现代大学英语3 教案

LessonOneYourCollegeYears★OralPracticeI.Warm-upQuestionsAsasophomore,whatisyourgeneralimpressionofcollege? manyopportunitiesforonetoexploretheunknown experiencingalot makinglifelongfriends enjoyingvariouskindsofactivities developingone’spersonalinterests meetingoutstandingscholars keepingagoodbalanceandlayingasolidfoundation … thegoldentimeinone’slifeHaveyouexperiencedanythingdifferentfromyourmiddleschoollife? beingfarawayfromhome livingwithothers becomingindependent takingcareofoneself handlingone’sownfinance makingone’sowndecisions … changesareoccurringWhat’syourpurposeofreceivingacollegeeducation? togetandkeepagoodjob toearnmoremoney togetagoodstartinlife tofullydeveloponeself tocontributemoretothesociety … asoundinvestmentthatiswortheverypennyHaveyouhadanypsychologicalproblemseversinceyouenteredcollege? loneliness confusion frustration jealousy asenseofinferiority feelingpressure … psychologicalproblemsaboundoncampusII.MythsandFactsRegardingCollegeExperienceCollegeyearsaretimesofsignificanttransitionandchallengeforanindividual.Transitionsimplymeanschange.Higherlevelsofanxietyarealwaysexperiencedbypeoplewhoareinastateoftransitionregardlessofwhetherthechangeisperceivedasgoodorbad.Thefollowingaresomeofthemythsvs.thefactsregardingcollegeexperience.Myth1:Collegeyearsarethebestyearsofone’slife.Fact1:Whilecollegeyearsarememorableandenjoyable,theycanalsobeamongthemoststressfulandanxioustimes.Oneisfacedwithconstantevaluationfromhisprofessors.Personalandparentalexpectationsarealwaysonhismind.Financialstressisoftenawayoflife.Careerdecisions,variousrelationshipsandthemovetowardindependencearealsocommonissues.Makingthesethebestyearsofone’slifeinvolvesdevelopinganapproachthatisproactiveandincludesasupportnetwork.Myth2:Studentsexperiencingstressoranxietyareunpreparedtohandletherigorsofcollege.Fact2:Collegeanduniversityenvironmentsaredesignedtobechallengingacademically,personallyandsocially.Stressandanxiety,amongotheremotions,arenaturalby-productsoftheacceleratedpaceoflearningandgrowth.Itisnotamatterofwhetherornotweexperiencetheseunpleasantfeelingsbutrather,amatterofhowwemanagetheseemotions.Myth3:Agoodstudentdoesnotneedassistanceduringhis/hercollegeexperience.Fact3:Manystudentscometocollegewiththebeliefthattoaskforhelpisasuresignofinadequacy.Infact,nothingcouldbefartherfromthetruth.Yourcollegeoruniversityhasanabundanceofresourcesavailabletoyou,forwhichyouarepayingthroughtuitionorfees.Sobecomefamiliarwithandmakeuseofthecampusresources,especiallywhenyouneedassistance.Myth4:Iamtheonlyonethatdoesn'thaveitall.Fact4:Asyouwalkoncampusandobserveotherstudents,itappearsthateveryoneelseissosureofhimself.Everyoneelsehasfriends.Everyoneelsehasdirection.Everyoneelseisconfident.Everyoneelseiswithouttroublesorhassles.Thismisperceptioniscommonamongcollegestudents.Ithasitsrootsinoneofourmorepowerfulsocialnorms.Weallweara“publicmask”toprotectacertainsocialimage.This“publicmask”communicatesasenseofself-assurednesstothosewithwhomwecomeincontact.Itoftenbeliestheinnerturmoilthatweallexperiencefromtimetotime.Theabovearejustsomeofthemythsversusfactsconcerningcollegeexperiences.Canyouthinkofanyothermyths?Haveadiscussionwithyourclassmatesabouttheirtruths.III.OnSeasonsinCollegeTherearefourseasonsinayear,whichmakethedaysdistinctiveandexiting.Metaphorically,therearefourseasonsinone’scollegeyearsrepresentingdifferentaspectsofcollegelife,whichmakethedaysrewardingandunforgettable.Doyouagree?Ifso,whatdoyouthinkthefourseasonsrepresent?Shareyouropinions,please.Springistheseasonfornaturetorevive,togrowandtogetreadytoboom.Similarly,incollege,springistheseasonforyoutoacquireknowledge,todevelopyourselfandtolayasolidfoundationforthefuture.It’stheseasonofgrowth.Summeristheseasonforflowerstobloom,andit’stheseasonforyoutoenjoythegreatestpassioninnature—love,lovefromyourclassmates,fromyourteachersandfromyourromance.Itistheseasonofaffection.Autumnisaseasonofharvestincollege.It’stheseasonforyoutoenjoywhatyouhaveachieved.Winteristheharshestseasonofthefour,whichpresentssomanydifficultiesandhardships.Likewise,noteverydayincollegeisfullofjoy.Youhavetomeetnewfaces,getadjusted,makedecisionsforyourself,befinanciallyandpsychologicallydependent,etc.Sowinteristheseasonofchange.Unpleasantasitmayseemtosomestudents,itissimplyinescapableandbeneficialtoone’sgrowthandmaturity.★BackgroundinformationI.AuthorBobHartmanwasborninPittsburgh,theUnitedStates,andmovedtoEnglandinthesummerof2000.Hehasbeenworkingasastorytellerforchildrenformorethanadecadeandisapart-timepastor.II.ErikH.EricksonErikH.Erikson(1902—1994),wasaGerman-bornAmericanpsychoanalystwhosewritingsonsocialpsychology,individualidentity,andtheinteractionsofpsychologywithhistory,politics,andcultureinfluencedprofessionalapproachestopsychosocialproblemsandattractedmuchpopularinterest.HewasmostfamousforhisworkonrefiningandexpandingFreud’stheoryofdevelopmentalstages.III.Erickson’sTheoryofDevelopmentalStagesBasicTheory:Babiesarebornwithsomebasiccapabilitiesanddistincttemperaments.Buttheygothroughdramaticchangesonthewaytoadulthoodandoldage.AccordingtopsychologistErikH.Erikson,eachindividualpassesthrougheightdevelopmentalstages.Eachdevelopmentalstageischaracterizedbyadifferentpsychological"crisis",whichmustberesolvedbytheindividualbeforetheindividualcanmoveontothenextstage.Ifthepersoncopeswithaparticularcrisisinamaladaptivemanner,theoutcomewillbemorestruggleswiththatissuelaterinlife.ToErikson,thesequenceofthestagesaresetbynature.Itiswithinthesetlimitsthatnurtureworksitsways.Stage1:InfantTrustvs.MistrustNeedsmaximumcomfortwithminimaluncertaintytotrusthimself/herself,others,andtheenvironment.Stage2:ToddlerAutonomyvs.ShameandDoubtWorkstomasterphysicalenvironmentwhilemaintainingself-esteem.Stage3:PreschoolerInitiativevs.GuiltBeginstoinitiate,notimitate,activities;developsconscienceandsexualidentity.Stage4:School-ageChildIndustryvs.InferiorityTriestodevelopasenseofself-worthbyrefiningskills.Stage5:AdolescentIdentityvs.RoleConfusionTriesintegratingmanyroles(child,sibling,student,athlete,worker)intoaself-imageunderrolemodelandpeerpressure.Stage6:YoungAdultIntimacyvs.IsolationLearnstomakepersonalcommitmenttoanotherasspouse,parentorpartner.Stage7:Middle-AgeAdultGenerativityvs.StagnationSeekssatisfactionthroughproductivityincareer,family,andcivicinterests.Stage8:OlderAdultIntegrityvs.DespairReviewslifeaccomplishments,dealswithlossandpreparesfordeath.