专八2014年真题

TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2014)-GRADEEIGHT-TIMELIMIT:115MINPARTⅠLISTENINGCOMPREHENSION（25MIN）SECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.Youwillhearthemini-lectureONCEONLY.Whilelisteningtothemini-lecture,pleasecompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.Nowlistentothemini-lecture.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTHREEminutestocheckyourwork.SECTIONBINTERVIEWInthissectionyouwillhearONEinterview.TheinterviewwillbedividedintoTWOparts.Attheendofeachpart,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeinterviewandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeaten-secondpause.Duringthepause,youshouldreadthefourchoicesof[A],[B],[C],and[D],andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthequestions.Now,listentoPartOneoftheinterview.1.[A]Iran.[B]Syria.[C]Indonesia.[D]America.2.[A]TolookafterrefugeesinIraq.[B]Todrawattentiontotherefugeecrisis.[C]ToworkforU.N.H.C.R.[D]Toworkoutaplanforrefugees.3.[A]Shewasstronglyopposedtoofficials’opinions.[B]Shethoughtyoungkidsshouldbegivenpriority.[C]Sheproposedthatpoliciesbemadepromptly.[D]Shewasmuchworriedaboutthelackofaction.4.[A]Instabilityandaggression.[B]Economiccrisis.[C]Famine.[D]Death.5.[A]Totakepromptandeffectiveactions.[B]Tosupervisetheconstructionofschools.[C]Toprovidewaterandpowersupply.[D]Topreventinstabilityandaggression.Now,listentoPartTwooftheinterview.6.[A]ThecurrentsituationinIraq.[B]ThepoliticsintheMiddleEast.[C]Refugeesreturningtonormallife.[D]Internationalanddomesticefforts.7.[A]HowtheproblemissettledwillaffecttheentireMiddleEast.[B]Refugeeswanttobesettledandreturntotheirhomes.[C]It’sthegovernment’sgoaltosolvetheproblem.[D]Shespeculatesthatrefugeeproblemwillcauseseriousproblem.8.[A]Becauseshewantedtogetanswersabouttheinternallydisplacedresult.[B]Becauseshewantedtogettheideasabouthowtohelprefugees.[C]Becauseshewantedtowriteapaperaboutrefugees.[D]Becauseshewantedtotellthegovernmentherideasabouthelpingrefugees.9.[A]Becauseshecouldhelpothersknowwheretheproblemswere.[B]BecauseshecouldhelpbringNGOsbacktotheregion.[C]Becauseshecouldtalktodifferentpeoplethere.[D]Becauseshecouldreadtheofficialpapers.免费资源，禁止牟利VX:xiazaipdf10.[A]Setgoalsforthegovernment.[B]Telltheofficialshowtheyshoulddo.[C]Asktheofficialshowtheyaregoingtodo.[D]Askthegovernmenttoreachtheirgoal.PARTⅡREADINGCOMPREHENSION（45MIN）SECTIONAMULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONSInthissectionthereareseveralpassagesfollowedbyfourteenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONEMyclassatHarvardBusinessSchoolhelpsstudentsunderstandwhatgoodmanagementtheoryisandhowitisbuilt.Ineachsession,welookatonecompanythroughthelensesofdifferenttheories,usingthemtoexplainhowthecompanygotintoitssituationandtoexaminewhatactionwillyieldtheneededresults.Onthelastdayofclass,Iaskedmyclasstoturnthosetheoreticallensesonthemselvestofindanswerstotwoquestions:First,HowcanIbesureI’llbehappyinmycareer?Second,HowcanIbesuremyrelationshipswithmyspouseandmyfamilywillbecomeanenduringsourceofhappiness?Herearesomemanagementtoolsthatcanbeusedtohelpyouleadapurposefullife.1USEYOURRESOURCESWISELY.Yourdecisionsaboutallocatingyourpersonaltime,energy,andtalentshapeyourlife’sstrategy.Ihaveabunchof“businesses”thatcompetefortheseresources:I’mtryingtohavearewardingrelationshipwithmywife,raisegreatkids,contributetomycommunity,succeedinmycareer,andcontributetomychurch.AndIhaveexactlythesameproblemthatacorporationdoes.Ihavealimitedamountoftime,energyandtalent.HowmuchdoIdevotetoeachofthesepursuits?Allocationchoicescanmakeyourlifeturnouttobeverydifferentfromwhatyouintended.Sometimesthat’sgood:Opportunitiesthatyouneverplannedforemerge.Butifyoudon’tinvestyourresourceswisely,theoutcomecanbebad.AsIthinkaboutpeoplewhoinadvertentlyinvestedinlivesofhollowunhappiness,Ican’thelpbelievingthattheirtroublesrelatedrightbacktoashort-termperspective.Whenpeoplewithahighneedforachievementhaveanextrahalfhouroftimeoranextraounceofenergy,they’llunconsciouslyallocateittoactivitiesthatyieldthemosttangibleaccomplishments.Ourcareersprovidethemostconcreteevidencethatwe’removingforward.Youshipaproduct,finishadesign,completeapresentation,closeasale,teachaclass,publishapaper,getpaid,getpromoted.Incontrast,investingtimeandenergyinyourrelationshipswithyourspouseandchildrentypicallydoesn’tofferthatsameimmediatesenseofachievement.Kidsmisbehaveeveryday.It’sreallynotuntil20yearsdowntheroadthatyoucansay,“Iraisedagoodsonoragooddaughter.”Youcanneglectyourrelationshipwithyourspouseandonadailybasisitdoesn’tseemasifthingaredeteriorating.Peoplewhoaredriventoexcelhavethisunconsciouspropensitytounderinvestintheirfamiliesandoverinvestintheircareers,eventhoughintimateandlovingfamilyrelationshipsarethemostpowerfulandenduringsourceofhappiness.Ifyoustudytherootcausesofbusinessdisasters,overandoveryou’llfindthispredispositiontowardendeavorsthatofferimmediategratification.Ifyoulookatpersonallivesthroughthatlens,you’llseethatsamestunningandsoberingpattern:peopleallocatingfewerandfewerresourcestothethingstheywouldhaveoncesaidmatteredmost.2CREATEAFAMILYCULTURE.It’sonethingtoseeintothefoggyfuturewithaacuityandchartthecoursecorrectionsacompanymustmake.Butit’squiteanothertopersuadeemployeestolineupandworkcooperativelytotakethecompanyinthatnewdirection.Whenthereislittleagreement,youhavetouse“powertools”—coercion,threats,punishmentsandsoon,tosecurecooperation.Butifemployee’swaysofworkingtogethersucceedoverandover,consensusbeginstoform.Ultimately,peopledon’teventhinkaboutwhethertheirwayyieldssuccess.Theyembraceprioritiesandfollow免费资源，禁止牟利VX:xiazaipdfproceduresbyinstinctandassumptionratherthanbyexplicitdecision,whichmeansthatthey’vecreatedaculture.Culture,incompellingbutunspokenways,dictatestheproven,acceptablemethodsbywhichmembersofagroupaddressrecurrentproblems.Andculturedefinestheprioritygiventodifferenttypesofproblems.Itcanbeapowerfulmanagementtool.Iusethismodeltoaddressthequestion,HowcanIbemyfamilybecomesanenduringsourceofhappiness?Mystudentsquicklyseethatthesimplestwayparentscanelicitcooperationfromchildrenistowieldpowertools.Buttherecomesapointduringtheteenyearswhenpowertoolsnolongerwork.Atthatpoint,parentsstartwishingtheyhadbegunworkingwiththeirchildrenataveryyoungagetobuildacultureinwhichchildreninstinctivelybehaverespectfullytowardoneanother,obeytheirparents,andchoosetherightthingtodo.Familieshavecultures,justacompaniesdo.Thoseculturescanbebuiltconsciously.Ifyouwantyourkidstohavestrongself-esteemandtheconfidencethattheycansolvehardproblems,thosequalitieswon’tmagicallymaterializeinhighschool.Youhavetodesignthemintofamily’sculture,andyouhavetothinkaboutthisveryearlyon.Likeemployees,childrenbuildself-esteembydoingthingsthatarehardandlearningwhatworks.11.Accordingtotheauthor,thekeytosuccessfulallocationofresourcesinyourlifedependsonwhetheryou____.