2021年医学免疫学人卫版题库

第一章《免疫学概论》练习 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 一、单项选取题1．免疫是指·······························································（）A、机体辨认和排除抗原性异物功能B、机体清除和杀伤自身突变细胞功能C、机体清除自身衰老、死亡组织细胞功能D、机体对病原微生物防御2．免疫对机体是····························································（）A、有害B、有利C、有利也有害D、正常条件下有利，异常条件下有害3．机体抵抗病原微生物感染功能称为········································（）A、免疫监视B、免疫自稳C、免疫耐受D、免疫防御4．机体免疫系统辨认和清除突变细胞功能称为································（）A、免疫监视B、免疫自稳C、免疫耐受D、免疫防御5．机体免疫系统对自身正常成分耐受，清除衰老、损伤细胞功能称为··············（）A、免疫监视B、免疫自稳C、免疫耐受D、免疫防御6．关于固有免疫特点，下列表述错误是·····································（）A、可遗传B、感染初期起重要作用C、无免疫记忆D、特异性7．关于固有免疫特点，下列表述错误是·····································（）A、可遗传B、感染后期及防止再感染中起重要作用C、无免疫记忆D、非特异性8．关于固有免疫特点，下列表述错误是·····································（）A、可遗传B、感染初期起重要作用C、有免疫记忆D、非特异性9．关于适应性免疫特点，下列表述错误是··································（）A、获得性B、感染初期起重要作用C、有免疫记忆D、特异性10．关于适应性免疫特点，下列表述错误是··································（）A、可遗传B、感染后期及防止再感染中起重要作用C、有免疫记忆D、特异性11．关于适应性免疫特点，下列表述错误是··································（）A、获得性B、感染后期及防止再感染中起重要作用C、无免疫记忆D、特异性12．属于固有免疫应答细胞是···············································（）A、T淋巴细胞B、B淋巴细胞C、NK细胞D、上皮细胞13．属于适应性免疫应答细胞是·············································（）A、单核-巨噬细胞B、中性粒细胞C、NK细胞D、T、B淋巴细胞二、填空题1．最早接种人痘苗防止天花国家是。2．免疫系统由、和构成。3．机体免疫应答可分为两种类型，一种称，另一种称。4．免疫系统三大功能涉及、、。5．在异常状况下，免疫防御功能异常可发生____________，免疫防御功能过低或缺如则可发生____________病，免疫自稳功能异常易发生____________病；免疫监视功能低下可发生_____________。6．固有免疫细胞通过受体辨认病原生物表达。7．固有免疫细胞有、、、等。三、名词解释免疫PAMPPRR四、简答题1．简述免疫系统三大功能及其生理体现和病理体现。2．试比较固有免疫和适应性免疫作用特点。第二章《免疫器官和组织》 练习题 用券下载整式乘法计算练习题幼小衔接专项练习题下载拼音练习题下载凑十法练习题下载幼升小练习题下载免费 一、单项选取题1．人类中枢免疫器官是····················································（）A、淋巴结和脾脏B、胸腺和骨髓C、淋巴结和胸腺D、骨髓和黏膜有关淋巴组织2．T细胞和B细胞定居场合是··············································（）A、骨髓B、外周免疫器官和组织C、中枢免疫器官D、胸腺3．下列哪种器官是最大外周免疫器官········································（）A、肝脏B、扁桃体C、肠系膜淋巴结D、脾脏4．既可来源于髓样干细胞，又可来源于淋巴样干细胞免疫细胞是（）A、单核-巨噬细胞B、中性粒细胞C、NK细胞D、树突状细胞5．淋巴结胸腺依赖区是····················································（）A、皮质区B、髓质区C、浅皮质区D、深皮质区6．脾脏胸腺依赖区是······················································（）A、红髓B、白髓C、脾小结D、PALS7．淋巴结内T细胞约占淋巴细胞比例为······································（）A、75%B、25%C、50%D、10%8．脾脏内T细胞约占淋巴细胞比例为········································（）A、60%B、40%C、50%D、20%二、填空题1．免疫系统由、、构成。2．人类中枢免疫器官涉及和，外周免疫器官涉及、、等。3．中枢免疫器官中，B细胞分化、成熟场合是，T细胞分化、成熟场合是。4．人造血干细胞重要表面标志为和。5．在骨髓人分化成熟淋巴细胞有和。三、名词解释淋巴细胞归巢淋巴细胞再循环四、简答题1．简述免疫系统构成。2．简述中枢免疫器官构成和各器官重要功能。3．简述外周免疫器官构成和各器官重要功能。4．何谓淋巴细胞再循环，其生物学意义是什么？第三章《抗原》练习题一、单项选取题1．下列没有免疫原性物质是················································（）A、异嗜性抗原B、抗体C、补体D、半抗原2．抗原特异性取决于······················································（）A、抗原决定基性质B、抗原决定基数量C、抗原分子量大小D、载体性质3．TD-Ag得名，是由于它·····················································（）A、在胸腺中产生B、相应抗体在胸腺中产生C、对此抗原不产生体液免疫D、相应抗体产生需要T细胞辅助4．下列不属于TD-Ag是···················································（）A、血清蛋白B、细菌外毒素C、类毒素D、细菌脂多糖5．仅有抗原性而无免疫原性物质称为········································（）A、超抗原B、半抗原C、完全抗原D、异嗜性抗原6．存在于人、动物及微生物等不同种属之间共同抗原称为·······················（）A、异种抗原B、交叉抗原C、超抗原D、异嗜性抗原7．同一种属不同个体之间存在不同抗原称为··································（）A、异种抗原B、同种异型抗原C、独特型抗原D、Forssman抗原8．引起同胞兄弟之间移植排斥反映抗原属于··································（）A、异种抗原B、同种异型抗原C、自身抗原D、Forssman抗原9．动物来源破伤风抗毒素对破伤风病人而言是································（）A、半抗原B、抗体C、抗原D、既是抗体又是抗原10．从化学属性而言，下列免疫原性最强物质是································（）A、蛋白质B、多糖类C、类脂D、核酸11．关于佐剂，下列表述是错误是············································（）A、佐剂是特异性免疫增强剂B、可延长抗原在体内潴留时间C、动物实验中最惯用佐剂是弗氏完全佐剂和弗氏不完全佐剂D、可刺激APC，增强其对抗原加工和提呈12．下列属于同种异型抗原是···············································（）A、食入异种蛋白B、变化自身成分C、异嗜性抗原D、血型抗原13．下列属于超抗原是·····················································（）A、IgGB、白蛋白C、丝裂原D、热休克蛋白14．TD-Ag具备表位普通是·················································（）A、T细胞表位B、既不是T细胞表位，也不是B细胞表位C、B细胞表位D、同步有T细胞表位和B细胞表位15．有抗原被称为TI抗原，这是由于·········································（）A、来源于非胸腺组织B、诱生抗体重要在骨髓中产生C、往往具备各种不同抗原决定基D、刺激B细胞产生抗体，不需要T细胞辅助16．属于异嗜性抗原是·····················································（）A、Rh抗原与人红细胞B、马血清与破伤风梭菌C、AFP与乙型肝炎病毒D、大肠埃希菌O14与人结肠黏膜17．关于超抗原，下列描述错误是············································（）A、直接与APCMHC类分子非多态性外侧结合B、不要APC加工解决C、与TCRV链结合D、有MHC限制性18．关于TI抗原，下列描述错误是···········································（）A、只有B细胞表位，无T细胞表位B、激活细胞为B1细胞C、无MHC限制性D、产生抗体重要是IgG19．只具备与抗体结合能力，而单独不能诱导机体产生相应抗体物质是···········（）A、完合抗原B、TD抗原C、TI抗原D、半抗原20．与载体蛋白偶联后才获得免疫原性物质是·································（）A、超抗原B、半抗原C、TI抗原D、TD抗原21．甲、乙两种抗原都能与某一抗体发生特异性结合反映，这两种抗原互相称为·······（）A、半抗原B、共同抗原C、完全抗原D、同种异型抗原二、填空题1．具备而无物质称为半抗原。2．具备性和性物质为完全抗原。3．抗原异物性可存在于之间、之间以及。4．影响抗原免疫原性因素有_________、_________和三个方面。5．影响免疫原性抗原理化与构造性质涉及______、、、、、和等。6．抗原决定基在构造上分为两类，即决定基和决定基。7．抗原依照诱生抗体时与否需要T细胞参加分为抗原和抗原。8．抗原决定基依照被辨认淋巴细胞受体不同分为决定基和决定基。9．B细胞辨认表位普通是天然，位于抗原分子表面或表位；T细胞辨认表位是由APC加工提呈，即表位。10．自身抗原形成因素涉及、和等。11．常用人类同种异型抗原有、和等。12．作用于人T淋巴细胞丝裂原有、和。13．作用于人B细胞丝裂原有和。三、名词解释抗原完全抗原半抗原/不完全抗原表位/抗原决定基载体效应交叉反映TD-AgTI-Ag异嗜性抗原超抗原佐剂四、简答题1．抗原两个基本特性及其含义是什么？2．简述影响抗原免疫原性因素。3．动物免疫血清对于人两重性体当前哪里？4．何谓佐剂？佐剂作用机制有哪些？5．简述超抗原激活T细胞机制。五、问答题1．T细胞表位与B细胞表位有何不同？2．试比较TD-Ag与TI-Ag特性。3．