★LanguagePoints:Thisisatextaboutwhatstudentswillexperienceintheir"collegeyears".ItisaddressedtocollegestudentsintheUnitedStates.Butwithsomemodifications,whattheauthorsaysherewillalsomakeperfectsensetoourstudents.Itisparticularlyappropriatenowaswearejustbeginningthesecondacademicyear,whichisconsideredbymanythemostimportantinourcollegelife,becausewithourfirstyear'sexperienceweareinabetterpositiontounderstandtheissuesinvolvedandthewaystodealwiththemeffectively.Collegelifeisbothanexcitingandfrustratingexperience.Firstofall,togotoauniversityusuallymeanstogotoanewplacefarawayfromhomeandliveamongstrangers.Itmeansthatweareonourown,independent.Itmeansthatwearenolongerourmother'sbaby.Itmeansthatinsteadofbeingtakencareof,wenowhavetotakecareofourselvesandevenlearntotakecareofothers.Itmeansthatfromnowonwehavetohandleourownfinances,chooseourownwardrobesanddetermineourownagenda.Inshortwehavetofacemanywhattheauthorcalls"developmentalchanges"andmakemanyimportantadjustmentsanddecisions,decisionsthatwillconcernoureducationandcareer,andvaluesandsocialresponsibilities.Itisclearthatyoungadulthoodisanextremelyimportantperiodinourlife.Afterallweareyoungonlyonce.However,wemusttakeawarningfromBernardShawwhosays,"Youthisoftenwastedintheyoung".Wecannottakeforgrantedthatweyoungpeopleautomaticallyknowhowtodealwithallthoseproblems.Tomakeourcollegeexperiencemeaningfulandrewarding,wemustlearntohandlewhattheauthorcalls"theidentitycrises",tofindoutwhoweare,whatareourstrongpointsandweaknesses,whatweshoulddoandwhereweshouldgo.Ofcoursewemustlearntobeindependentorself-reliantpsychologicallyaswellasinothermatters.Buttobeindependentdoesnotmeantobeisolated.Itsimplymeansthatwehavetorelatetoourfamily,ourteachers,ourschool,thepeoplearoundusandthesocietyasawholeinanew,morematureway.Itmeansthatwehavetolearnnewknowledge,developnewideas,formnewhabits,adoptnewattitudes,andcultivatenewrelationships.Noteveryoneknowshowtohandletheirsuddenindependenceorfreedom.Therearesomewhostillfinditscary.Theyareoftenatalossbecausetheycannolongergetparentalguidanceforeverythingtheydoandtheycomplainthattheuniversityprofessorsdonotseemtocareverymuchwhattheydoordonotdo.Therearealsothosewhotaketheirnewlyfoundindependencetomeanthattheycandoanythingtheywant.Theycangotoclasslateornotatall.Theycancopytheirexercisesortermpapers.Theycanlearntosmoke.Theycanjust"enjoylife"andmuddlethroughthefouryears.Thesestudentsdonotrealizethatindependencereallymeansself-disciplineandastrongsenseofresponsibility.Toabusetheirindependenceisactuallyanindicationthattheyhaveremainedintheirchildhood.Thereareotherchallengestoo.Noteveryoneishappywiththeprogresstheyaremakingintheirstudies.Somemayhaveseriousdifficultykeepingupwiththeclass.Theyfeeldisappointedanddiscouraged.Andthissometimesleadstoseriousconsequences.Thentherearealsostudentswhofeel.thattheyhavefailedsociallybecausetheyarenotaspopularasothers.Theycannotmakefriendseasily.Theythereforefeellonelyanddepressed.1.Itoccurstosb.that..Itneveroccurredtomethatwealthcouldruinaperson'slife.