethylene (PE) pipes for the supply of gaseous fuels-Metric series-Specifications ISO 9080 Thermoplastics Pipes for the Transport of Fluids—Methods of Extrapolation of Hydrostatic Stress Rupture Data to Determine Long-Term Hydrostatic Strength of Thermoplastic Pipe Materials ISO 12162 Thermoplastic Materials for Pipes and Fittings for Pressure Applications—Classification and Designation—Overall Service (Design) Coefficient ISO 13477 Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids – Determination of resistance to rapid crack propa- gation (RCP) – Small scale steady-state test (S4 test) ISO 13478 Thermoplastics pipe for the conveyance of fluids – Determination of resistance to rapid crack propagation (RCP) – Full-scale test (FST) 2.6 Plastic Pipe Institute7 PPI TR-3 HDB/HDS /PDB/ SDB/MRS Policies PPI TR-4 HDB/HDS/SDB/PDB/MRS Listed Materials PPI TR-33 Generic Butt Fusion Joining for Polyethylene Gas Pipe PPI TR-41 Generic Saddle Fusion Joining Procedure for Polyethylene Gas Piping7 PPI TN-30/2006 Requirements for the Use of Rework Ma- terials in Polyethylene Gas Pipe7 PPI TR-9 Recommended Design Factors and Design Coef- ficients for Thermoplastic Pressure pipe 2.7 Other Documents:8 National Fire Protection Association: NFPA 58 Storage and Handling Liquefied Petroleum Gases 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi- nology F412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi- nology D1600, unless otherwise specified. 3.2 The gas industry terminology used in this specification is in accordance with ANSI B31.8 or OPS 49 CFR Part 192, unless otherwise indicated. 3.3 The term pipe used herein refers to both pipe and tubing unless specifically stated otherwise. 3.4 re-rounding equipment—equipment used to reform the pipe and permanently reduce ovality to 5 % or less. 3.5 rounding equipment—equipment, devices, clamps, and so forth, used to temporarily hold the pipe round while out-of-roundness measurements are made, or a joining proce- dure (heat fusion, electrofusion, or mechanical) is performed. 3.6 pipe material designated code—the pipe material des- ignation code shall consist of the abbreviation for the type of plastic (PE) followed by Arabic numerals which describe the short term properties in accordance with applicable Specifica- tion D3350, the hydrostatic design stress for water at 73.4°F (23°C) in units of 100 psi with any decimal figures dropped. Where the hydrostatic design stress code contains less than two figures, a zero is used before the number. Thus, a complete material designation code shall consist of PE and four figures for PE materials. For example, PE2708 is a grade PE27 polyethylene with an 800psi design stress for water at 73.4°F (23°C). The hydrostatic design stresses for gas are not used in this designation code. 4 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. 5 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:// www.dodssp.daps.mil. 6 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:// www.iso.ch. 7 Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825, Irving, TX 75062, http://www.plasticpipe.org. 8 Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org. D2513 − 13 2 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 15 18:09:27 EST 2013 Downloaded/printed by Wayne State University pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized. 3.7 dimension ratio (DR)—the ratio of pipe diameter to wall thickness. It is calculated by dividing the specified outside diameter of the pipe, in inches (mm), by the minimum specified wall thickness, in inches (mm). The standard dimension ratio (SDR) is a common numbering system which is derived from the ANSI preferred number series R 10. 3.8 toe-in—a small reduction of the outside diameter at the cut end of a length of thermoplastic pipe. 4. Materials 4.1 General—The PE used to make pipe and fittings shall be PE or reworked PE (see 4.2 and 4.4) and shall have a Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) long-term hydrostatic design stress and hydrostatic design basis rating. 4.2 Rework Material—Clean rework material of the same commercial designation, generated from the manufacturer’s own pipe and fitting production shall not be used unless the pipe and fitting produced meet all the requirements of this specification. The use of these rework materials shall be governed by the requirements of 4.3 and PPI TN-30/2006. In pipe, rework materials shall be limited to a maximum of 30 % by weight. NOTE 1—The requirements for rework materials herein are intended to incorporate prudent specifications to ensure that the potential for contami- nation in gas piping products, that meet this specification, is reduced to the extent possible. It is imperative to emphasize that rework materials have not been identified as the cause of any field failures. The requirements for rework materials were developed by the consensus of interested parties including product manufacturers, gas utility companies, and regulatory agencies. 4.3 Documentation—A documentation system to allow for traceability of raw materials including percentage and material classification (or designation, if applicable) of rework materials used in the manufacture of the pipe product meeting the requirements of this specification shall exist and be supplied to the purchaser, if requested. 4.4 Classification—Polyethylene materials suitable for use in the manufacture of pipe and fittings under this specification shall meet Table 1 requirements for the applicable pipe material designation code. NOTE 2—References and material descriptions for PE 2306, PE 2406, PE 2606, PE 3306, PE 3406, PE 3408, PE 3608, PE 3710, and PE 4608 have been removed from D2513. Elimination of these materials does not affect the pipelines that are in service. They can still be used for gas distribution. The main reason for removing these materials from this standard is to reflect the current state of the art in PE gas distribution piping. 4.5 Slow Crack Growth Resistance—Use Test Method F1473 on compression molded plaques at a stress of 2.4 MPa based on the unnotched area and a test temperature of 80°C. Notch depth shall be in accordance with Table 1 in Test Method F1473. Materials shall meet the Slow Crack Growth Resistance requirements in Table 1. 