试述超抗原与普通抗原比较。第四章《抗体》练习题一、单项选取题1．抗体与抗原结合构造域是················································（）A、VHB、VLC、CHD、VH和VL2．IgG与C1q结合构造域是················································（）A、CH1B、CH2C、CH3D、VH和VL3．IgM与C1q结合构造域是················································（）A、CH1B、CH2C、CH3D、VH和VL4．IgG与吞噬细胞或NK细胞表面FcR结合构造域是··························（）A、CH1B、CH2C、CH3D、VH和VL5．血清中含量最高Ig是···················································（）A、IgAB、IgMC、IgGD、IgD6．与抗原结合后激活补体能力最强Ig是·····································（）A、IgAB、IgMC、IgGD、IgD7．能通过胎盘Ig是·······················································（）A、IgAB、IgGC、IgMD、IgE8．脐血中含量增高提示胎儿有宫内感染Ig是·································（）A、IgAB、IgMC、IgGD、IgD9．在初次感染病原微生物后，机体最早产生抗体是·····························（）A、IgAB、IgMC、IgGD、IgD10．分子量最大Ig是······················································（）A、IgAB、IgMC、IgGD、IgD11．新生儿从母乳中获得抗体是·············································（）A、IgAB、IgMC、IgGD、SIgA12．产生抗体细胞是·······················································（）A、T细胞B、B细胞C、浆细胞D、NK细胞13．sIgA构成为··························································（）A、二个IgA单体与一种J链B、二个IgA单体与一种J链和一种分泌片C、一种IgA单体与一种J链D、一种IgA单体与一种J链和一种分泌片14．能与肥大细胞表面FcR结合，介导Ⅰ型超敏反映Ig是·······················（）A、IgAB、IgMC、IgGD、IgE15．天然ABO血型抗体属于··················································（）A、IgAB、IgMC、IgGD、IgD16．具备J链构造Ig是·····················································（）A、sIgA、IgGB、IgM、sIgAC、IgG、IgDD、IgD、IgE17．J链合成缺陷后受影响Ig是·············································（）A、IgG和IgEB、IgMC、IgAD、IgM和sIgA18．参加黏膜局部抗感染Ig是··············································（）A、IgAB、IgMC、sIgAD、IgG19．抗体分子基本构造构成是···············································（）A、2条重链和2条轻链B、1条重链和1条轻链C、2条相似重链和2条相似轻链D、4条相似肽链20．下列不属于抗体功能为·················································（）A、与抗原结合B、激活补体C、杀灭细胞D、调理作用21．合成sIgA分泌片细胞是················································（）A、巨噬细胞B、血管内皮细胞C、浆细胞D、黏膜上皮细胞22．IgG易被蛋白水解酶作用部位是·········································（）A、铰链区B、VH和VLC、CH1D、CH223．成熟B细胞BCRIg类型是············································（）A、mIgA和mIgMB、mIgM和mIgDC、mIgG和mIgED、mIgE和mIgD24．具备CH4构造域Ig为··················································（）A、sIgA和IgMB、IgM和IgDC、IgM和IgED、IgE和IgG25．关于抗体，下列描述错误是··············································（）A、抗体都是球蛋白B、抗体重要存在于体液中C、抗体能与相应抗原特异性结合D、抗体由浆细胞产生26．介导NK细胞等效应细胞产生ADCC效应Ig重要是·························（）A、IgAB、IgDC、IgGD、IgM27．关于Ig铰链区，下列表述错误是·······································（）A、位于CH1和CH2之间B、富含脯氨酸C、易于伸展弯曲D、五类Ig铰链区相似28．