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadnottouchedanymeatformonths.Twootherwordsoftenusedinthispatternare"strike"and"dawn":sth.dawnsonsb./itdawnsonsb.that开始明白（某个事实），醒悟(“dawnon”notinpassive)Itsuddenlydawnedonusthathighsavingsratemaynotbeagoodthing.Itgraduallybegantodawnontheeconomiststhattheproblemwasnotover-production,butunder-consumption.Thetruthfinallydawnedonhim.ItdawnedonmethatI’dlefttheovenon.Itstruckherthatalthoughshewasnowrichbyherownstandard,shewasnotreallyhappy.2.FromadolescencetoyoungadulthoodTheterm"adolescence"beganasaWesternconcept,whichmeanstheperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood.Thispassagetoadulthoodisoftenmarkedbyanumberofsmallchangesinstatusduringorneartheendofadolescence.Graduationfromhighschool,therighttovote,todrinkliquor,andtodriveacararealleventsthat,tosomedegree,signifyadultstatus.Butthemainchangesarepsychologicalaswellasphysical.Itisusuallyfraughtwithanxietyandconflict.3.Duringthistime,studentsaregoingthroughanidentitycrisis...gothrough:experience;undergo;suffer通过；经历；遭受Hereallybelievedthatbysayingthosemagicwordshecouldgothroughwallswithoutanytrouble.Idon'tthinkthisplanwillgothroughtheSecurityCouncil,(beacceptedby)Wehavegonethroughallthesearguments,(goovercarefullyfrombeginningtoend)It'stoolatetobackout.Wejusthavetogothroughwithit.(doitbecauseyouhavepromisedorplannedtodoit,eventhoughyouarenolongersureyouwanttodoit.)identitycrisis:Itreferstothedifficulties,confusionsandanxietiesthatyougothroughduringadolescencewhenyouarenotsurewhoyoureallyareandwhatyourpurposeinlifeis.性格认同危机(弗洛伊德心理学用语，尤指在青年期发生的心理矛盾和混乱现象，既关心个人的社会作用，又难于认识或树立自己性格的同一性also:nationalidentity;politicalidentity;culturalidentity;socialidentity,etc.)4.endeavor:n.(fml)努力，尽力，尝试；（为达到某一目的而进行的）活动，事业doone’sendeavor尽力去做bestendeavors最大努力pleasemakeeveryendeavortocomeearly.Despiteourbestendeavors,wecouldn’tgetthemachinestarted.Workersineveryfieldofendeavorv.endeavortodosth.e.g.Howmuchheendeavored,thegoalstayedunattained.Wealwaysendeavortogiveourcustomersexcellentservice.5.toperceive:(notincontinuoustenses)(1)tothinkofas把…看作,认为Heperceivedhimselfaloserwhocouldnotevensupporthisfamily.Heisperceivedasareligiousman.(2)tonotice(sth.thatisdifficulttonotice);todiscover;toobserve察觉，注意到，发觉Musicianscanperceiveverysmalldifferencesinsounds.ThatmorningheperceivedachangeinFranc’smood.Hewasonlyabletoperceivelightandcolor;hecouldnotseeproperly.（3） tounderstand;tograsp理解，领悟DoyouperceivewhatImean?Igraduallyperceivedthatcultureandlanguagecannotreallybeseparated.Perceivable(a.)Perception(n.)6....identityisdeterminedbygeneticendowment(whatisinheritedfromparents),shapedbyenvironment,andinfluencedbychanceevents.whoweareisdeterminedbythreethings:First,ourgenes,orwhatourparentshavegivenus,ourlegacy;second,environment,andthird,luckoropportunities.chanceevents;"Chance"hereisanadjective,meaning"accidental."Thischancemeetingwiththefamouswriterchangedhiswholelife.Thismedicineissaidtobeachancediscovery.Achancevisitor不速之客Achancemeeting邂逅7.endow:vt.(1) 资助，捐赠；向…捐钱(或物)e.g.endowacollege/endowsb.withsth.(2) givesb.sth.(正式)给予，赋予e.g.beendowedwithcourageendowthesewordswithnewsignificance(3)认为具有特质endowment(n.)资助，捐赠；捐款，捐赠的财物；天赋，天资，才能ThecollegehasalargeendowmentMenofgreatendowmentsEndower(n.)Endowmentassurance人寿保险，养老保险，储蓄保险Endowmentpolicy人寿保险单，养老保险Endowmentmortgage养老保险抵押（以人寿保险所得付买房借款）8.comparisonbetweeninheritandinherentinherit:vt.继承，经遗传而得；接过，获得inheritthefamilyestateasoninheritshisfather.Sheinheritsherblueeyesfromherfather.Thenewgovernmentinheritsgreatmanyproblemsandamongthemafinancialcrisis.inherent:adj.内在的，固有的，与生俱来的Parentsshouldbeawakenedtotheinherentnatureoftheirchildren.9. inturn:(1)asaresultofsth.