[A]havelong-termplanning[B]canmanageyourtimewell[C]areluckyenoughtohavenewopportunities[D]cansolvebothcompanyandfamilyproblems12.Whatistheroleofthestatement“Ourcareersprovidethemostconcreteevidencethatwe’removingforward”withreferencetothepreviousstatementintheparagraph?[A]Topresentacontrast[B]Toprovideadefinition[C]Toofferfurtherexplanation[D]Toillustratecareerdevelopment13.Accordingtotheauthor,acommoncauseoffailureinbusinessandfamilyrelationshipsis________.[A]lackofplanning[B]short-sightedness[C]shortageofresources[D]decisionbyinstinct14.Oneofthesimilaritiesbetweencompanycultureandfamilycultureisthat________.[A]cultureneedstobenurtured[B]cooperationisthefoundation[C]respectandobediencearekeyelements[D]problem-solvingabilityisessentialPASSAGETWOItwasnearlybedtimeandwhentheyawokenextmorninglandwouldbeinsight.Dr.Macphaillithispipeand,leaningovertherail,searchedtheheavensfortheSouthernCross.Aftertwoyearsatthefrontandawoundthathadtakenlongertohealthanitshould,hewasgladtosettledownquietlyatApia(阿皮亚，西萨摩亚首都)fortwelvemonthsatleast,andhefeltalreadybetterforthejourney.SincesomeofthepassengerswereleavingtheshipnextdayatPago-Pagotheyhadhadalittledancethateveningandinhisearshammeredstilltheharshnotesofthemechanicalpiano.Butthedeckwasquietatlast.AlittlewayoffhesawhiswifeinalongchairtalkingwiththeDavidsons,andhestrolledovertoher.Whenhesatdownunderthelightandtookhishatyousawthathehadveryredhair,withabaldpatchonthecrown,andthered,freckledskinwhichaccompaniesredhair;hewasamanofforty,thin,withapinchedface,preciseandratherpedantic;andhespokewithaScotsaccentinaverylow,quietvoice.BetweentheMacphailsandtheDavidsons,whoweremissionaries,therehadarisentheintimacyofshipboard,whichisduetoproximityratherthantoanycommunityoftaste.Theirchieftiewasthedisapprovaltheysharedofthemenwhospenttheirdaysandnightsinthesmoking-roomplayingpokerorbridgeanddrinking.Mrs.MacphailwasnotalittleflatteredtothinkthatsheandherhusbandweretheonlypeopleonboardwithwhomtheDavidsonswerewillingtoassociate,andeventhedoctor,shybutnofool,halfunconsciouslyacknowledgedthecompliment.Itwasonlybecausehewasofanargumentativemindthatintheircabinatnighthepermittedhimselftocarp(唠叨).免费资源，禁止牟利VX:xiazaipdf‘Mrs.Davidsonwassayingshedidn’tknowhowthey’dhavegotthroughthejourneyifithadn’tbeenforus,’saidMrs.Macphail,assheneatlybrushedouthertransformation(假发).‘Shesaidwewerereallytheonlypeopleontheshiptheycaredtoknow.’‘Ishouldn’thavethoughtamissionarywassuchabigbug(要人、名士)thathecouldaffordtoputonfrills(摆架子).’‘It’snotfrills.Iquiteunderstandwhatshemeans.Itwouldn’thavebeenverynicefortheDavidsonstohavetomixwithallthatroughlotinthesmoking-room.’‘Thefounderoftheirreligionwasn’tsoexclusive,’saidDr.Macphailwithachuckle.‘I’veaskedyouoverandoveragainnottojokeaboutreligion,’answeredhiswife.