sIgA分子中分泌片重要功能是··········································（）A、连接2个IgA单体B、维持sIgA立体构象C、保护sIgA免遭蛋白酶水解D、增进抗体与抗原结合29．抗体发挥中和毒素作用重要依赖其·········································（）A、C区作用B、调理作用C、ADCC作用D、V区作用30．IgM实际抗原结合价为·················································（）A、1价B、2价C、5价D、10价二、填空题1．抗体分子基本构造是由两条相似和两条相似通过链间__________连接而成四肽链构造。2．IgA、IgM、IgG、IgE、IgD相应重链分别为、、、、。3．五类Ig中，血清含量最高是，具备J链和分泌片是，分子量最大是，能介导Ⅰ型超敏反映是，能通过胎盘是。4．免疫球蛋白轻链可分为型和型。5．用木瓜蛋白酶水解IgG可得到两个相似片段和一种片段；用胃蛋白酶水解IgG可获得一种能与抗原结合片段和无生物学活性片段。6．IgG铰链区位于与之间区域，其补体（C1q）结合点位于。7．具备J链构造免疫球蛋白有和。8．sIgA由二个IgA单体与和构成，重要存在于外分泌液中，在局部黏膜免疫中发挥重要作用。三、名词解释抗体IgCDR独特型（Id）抗体调理作用ADCC作用单克隆抗体基因工程抗体四、简答题1．简述免疫球蛋白基本构造。2．简述IgG分子构造域构成及各构造域分别有何功能。3．试述IgG重要免疫学特性及功能。4．试述IgM重要免疫学特性及功能。5．试述sIgA分子构造构成、分布及重要免疫学功能。五、问答题1．试述抗体功能。第五章《补体系统》练习题一、单项选取题1．补体激活典型途径中，其补体成分激活顺序是·····························（）A、C1→C2→C3→C4→C5→C6→C7→C8→C9B、C1→C2→C4→C3→C5→C6→C7→C8→C9C、C1→C4→C5→C2→C3→C6→C7→C8→C9D、C1→C4→C2→C3→C5→C6→C7→C8→C92．下列补体固有成分中含量最高是··········································（）A、C3B、C4C、C1qD、C23．具备调理作用补体裂解片段是············································（）A、C2bB、C3bC、C3aD、C5b4．具备过敏毒素作用补体组分是············································（）A、C3a、C4a、C5aB、C3a、C4aC、C2aD、C3b、C4b5．构成膜袭击复合物补体成分是············································（）A、C6b～9B、C4b2aC、C5b6789nD、C3bBb6．与抗原结合后，可通过典型途径激活补体系统Ig是··························（）A、IgA、IgGB、IgM、IgGC、sIgA、IgDD、IgA、IgM7．可以激活补体旁路途径成分是············································（）A、内毒素B、抗原抗体复合物C、IgMD、MBL8．关于补体对的论述是····················································（）A、补体成分在血液中处在活化状态B、旁路途径活化是从C2开始C、补体理化性质稳定D、补体重要是由肝细胞和巨噬细胞产生9．三条补体激活途径共同点是··············································（）A、参加补体成分B、C3转化酶构成C、激活物质D、膜袭击复合物形成及其溶解细胞效应10．与免疫球蛋白Fc段补体结合部位相结合补体分子是······················（）A、C3B、C1qC、C1rD、C1s11．既对中性粒细胞具备趋化作用又可激发肥大细胞释放组胺补体裂解产物是·····（）A、C3bB、C4bC、C4aD、C5a12．某些补体片段能增进吞噬细胞吞噬作用，是由于吞噬细胞表面存在············（）A、D因子受体B、C3b受体C、C5a受体D、C3a受体13．下列补体活化中形成转化酶中，不包括补体C3b成分是····················（）A、典型途径C5转化酶B、旁路途径C5转化酶C、典型途径C3转化酶D、旁路途径C3转化酶14．下列具备溶细胞作用补体成分是·········································（）A、C1B、B因子C、C3bD、C5b6789n15．下列具备趋化中性粒细胞补体成分是·····································（）A、C1B、C4bC、C3bD、C5a16．补体激活典型途径C3转化酶是··········································（）A、C4a2aB、C4a2bC、C4b2bD、C4b2a17．补体激活典型途径C5转化酶是··········································（）A、C3bBbB、C4b2aC、C3bnBbD、C4b2a3b18．补体激活旁路途径C5转化酶是··········································（）A、C3bBbB、C4b2aC、C3bnBbD、C4b2a3b19．补体激活旁路途径C3转化酶是··········································（）A、C3bBbB、C4b2aC、C3bnBbD、C4b2a3b20．补体激活凝集素途径C5转化酶是········································（）A、C3bBbB、C4b2aC、C3bnBbD、C4b2a3b二、填空题1．