因此，因而；转而，反过来Theoryisbasedonpracticeandinturnservespractice.Interestrateswerecut,andinturn,sharepricesrose.(2)oneaftertheother,especiallyinaparticularorder轮流地，依次地Heaskedeachofusinturntodescribehowalcoholhadaffectedourlives.We’llcrossthebridgeinturn.10.tobeindependentfrom/ofThesebanksarenowcompletelyindependentof(from)eachother.11.Itmaybeheightenedbytheirchoicetopursueacollegeeducation.Iftheychoosetogotocollegetocontinuetheireducation,theywillfaceanevenmoreseriousstrugglebetweenthedesiretobeindependentandtheneedtodependonthefinancialsupportoftheirparents.12.freedomfromanexcessiveneedforapproval,closeness,togetherness,andemotionalsupportinrelationtothemotherandfather.Ifsomebodyhasanexcessiveneedforapproval,itmeansthatheistoodependentonsb'sapproval.Childrenneedtheirparentstotellthemwhattodoornottodo.Theyalsoneedtobeclosetotheirparentsandreceiveencouragement,love,allkindsofemotionalsupportwhichgivethemstrength.Butwhentheygrowup,thisshouldchange.Theyshouldnolongerhavethesameneedslikebabies.freedom(free)fromsth:nolongerhavingsthyoudonotwant,摆脱，免于Themostimportantfreedomourpeopleshouldhaveisthefreedomfromhunger.Anidealsocietyisonefreefromexploitationandoppression.Withinamonth,thewholebuildingisfreefromfliesandmosquitoes.Note:"Welookforwardtoaworldfoundeduponfouressentialhumanfreedoms.Thefirstisfreedomofspeechandexpression—everywhereintheworld.ThesecondisfreedomofeverypersontoworshipGodinhisownway—everywhereintheworld.Thethirdisfreedomfromwant...everywhereintheworld.Thefourthisfreedomfromfear...anywhereintheworld."—FranklinD.Roosevelt.13.Fourthisfreedomfrom"excessiveguilt,anxiety,mistrust,responsibility,inhibition,resentment,andangerinrelationtothemotherandfather."Childrenoftenfeelveryguiltyinrelationtotheirparentsbecausetheythinktheyhavedonesomethingwrong,andtheyarealsoanxiousbecausetheyareeagertopleasetheirparents;theysometimesfeelunhappybecausetheythinkthattheirparentshavenotbeenfairtothem;theyfeelthattheyareresponsibletotheirparentsforeverythingtheydo?theyarealwaysafraidofnotsayingtherightthingornotbehavingproperly;allthesemaymakethemangrywiththeirparentsormakethemfeelresentful.Thesefeelingsreflecttheiremotionaldependenceontheirparents.Whentheygrowup,theyusuallystriveforthefreedomfromthese.14.with/inrelationto:(1)有关，关于，涉及Weareplanningwithrelationtothefuture.Ihavenothingtosayinrelationtothequality.(2)与…相比e.g.Wagesareverylowinrelationtothecostofliving.Relateto:tobeabletohaveagoodrelationshipwithpeoplebecauseyouunderstandtheirfeelingsandbehavior适应，相交融，相处得好Childrenneedtolearntorelatetootherchildren.15.dragone’sfeet/heels:(infml)walkingslowlyandlistlessly,lookingveryunhappyanddisappointed(itisoftenusedfigurativelytomean"todelaydeliberately";totaketoomuchtimetodosth.becauseyoudon’twanttodoit.)做事拖拉，迟迟不做Thelocalauthoritiesaredraggingtheirfeet(over)closingthesesmallcoalmines.Icanunderstandwhytheyaredraggingtheirfeetoverthisreform.Thereasonisthatitwillaffecttheirpersonalinterest.At9o’clockshedraggedherfeetintotheoffice.16. dismay:n.theworry,disappointmentandhappinessyoufeelwhensth.unpleasanthappens忧虑，失望，沮丧，恐慌with/indismayAmandareadherexamresultswithdismay.Theystaredateachotherindismay.Tosb.’sdismayIfoundtomydismaythatIhadleftmynotesbehind.Fillsb.withdismayThethoughtofmakingthjourneyfilledhimwithdismay.v.tomakesb.feelworried,disappointedandupset使（某人）担忧（失望、伤心）bedismayedtodosth./bedismayedatsth.17.He...wasseeinghisworldshrinkandhisoptionsnarrow.He...wasbeginningtorealizethathisworldwasgettingsmallerandhischoicesfewer."Narrow"hereisusedasaverb.Wemusttrytonarrowthedifferenceinincomebetweentherichandthepoorwithoutdelay.Thismightyrivernarrowedtoagorgeofabout50meterswhenitcametothisplacebetweenthemountains.18.internalize:apsychologicaltermmeaning"tomakefaith,values,morals,attitudes,behavior,languageetcpartofyournaturebylearningorassimilatingthemunconsciously"19.modelingforthem:servingasamodelforthem;settinganexampleforthem.Thisexpressionisnotverycommon.20.however,thesemattersarequestionedandinsomecasesrebelledagainst:however,peopleoftenhavedoubtsaboutthesemattersandsometimesopposethemtorebelagainst:toopposeorfightagainstsb.inapositionofauthority造反，反叛Soonerorlater,achildwillrebelagainstthetyrannicalruleofhisfather.Youngpeopletendtorebelagainsttraditionalpractices.Thosewhohadrebelledagainstthegovernmentwereputdown.21.prejudicen.成见；偏见，歧视，反感Hehasaprejudiceinourfavor.他对我们有偏爱。Hehasaprejudiceagainstmodernpoetry.v.使有成见；偏见；对不利，损害Hishonestyprejudicedusinhisfavor.他的诚实使我们对他有好感。Circumstanceshaveprejudicedhismotheragainsthisearlymarriage.YourillegiblehandwritingwillprejudiceyourchancesofpassingtheTEM4.22.peoplefromavarietyofethnicbackgrounds：peoplefrommanydifferentraces.Todaysociologistsoftenprefertheword"ethnic"to"racial",and"ethnicgroup"to"race".Therearedifferencesofcourse.TheHansandtheTibetansarebothChinese,belongingtothesameyellowrace,buttheybelongtotwoethnicgroups.23.beequalto:tobejustasgoodas,Manyofourproductsareequaltothebestintheworld.Itisridiculoustothinkoneraceisnotequaltoanotherbecauseithasadifferentskincolor.24.appointsb.tosth./appointsb.as:tochoosesb.forajoborpositionofresponsibility委任，任命TheyappointedhimascaptainoftheEnglishteam.Shehasbeenrecentlyappointedtothecommittee.Appointtodosth.指定Hewasappointedtorepresenttheclass.(passive)安排、确定时间、地点Adateforthemeetingisstilltobeappointed.25.toseesth./sb.inacertain/new/different/badlight:从一定的/新的/不同的/坏的角度看Whathedidmadeusseehiminanewlight,AfterItookthatcourse,Ibegantoseetheworldinadifferentlight.Inthelightof(BrE)/inlightof(AmE)ifyoudoordecidesth.inthelightofsth.elseyoudoitafterconsideringthatthing根据、鉴于，考虑到Inlightofthetragicnewsaboutourchairman,wehavecancelledthe4thofJulycelebrations.Inthelightofexperiences26.forcertain:certainly;definitely;nodoubt,肯定地，确切地Heisprobablyanaccountant.Idon'tknowforcertain.Ican'tsayforcertainhowmuchthiscarwillcost.Itmustbeintheneighborhoodoftwohundredthousand.27. theyarealsoacquiringnewwaysofassemblingandprocessinginformation.Theyarealsofindingorlearningnewwaysofarranging,organizing,analyzingorunderstandinginformation.Itimpliesthatmereinformationisnotscientifictruth.Scientifictruthrequirestheprocessingofinformation.Incollege,studentswilllearnnewapproaches,methods,andtheorieswhichwillchangemanyoftheirprejudices.28. standback(fromsth.):(1)tomovebackfromaplace往后站，后退Thepoliceorderedthecrowdtostandback.tobesituatedawayfromsth.位于靠后一些的地方不是紧挨着Thehousestandsbackfromtheroad.(3) tothinkaboutasituationasifyouarenotinvolvedinit置身事外（来考虑）It’stimetostandbackandlookatyourcareersofar.★TextAppreciation1.ThemeofthetextCollegeisdesignedtobeatimeofchangesforstudents.Threateningthechangesmaybe,theycontributetoyoungadult