Essentialoil(volatileoil)ⅡTheconstitutionofessentialoils1.terpenoidsmonoterpenoids,sesquiterpenoidsandtheiroxygen-containingderivatives.mentholcitral2.aromaticcompoundscinnamaldehydexanthoxylin3.aliphaticcompoundsCH3－（CH2）7－CH2OH正壬醇4.othercompoundsCH2=CH-CH2-N=C=S异硫氰酸烯丙酯Ⅲproperties1.Descriptioncolorlessoryellowishtransparentliquidatroomtemperature,strongspecificodour.2.volatilityvolatileatroomtemperature,notrace.3.solubilityessentialoilcan’tdissolveinH2O,easilydissolveinorganicsolvent,p.e.,Et2O,CS2,candissolveinhighconcentrationEtOHcompletely,dissolveinlowconcentrationEtOHpartly.4.physicalconstantrelativedensity:0.85-1.065opticalactivity:specificrotation(比旋度）:+97°~117°.Refractiveindex（折光率）:1.43~1.61Boilingpoint:70℃~300℃.5.stabilitycontactingwithairorlightleadtooxidationanddegeneracy,sothevolatileoilsshouldbestoredinbrownbottleairtightlyandinlowtemperature.ⅣExtractionandisolation1.Extraction1.1steamdistillation1.2extractionwithsolventsorganicsolventswithlowboilingpoint,toomuchlipophillicimpurities.1.3absorptionexpensiveoil.1.4extractionbycrushing1.5SFE-CO22.Isolation2.1freezing薄荷油析出粗脑油析出粗脑较纯薄荷脑-10℃放置12小时（第一批）（第二批）-20℃冷冻24小时加热熔融0℃冷冻Therulesofboilingpoint：1.Thenumberofcarbonatom：themore→thehigher2.Thenumberofdoublebond：themore→thehigher3.Thenumberofoxygenatom：themore→thehigher4.functionalgroup：themorepolar→thehigher－COOH>R-OH>R-CO-R~R-CHO>R-O-R2.2fractionating2.3chemicalmethod(1)basiccompounds：extractwith1%H2SO4orHCl(2)acidcompounds：extractwithNaHCO3,NaOH(3)R-OH(4)CompoundswithC=O：NaHSO3orGirardreagents挥发油/Et2O水洗，5%NaHCO3萃取酸水层乙醚层10%HCl萃取碱性成分碱水层乙醚层碱化；醚萃挥发性Alk酸化；醚萃强酸性成分萜酸、挥发性酸1～2%NaOH萃取四、挥发油成分的分离㈢化学方法碱水层乙醚层酸化；醚萃1～2%NaOH萃取碱水层乙醚层酸化；醚萃醛酮等羰基化合物乙醚层弱酸性成分酚、烯醇、内酯1.邻苯二甲酸酐2.碱液萃取30%NaHSO3萃取含中性成分四、挥发油成分的分离㈢化学方法乙醚层1.邻苯二甲酸酐2.碱液萃取碱水层乙醚层分馏或柱色谱皂化，醚萃萜醇ⅠⅡⅢ……(terpenoidacidandvolatileacid)Essentialoil/Et2OExtractwith1%-2%HClH+/H2OEt2Oalkalify,extractwithEt2Oextractwith5%NaHCO3Et2OOH-/H2OEt2OAcidify,ExtractwithEt2Oextractwith1%-2%NaOHEt2OEt2OOH-/H2OAdd30-40%NaHSO3orGirardreagentsacidify,ExtractwithEt2OEt2O(basiccompounds)(additionproduction)(compoundwithcarbonyl)(terpenoidalcohol)PptorH2OsolutionaddNaOHoracidtodecompose,extractwithEt2OEt2OEt2Oesterifywithphthalicanhydride,extractwith5%NaHCO3OillayerOH-/H2OsaponifywithNaOH,extractwithEt2OEt2OⅠⅡⅢ2.4chromatographyAgNO3silicagelorAgNO3Al2O32-25%AgNO3factorsaffectingthecomplex:(1) thenumbersofdoublebond(2) cis>trans(3)terminaldoublebond>othersitesα-asaroneβ-asaroneeduasaroneelutingwithbenzene:Et2O(5:1)elutingsequenceα-asarone,β-asarone,eduasaroneⅤidentificationofessentialoil1. Determinationofphysicalconstantsrelativedensity;specificrotation;refractiveindex.2. Determiantionofchemicalconstantsacidvalue;estervalue;saponificationvalue.3. Identificationoffunctionalgroup4. IdentificationbychromatographyTLC;GC;GC-MS.
本文档为【volatile oil】，请使用软件OFFICE或WPS软件打开。作品中的文字与图均可以修改和编辑，
图片更改请在作品中右键图片并更换，文字修改请直接点击文字进行修改，也可以新增和删除文档中的内容。
该文档来自用户分享，如有侵权行为请发邮件ishare@vip.sina.com联系网站客服，我们会及时删除。
[版权声明] 本站所有资料为用户分享产生，若发现您的权利被侵害，请联系客服邮件isharekefu@iask.cn，我们尽快处理。
本作品所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权，请谨慎使用。
网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽..)目的在于配合国家政策宣传，仅限个人学习分享使用，禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
浙公网安备 33021202002483