补体系统由、及构成。2．C1由、、三种蛋白构成。3．补体旁路途径激活物质是；类和类抗体与抗原结合形成免疫复合物可经典型途径激活补体。4．具备趋化因子作用补体片段是；具备调理作用补体片段有、和。5．具备炎症介质作用补体片段有、和；补体攻膜复合物（MAC）构成是。三、名词解释补体补体调理作用免疫黏附作用MAC四、简答题1．简述补体膜袭击复合物（MAC）构成及其靶细胞溶解效应机制。2．简述补体生物学功能及相应补体成分。五、问答题1．比较补体典型途径和旁路途径异同点（激活物、参加补体成分、C3转化酶、C5转化酶及作用等）。第六章《细胞因子》练习题一、单项选取题1．关于细胞因子，下列论述错误是········································（）A、普通是小分子蛋白质B、与CKR结合后才干发挥作用C、重要以内分泌方式发挥作用D、生物学效应具备拮抗性和重叠性2．具备趋化功能细胞因子称为········································（）A、interleukinB、interferonC、growthfactorD、chemokine3．能直接杀伤肿瘤细胞细胞因子是（）A、IFN-B、TGF-C、TNFD、CSF4．关于细胞因子作用特点，下列论述错误是···································（）A、作用品有多效性B、合成和分泌是一种自我调控过程C、重要参加免疫反映和炎症反映D、以特异性方式发挥作用二、填空题1．细胞因子通过、和方式发挥作用。2．细胞因子重要涉及、、、、和六大类。3．Ⅰ型干扰素涉及和，Ⅱ型干扰素是指。Ⅰ型干扰素重要由细胞产生，Ⅱ型干扰素是重要由活化和细胞产生。4．细胞因子中，IL是指，TNF是指，IFN是指，CSF是指。5．趋化因子依照接近氨基端半胱氨酸残基个数以及排列分为、、和四个亚家族。6．细胞因子重要生物学活性涉及和两个方面。7．TNF-重要由细胞产生，TNF-重要由细胞产生。三、名词解释细胞因子CSFTNF四、简答题1．简述细胞因子作用方式和功能特点。2．细胞因子分哪几类？请分别写出其中文名和惯用英文缩写。第七章《白细胞分化抗原和黏附分子》练习题一、单项选取题1．LFA-1配体是··························································（）A、LFA-2B、E-选取素C、ICAM-1D、LFA-32．选取素重要辨认配体是··················································（）A、CD15sB、CD8C、ICAM-1D、C343．CD2又称为······························································（）A、ICAM-1B、LFA-1C、LFA-2D、LFA-34．淋巴细胞归巢受体配体是················································（）A、血管地址素B、P-选取素C、L-选取素D、VLA5．炎症过程中中性粒细胞表面唾液酸化路易寡糖与内皮细胞互相作用分子是····（）A、血管地址素B、ICAM-1C、L-选取素D、E-选取素6．淋巴细胞归巢中，淋巴细胞表面L选取素与血管内皮细胞互相作用配体分子是·（）A、GlyCAM-1B、ICAM-1C、sLeXD、E-选取素二、填空题1．依照黏附分子构造特点不同，可将其分为家族、家族、家族等。2．选取素家族涉及、和三个成员。3．选取素分子胞膜外区均具有构造域、构造域构造域。4．黏附分子重要功能有、及等。5．介导淋巴细胞归巢黏附分子中，表达在淋巴细胞表面称为，表达在血管内皮细胞表面称为。三、名词解释白细胞分化抗原CD细胞黏附分子第八章《重要组织相容性复合体》练习题一、单项选取题1．关于MHCⅠ类分子，下列论述对的是······································（）A、MHCⅠ类分子肽链均为MHC编码B、HLAⅠ链分子由HLA复合体基因编码C、为2条相似重链和2条相似轻链构成四肽链构造D、重要参加外源性抗原提呈2．关于MHCⅡ类分子，下列论述错误是······································（）A、MHCⅡ类分子2条多肽链均为MHC基因编码B、典型MHCⅡ类分子涉及HLA-DP、HLA-DQ、HLA-DRC、重要存在于APC表面D、广泛分布于各种有核细胞表面3．与强直性脊柱炎密切有关HLA分子是·····································（）A、HLA-A5B、HLA-B8C、HLA-B7D、HLA-B274．HLA单体型是指·························································（）A、一条染色体上HLA复合体等位基因组合B、个体HLA表型组合C、两条染色体上HLA复合体等位基因组合D、个体HLA表型一半5．HLAⅠ类分子肽结合构造域位于·········································（）A、α1，β1B、β2mC、α1，α2D、β1，β26．HLAⅡ类分子肽结合构造域位于·········································（）A、α1，β1B、β2mC、α1，α2D、β1，β27．亲代与子代有一种HLA单体型相似机制是·································（）A、单体型遗传B、多态性C、连锁不平衡D、性连锁遗传8．同胞之间HLA复合体基因完全相似概率为·································（）A、10%B、25%C、50%D、100%9．