4.6 Additive Classes—Polyethylene material compounds shall meet Specification D3350 code C or E. Code C material compounds shall have 2 to 3 percent carbon black. Code E material compounds shall be yellow with UV stabilizer. 4.7 Thermal Stability—The PE material shall contain suffi- cient antioxidant so that the minimum induction temperature shall be 428°F (220°C) when tested in accordance with Specification D3350. The sample shall be representative of the cross section of the pipe or fittings. 4.8 Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB) Substantiation —The HDB for PE materials at 73°F (23°C) shall be substantiated to be linear to 50 years as per Test Method D2837, Section 5.7. NOTE 3—The long-term hydrostatic strength at 50 years in accordance with Test Method D2837 is not to be used for any pressure rating calculations. The MAOP is still calculated using the HDB obtained from Test Method D2837 long-term hydrostatic strength at 100 000 h. PE compounds with a thermoplastic pipe material designation code of PE 2708 and PE 4710 as well as those compounds denoted in PPI TR-4 with an asterisk (*) meet the substantiation requirement of Test Method D2837. 4.9 Resistance to Rapid Crack Propagation (RCP) for Material —The PE material classification (formulation) used in the manufacture of pipe and fittings under this specification shall be tested for resistance to failure by RCP in accordance with the procedures set forth in ISO 13477 (S4 Test) or ISO 13478 (Full Scale Test (FST)). The data obtained shall be made available upon request without limitations on disclosure, and shall not subsequently be subject to disclosure limitations when used by others. The values obtained are applicable to all pipes with the wall thickness of the pipe tested and all thinner wall pipes. In case of conflict, the RCP results of ISO 13478 shall apply. NOTE 4—While S4 or FST testing of any combination of outside diameter and SDR is permitted in fulfillment of the requirement for testing TABLE 1 Polyethylene Compound Requirements Pipe Material Designation Code PE 2708 PE 4710 Density Cell Classification per Specification D3350 2 4 SCG Resistance Cell Classification per Specification D3350 7 7 HDS for water at 73°F (23°C) per Test Method D2837 and PPI TR-3, psi (MPa) 800 (5.5) 1000 (6.9) Color and UV Stabilizer Code per Speciif- cation D3350 C or E C or E Melt flow rate per Test Method D1238, g/10 min #0.40 Cond. 190/2.16 or #20 Cond. 190/21.6 #0.15 Cond. 190/2.16 or #20 Cond. 190/21.6 HDB at 73ºF (23ºC) per Test Method D2837 and PPI TR-3, psi (MPa) 1250 (8.6) 1600 (11.0) Minimum HDB at 140ºF (60ºC) per Test Method D2837 and PPI TR-3, psi (MPa) 800 (5.5) 800 (5.5) D2513 − 13 3 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Fri Nov 15 18:09:27 EST 2013 Downloaded/printed by Wayne State University pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized. PE material resistance to RCP, S4 testing of SDR 9 or SDR 11 PE pipe specimens is currently the most common industry practice. NOTE 5—Caution should be exercised in applying the RCP test results obtained on one SDR or DR of pipe across a series of pipe SDR’s or DR’s produced from the same PE material classification (formulation). Indus- trial research to clarify the relationships between FST and S4 testing is ongoing at this time, particularly as it relates to the applicability of RCP test results obtained on one SDR or DR of pipe to other SDR’s or DR’s of pipe produced from the same PE material classification (formulation). Consult the resin manufacturer regarding the applicability of RCP test results across diameters or SDR’s, or both. Additional information regarding the use of RCP data is presented in ISO 4437. 4.10 UV Resistance—PE materials shall be Code C or E as defined in Specification D3350. Code C material shall contain 2 to 3 percent well dispersed carbon black, and due to the absorptive properties of the carbon black, is considered to be stabilized against deterioration from unprotected exposure to UV for not less than 10 years. Code E material shall be stabilized and protected against deterioration from unprotected UV exposure for not less than 3 years. 4.10.1 PE compounds designated as Code C containing 2 to 3% carbon black shall be considered stabilized against dete- rioration for not less than 10 years without the need for additional testing. 4.10.2 PE compounds designated as Code E shall be con- sidered stabilized against deterioration from unprotected expo- sure to UV for not less than 3 years when meeting the following criteria following exposure to actual outdoor (natural sunlight) weathering for up to 3 years in accordance with Practice D1435 or accelerated weathering in accordance with Practice D2565 and Practice G155 for the equivalent of at least 3 years natural sunlight: (a) all tensile bar specimens tested in accordance with Test Method D638 shall have an elongation at break value greater than 400% indicating the equivalency of the PE material before and after UV exposure against the elongation at break requirement in Specification D3350; and (b) all tensile bar specimens tested in accordance with Test Method D638 shall retain a minimum of 50% of their original elongation at break values. Test data shall be made available from the manufacturer upon request. NOTE 6—Studies have shown HDPE exposed to Xenon Arc via Practice G155-A Cycle 1 give approximately 4.4 times the acceleration to outdoor Florida exposure. Therefore approximately 2000 hours Xenon Arc testing would equal about 1-year outdoor exposure in Florida or 2-years in southern Canada. NOTE 7—The determination for UV resistance is often based on measuring the ductility properties of the pipe material exposed to artificial weathering. These requirements and test methods are based on expected UV exposure levels in North America. Alternate requirements and alternate determination methods may be appropriate in other regions of the world. As an example ISO 4437 standard requires a minimum resistance to an accumulation of 3.6GJ for non-black polyethylene materials. 4.11 Qualification for LPG Service—Materials that qualify for natural gas service and that carry a recommended HDB for 140°F in accordance with 5.6, also qualify for LPG service without the need for further testing. NOTE 8—The terms LPG and LPG gas are synonymous and only apply to a particular kind of fuel gas. For compositions and properties of LPG gases see NFPA 58, Appendix B. 5. Requirements 5.1 General—Pipe shall