同胞之间HLA复合体基因完全不同概率为·································（）A、10%B、25%C、50%D、100%10．同胞之间一种HLA复合体相似概率为····································（）A、10%B、25%C、50%D、100%11．活化人T淋巴细胞表达MHC分子有····································（）A、MHCⅠ类分子B、MHCⅡ类分子C、MHCⅠ类、Ⅱ类分子D、MHCⅠ类、Ⅲ类分子12．HLAⅡ类分子重要表达于················································（）A、T细胞表面B、APC表面C、红细胞表面D、肝细胞表面13．下列属于移植抗原是···················································（）A、CD分子B、CKsC、AMD、HLA分子14．MHC分子重要功能是··················································（）A、决定组织相容性B、引起移植排斥应C、决定机体对某些疾病有关性D、提呈抗原15．关于MHC中PSMB，下列描述错误是···································（）A、为蛋白酶体亚单位基因B、其基因产物参加内源性抗原解决C、涉及PSMB8和PSMB9两个座位D、其基因产物能将内源性抗原肽转运入内质网16．关于TAP分子，下列表述错误是·········································（）A、即抗原加工有关转运物B、分别由TAP1和TAP2两个座位基因编码C、其功能是将内源性抗原肽从胞质转运入内质网D、其功能是降解外源性抗原17．对HLA-DM基因表述错误是············································（）A、属免疫功能有关基因C、编码产物参加外源性抗原加工提呈B、涉及DMA和DMB座位D、编码产物参能降解外源性抗原18．关于MHCⅡ类分子，下列表述错误是·····································（）A、表达在B细胞和T细胞表面B、与巨噬细胞抗原提呈作用有关C、在人群中体现为高度多态性D、有CD4分子结合部位19．MHCⅡ类分子与CD4分子结合构造域是··································（）A、α1、α2B、α3C、α1、β1D、β220．MHCⅠ类分子与CD8分子结合构造域是··································（）A、α1、α2B、α3C、β2mD、α1、β121．与类风湿关节炎重要关联HLA分子是····································（）A、HLA-B27B、HLA-DR2C、HLA-DR4D、HLA-DR522．关于MHCⅠ类分子肽结合构造域，下列表述错误是·······················（）A、肽结合构造域由α1、α2构造域构成B、由2个α螺旋和8个β折叠股构成肽结合槽C、肽结合槽两端开放D、结合抗原肽长度为8～10个氨酸残基23．关于MHCⅡ类分子肽结合构造域，下列表述错误是·······················（）A、肽结合构造域由α1、β1构造域构成B、α1和β1构造域各行成由1个α螺旋和4个β折叠股C、结合抗原肽长度为13～17个氨酸残基D、肽结合槽与相应氨基酸序列抗原肽结合二、填空题1．人类MHC称为，其编码产物称为。2．HLA复合体遗传特性有、、等。3．HLA复合体位于人第染色体短臂，类基因集中于远离着丝点一端，类基因集中于近着丝点一端。4．HLA复合体定位于，全长，共有个基因座位，其中功能性基因个。5．Th与APC作用、Th与B细胞作用受MHC类分子限制；CTL与靶细胞作用受MHC类分子限制。6．HLA复合体中编码典型Ⅰ类分子链基因座位有、、；编码典型Ⅱ类分子基因亚区有、、。7．PSMB中文名称为，该基因编码产物为构成成分之一，后者功能是。8．TAP分子中文名称为，其基因座位有和，TAP功能是。9．HLA非典型Ⅰ类分子有和。10．MⅠC基因家族涉及和两个基因，其编码产物为配体。三、名词解释MHCHLA复合体MHC限制性锚定残基共用基序TAP（transportersassociatedwithantigenprocessing）PSMB（proteasomesubunitβtype）四、简答题1．简述HLA复合体遗传特点。2．简述PSMB、TAP和HLA-DM分子在抗原加工提呈中作用。3．简述HLA与临床医学关系。五、问答题1．试述典型HLAⅠ类分子和Ⅱ类分子编码基因座位/亚区、分子构造（构造域构成和作用）、表达特点、组织分布和功能特点。2．试述HLA分子选取性结合含共用基序抗原肽具备相对专一性意义。3．试述HLA分子功能。第九章《B淋巴细胞》练习题一、单选题1．与mIg共同构成BCR复合物是···········································（）A、CD19和CD21B、CD79a和CD79bC、CD80和CD86D、CD28和CD1522．鉴别B-1细胞和B-2细胞重要表面标志是···································（）A、CD4B、CD8C、CD40D、CD53．B细胞上EB病毒受体是·················································（）A、CD5B、CD19C、CD21D、CD2254．B-1细胞辨认抗原重要是················································（）A、颗粒性抗原B、蛋白质抗原C、脂类抗原D、碳水化合物类抗原5．可刺激成熟B细胞增殖和分化细胞因子是··································（）A、IL-4B、IFN-γC、IL-12D、TGF-β6．不成熟B细胞表达mIg重要是············································（）A、mIgAB、mIgMC、mIgDD、mIgE7．具备多反映性细胞是····················································（）A、B-1细胞B、B-2细胞C、Th1细胞D、Th2细胞8．与B细胞活化第二信号关于膜表面分子是··································（）A、CD40LB、CD28C、CD80D、CD869．人类B细胞分化成熟场合是··············································（）A、胸腺B、脾脏C、骨髓D、淋巴结10．关于B1细胞，下列论述错误是···········································（）A、产生抗体亲和力较低B、产生抗体可与各种不同抗原表位结合C、产生抗体多为IgMD、重要对蛋白质抗产生免疫应答11．B细胞表面CD40与T细胞表面CD40L结合可介导························（）A、B细胞活化B、B细胞分化成熟C、T细胞活化D、T细胞分化成熟12．B-1细胞对碳水化合物抗原发生应答后，产生抗体重要是···················（）A、高亲和力IgG型抗体B、低亲和力IgG型抗体C、高亲和力IgM型抗体D、低亲和力IgM型抗体13．成熟B细胞表达mIg重要是·············································（）A、mIgA和mIgGB、mIgM和mIgAC、mIgD和mIgMD、mIgE和mIgG14．B细胞共受体不涉及·····················································（）A、CD19B、CD20C、CD21D、CD8115．关于Ig/Ig，如下表述错误是···········································（）A、与mIg构成BCR复合物B、可转导B细胞活化第一信号C、胞浆内具有ITAMD、自前B细胞开始表达16．关于前B细胞受体（pre-BCR），如下表述错误是·····························（）A、由链和代替轻链构成B、代替轻链由Vpre-B和5两种蛋白构成C、具备辨认相应抗原作用D、表达于前B细胞17．关于代替轻链，如下表述错误是··········································（）A、与链共同构成前B细胞受体B、Vpre-B和5分别与Ig轻链V区和C区同源C、由Vpre-B和5两种蛋白构成D、表达于祖B细胞18．在BCR胚系基因构造中，编码IgH链V区基因片段是······················（）A、V基因片段B、V基因片段和J基因片段C、V基因片段和D基因片段D、V基因片段、D基因片段和J基因片段19．关于在BCR胚系基因构造中链基因，如下表述错误是····················（）A、基因位于2号染色体短臂B、由编码V区V基因片段、J基因片段及编码C区C基因片段构成C、其J基因片段与C基因片段配对排列，形成J-C构造D、编码V区V基因片段和J基因片段均有各种基因片段构成20．关于BCR重链基因重组，如下表述对的是·······························（）A、发生于前B细胞B、先V-J重组，再VJ-D重组C、先D-J重组，再V-DJ重组D、重链基因重组发生于轻链成功重组之后21．关于BCR重链基因重组，如下表述错误是·······························（）A、参加基因重组酶有RAG、TdT等B、RAG可辨认并切除V（D）J基因片段两侧RSSC、TdT可在基因重组过程中浮现DNA断端切除若干个核苷酸D、B细胞中一条染色体上重链基因重排成功后，抑制另一条同源染色体上重链基因重排22．关于BCR轻链基因重组，如下表述错误是·······························（）A、发生在前B细胞阶段B、链基因重排不成功，再重排链基因C、发生于重链重排成功之后D、BCR轻链重排成功后，该细胞表达BCR二、填空题1．Igα/Igβ重要功能为转导及参加。2．B细胞共受体由、和分子构成，其作用是。3．给B细胞活化提供共刺激信号重要一对共刺激分子是B细胞表面与T细胞表面。4．不成熟B细胞表达mIg为；成熟B细胞表达mIg重要为和。5．B细胞功能有、和。6．B细胞在骨髓中发育分为、、和四个阶段。7．BCR胚系基因构造中，人IgH链基因群位于，其编码Ig重链可变区基因片段有、和；链基因群位于，链基因群位于，编码轻链V区基因片段有和。8．不同发育阶段B细胞表达不同分子，其中祖B细胞表达，前B细胞表达，未成熟B细胞表达，成熟B细胞表达。9．Ig重链基因重排发生于B细胞发育阶段，轻链重排发生于B细胞发育阶段。10．BCR多样性产生机制有、、和。11．B细胞表达共刺激分子重要有和；前者配体是，后者配体有和。12．给T细胞活化提供共刺激信号重要一对共刺激分子是和。13．给B细胞活化提供共刺激信号重要一对共刺激分子是和。14．B细胞依照与否表达分子分为B1细胞和B2细胞。15．参加BCR基因重排重组酶涉及、、和等。16．重组激活酶可特异性辨认并切除V（D）J基因片段两侧；TdT中文全称为，其作用是。二、名词解释BCR复合物前B细胞受体代替轻链B细胞共受体基因重排受体编辑等位排斥同型排斥ITAM体细胞高频突变四、简答题1．简述B-1细胞表面标志、抗原辨认和免疫应答等特点。2．简述B细胞中枢耐受形成机制。五、问答题1．试述BCR多样性产生机制。2．试述B细胞重要表面分子及其作用。第十章《T淋巴细胞》练习题一、单选题1．下列不属于Th1型细胞因子是··············································（）A、IL-2B、IL-4C、TNFD、IFN-γ2．临床上用于鉴别T细胞表面标志是········································（）A、CD2B、CD3C、CD4D、TCR3．胞质区具有ITAM基序CD分子是·········································（）A、CD3B、CD4C、CD28D、CD152（CTLA-4）4．HIV包膜蛋白gp120受体是················································（）A、CD2B、CD3C、CD4D、CD85．与MHCⅡ类分子结合CD分子是··········································（）A、CD3B、CD4C、CD8D、CD286．与MHCⅠ类分子结合CD分子是··········································（）A、CD3B、CD4C、CD8D、CD287．MHCⅡ类分子与CD4分子结合构造域是···································（）A、α1构造域B、β1构造域C、α2构造域D、β2构造域8．MHCⅠ类分子与CD8分子结合构造域是···································（）A、α1构造域B、α2构造域C、α3构造域D、β2构造域9．胞质区具有ITIM，能与CD80/CD86结合CD分子是··························（）A、CD3B、CD28C、CD152D、CD210．下列不属Th2型细胞因子是···············································（）A、IFN-γB、IL-4C、IL-10D、IL-511．通过度泌IL10和TGF-β对免疫应答发挥负调节T细胞是·····················（）A、Th1B、Th2C、Th3D、Tr112．重要辨认外源性抗原肽-MHCⅡ类分子复合物，受MHCⅡ类分子限制细胞是····（）A、CD4＋T细胞B、CD8＋T细胞C、T细胞D、T细胞13．重要辨认内源性抗原肽-MHCⅠ类分子复合物，受MHCⅠ类分子限制细胞是···（）A、CD4＋T细胞B、CD8＋T细胞C、T细胞D、T细胞14．关于γδT细胞，描述错误是··············································（）A、不受MHC限制B、受体缺少多样性C、多为CD4—CD8—细胞D、重要分布在外周血15．T细胞在胸腺发育过程中，表达前T细胞受体细胞称为····················（）A、祖T细胞B、前T细胞C、双阳性细胞D、单阳性细胞16．T细胞在胸腺发育过程中，进行TCR链基因重排阶段是···················（）A、祖T细胞B、前T细胞C、双阳性细胞D、单阳性细胞17．T细胞在胸腺发育过程中，进行TCR链基因重排阶段是···················（）A、祖T细胞B、前T细胞C、双阳性细胞D、单阳性细胞18．下列重要辅助B细胞活化，增进B细胞增殖、分化和抗体生成T细胞是·······（）A、Th1B、Th2C、Th3D、Tr119．被称为TCR“共受体”分化抗原是······································（）A、CD28、CTLA-4B、CD4、CD8C、CD40、CD40LD、CD2、LFA220．下列T细胞共刺激分子及其配体，配对错误是····························（）A、CD28与CD80/CD86B、CTLA-4与CD80/CD86C、CD40与CD40LD、LFA-1与LFA-221．下列不属于重要介导黏附作用T细胞表面分子是···························（）A、CD2B、ICAM-1C、LFA-1D、CTLA-422．下列不能通过FasL/Fas途径诱导靶细胞凋亡细胞是·························（）A、效应CTLB、NKC、NKTD、Th223．下列细胞间互相作用无MHC限制性是····································（）A、Th与B细胞B、Th与DC细胞C、NKT与靶细胞D、CTL与肿瘤细胞24．活化后能增进T细胞活化信号转导，与CD4/CD8胞浆区相联PTK是·········（）A、p56LckB、p59FynC、ZAP-70D、PLC-γ25．T细胞在胸腺发育过程中，进行TCR链基因重排阶段是···················（）A、祖T细胞B、前T细胞C、双阳性细胞D、单阳性细胞26．T细胞在胸腺发育过程中，最早表达TCR阶段是··························（）A、祖T细胞B、前T细胞C、双阳性细胞D、单阳性细胞27．T细胞在胸腺发育中，经阳性选取后······································（）A、祖T细胞发育成前T细胞B、前T细胞发育为双阳性细胞C、双阳性细胞发育成单阳性细胞D、单阳性细胞发育为成熟T细胞28．T细胞在胸腺发育中，经阴性选取后······································（）A、祖T细胞发育为前T细胞B、前T细胞发育为成双阳性细胞C、双阳性细胞发育为单阳性细胞D、单阳性细胞发育为成熟T细胞29．阳性选取意义是·············································