‘Ishouldn’tliketohaveanaturelikeyours,Alec.Youneverlookforthebestinpeople.’Hegaveherasidelongglancewithhispale,blueeyes,butdidnotreply.Aftermanyyearsofmarriedlifehehadlearnedthatitwasmoreconducivetopeacetoleavehiswifewiththelastword.Hewasundressedbeforeshewas,andclimbingintotheupperbunkhesettleddowntoreadhimselftosleep.Whenhecameondecknextmorningtheywereclosetoland.Helookedatitwithgreedyeyes.Therewasathinstripofsilverbeachrisingquicklytohillscoveredtothetopwithluxuriantvegetation.Thecoconuttrees,thickandgreen,camenearlytothewater’sedge,andamongthemyousawthegrasshousesoftheSamoans(萨摩亚人);andhereandthere,gleamingwhite,alittlechurch.Mrs.Davidsoncameandstoodbesidehim.Shewasdressedinblackandworeroundherneckagoldchain,fromwhichdangledacross.Shewasalittlewoman,withbrown,dullhairveryelaboratelyarranged,andshehadprominentblueeyesbehindinvisiblepince-nez(夹鼻眼镜).Herfacewaslong,likeasheep’s,butshegavenoimpressionoffoolishness,ratherofextremealertness;shehadthequickmovementsofabird.Themostremarkablethingaboutherwashervoice,high,metallic,andwithoutinflection;itfellontheearwithahardmonotony,irritatingtothenerveslikethepitilessclamourofthepneumaticdrill.‘Thismustseemlikehometoyou,’saidDr.Macphail,withhisthin,difficultsmile.‘Oursarelowislands,youknow,notlikethese.Coral.Thesearevolcanic.We’vegotanothertendays’journeytoreachthem.’‘Inthesepartsthat’salmostlikebeinginthenextstreetathome,’saidDr.Macphailfacetiously.‘Well,that’sratheranexaggeratedwayofputtingit,butonedoeslookatdistancesdifferentlyintheJSouthSeas.Sofaryouareright.’Dr.Macphailsighedfaintly.15.ItcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatDr.Macphail________.[A]enjoyedthesoundofthemechanicalpiano[B]preferredquietnesstonoise[C]wasgoingbacktohishometown[D]wantedtobefriendtheDavidsons16.WhichofthefollowingstatementsBESTdescribesMrs.Macphail?[A]Shewasgoodatmakingfriends.[B]Shewaspronetoquarrellingwithherhusband.[C]Shewasskillfulindealingwithstrangers.[D]Shewaseasytogetalongwith.17.AllthefollowingadjectivescanbeusedtodepictMrs.DavidsonEXCEPT________.[A]irritable[B]unapproachable[C]unpleasant[D]arrogant18.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutDr.MacphailisINCORRECT?[A]HemadefunoftheDavidsons.[B]Hewasafraidofhiswife.[C]Hewasintelligent.[D]Hewassociable.PASSAGETHREETodaywemakeroomforaremarkablynarrowrangeofpersonalitystyles.We’retoldthattobegreatistobebold,tobehappyistobesociable.Weseeourselvesasanationofextroverts—whichmeansthatwe’velostsightofwhowereallyare.One-thirdtoone-halfofAmericansareintroverts—intheotherwords,oneoutofeverytwoor免费资源，禁止牟利VX:xiazaipdfthreepeopleyouknow.Ifyou’renotanintrovertyourself,youaresurelyraising,managing,marriedto,orcoupledwithone.Ifthesestatisticssurpriseyou,that’sprobablybecausesomanypeoplepretendtobeextroverts.Closetintrovertspassundetectedonplaygrounds,inhighschoollockerrooms,andinthecorridorsofcorporateAmerica.Somefooleventhemselves,untilsomelifeevent—alayoff,anemptynest,aninheritancethatfreesthemtospendtimeastheylike—joltsthemintotakingstockoftheirtruenatures.Youhaveonlytoraisethissubjectwithyourfriendsandacquaintancestofindthatthemostunlikelypeopleconsiderthemselvesintroverts.Itmakessensethatsomanyintrovertshideevenfromthemselves.WelivewithavaluesystemthatIcalltheExtrovertIdeal—theomnipresentbeliefthattheidealselfisgregarious,alphacomfortableinthespotlight.Thearchetypalextrovertprefersactiontocontemplation,risk-takingtoheed-taking,certaintytodoubt.Hefavorsquickdecisions,evenattheriskofbeingwrong.Sheworkswellinteamsandsocializesingroups.Weliketothinkthatwevalueindividuality,butalltoooftenweadmireonetypeofindividual——thekindwho’scomfortable“puttinghimselfoutthere.”Sure,weallowtechnologicallygiftedlonerswholaunchcompaniesingaragestohaveanypersonalitytheyplease,buttheyaretheexceptions,nottherule,andourtoleranceextendsmainlytothosewhogetfabulouslywealthyorholdthepromiseofdoingso.Introversion—alongwithitscousinssensitivity,seriousness,andshyness—isnowasecond-classpersonalitytrait,somewherebetweenadisappointmentandapathology.IntrovertslivingundertheExtrovertIdealarelikewomeninaman’sworld,discountedbecauseofatraitthatgoestothecoreofwhotheyare.Extroversionisanenormouslyappealingpersonalitystyle,butwe’veturneditintoanoppressivestandardtowhichmostofusfeelwemustconform.TheExtrovertIdealhasbeendocumentedinmanystudies,thoughthisresearchhasneverbeengroupedunderasinglename.Talkativepeople,forexample,areratedassmarter,better-looking,moreinteresting,andmoredesirableasfriends.Velocityofspeechcountsaswellasvolume:werankfasttalkersasmorecompetentandlikablethanslowones.Eventhewordintrovertisstigmatized—oneinformalstudy,bypsychologistLaurieHelgoe,foundthatintrovertsdescribedtheirownphysicalappearanceinvividlanguage,butwhenaskedtodescribegenericintrovertstheydrewablandanddistastefulpicture.ButwemakeagravemistaketoembracetheExtrovertIdealsounthinkingly.Someofourgreatestideas,art,andinventions—fromthetheoryofevolutiontovanGogh’ssunflowerstothepersonalcomputer—camefromquietandcerebralpeoplewhoknewhowtotuneintotheirinnerworldsandthetreasurestobefoundthere.19.TheidealextrovertisdescribedasbeingallthefollowingEXCEPT________.[A]doubtful[B]sociable[C]determined[D]bold20.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsBESTreflectstheauthor’sopinion?[A]Extroversionisarbitraryforcedbysocietyasanormuponpeople.[B]Introversionisseenasaninferiortraitbecauseofitsassociationwithsensitivity.[C]Introvertsaregenerallyregardedaseitherunsuccessfulorasdeficient.[D]Extroversionandintroversionhavesimilarpersonalitytraitprofiles.21.Theauthorwindsupthepassagewitha____note.[A]cautious[B]positive[C]humorous[D]warningPASSAGEFOURSpeakingtwolanguagesratherthanjustonehasobviouspracticalbenefitsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.Butinrecentyears,scientistshavebeguntoshowthattheadvantagesofbilingualismareevenmorefundamentalthanbeingabletoconversewithawiderrangeofpeople.Beingbilingual,itturnsout,makesyousmarter.Itcanhaveaprofoundeffectonyourbrain,improvingcognitiveskillsnotrelatedtolanguageandevenshieldingagainstdementia（痴呆）inoldage.Thisviewofbilingualismisremarkablydifferentfromtheunderstandingofbilingualismthroughmuchofthe免费资源，禁止牟利VX:xiazaipdf20thcentury.Researchers,educatorsandpolicymakerslongconsideredasecondlanguagetobeaninterference,cognitivelyspeaking,thathinderedachild’sacademicandintellectualdevelopment.Theywerenotwrongabouttheinterference:thereisampleevidencethatinabilingual’sbrainbothlanguagesystemsareactiveevenwhenheisusingonlyonelanguage,thuscreatingsituationsinwhichonesystemobstructstheother.Butthisinterference,researchersarefindingout,isn’tsomuchahandicapasablessingindisguise.Itforcesthebraintoresolveinternalconflict,givingthemindaworkoutthatstrengthensitscognitivemuscles.Thecollectiveevidencefromanumberofsuchstudiessuggeststhatthebilingualexperienceimprovesthebrain’sso-calledexecutivefunction—acommandsystemthatdirectstheattentionprocessesthatweuseforplanning,solvingproblemsandperformingvariousothermentallydemandingtasks.Theseprocessesincludeignoringdistractionstostayfocused,switchingattentionwillfullyfromonethingtoanotherandholdinginformationinmind—likerememberingasequenceofdirectionswhiledriving.Whydoesthetusslebetweentwosimultaneouslyactivelanguagesystemsimprovetheseaspectsofcognition?Untilrecently,researchersthoughtthebilingualadvantagestemmedprimarilyfromanabilityforinhibitionthatwashonedbytheexerciseofsuppressingonelanguagesystem:thissuppression,itwasthought,wouldhelptrainthebilingualmindtoignoredistractionsinothercontexts.Butthatexplanationincreasinglyappearstobeinadequate,sincestudieshaveshownthatbilingualsperformbetterthanmonolingualsevenattasksthatdonotrequireinhibition,likethreadingalinethroughanascendingseriesofnumbersscatteredrandomlyonapage.Thekeydifferencebetweenbilingualsandmonolingualsmaybemorebasic:aheightenedabilitytomonitortheenvironment.“Bilingualshavetoswitchlanguagesquiteoften—youmaytalktoyourfatherinonelanguageandtoyourmotherinanotherlanguage,”saysAlbertCosta,aresearcherattheUniversityofPompeaFabrainSpain.“Itrequireskeepingtrackofchangesaroundyouinthesamewaythatwemonitoroursurroundingswhendriving.”InastudycomparingGerman-ItalianbilingualswithItalianmonolingualsincompletingmonitoringtasks,Mr.Costaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatthebilingualsubjectsnotonlyperformedbetter,buttheyalsodidsowithlessactivityinpartsofthebraininvolvedinmonitoring,indicatingthattheywereefficientatit.Thebilingualexperienceappearstoinfluencethebrainfrominfancytooldage,andthereisreasontobelievethatitmayalsoapplytothosewholearnasecondlanguagelaterinlife.22.Accordingtothepassage,themorerecentandoldviewsofbilingualismdiffermainlyin______.[A]itspracticaladvantages[B]perceivedlanguagefluency[C]itsroleincognition[D]itsroleinmedicine23.WhatistheroleofParagraphFourinrelationtoParagraphThree?[A]ItprovidescounterevidencetoParagraphThree.[B]Itoffersanotherexampleoftheroleofinterference.[C]Itservesasatransitionalparagraphinthepassage.[D]ItfurtherillustratesthepointinParagraphThree.24.Whichofthefollowingcanaccountforbetterperformanceofbilingualsindoingnon-inhibitiontasks?[A]Anabilitytoignoredistractions.[B]Anabilitytomonitorsurroundings.[C]Anabilitytoperformwithlesseffort.[D]Anabilitytoexercisesuppression.SECTIONBSHORT-ANSWERQUESTIONSInthissectionthereareeightshort-answerquestionsbasedonthepassagesinSECTIONA.AnswereachquestioninNOmorethan10wordsinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE25.Accordingtotheauthor,whendoesculturebegintoemerge?PASSAGETWO26.WhywasthereintimacyofshipboardbetweentheMacphailsandtheDavidsons?免费资源，禁止牟利VX:xiazaipdfPASSAGETHREE27.Asfaraspersonalitystylesareconcerned,whatisthediscrepancyaccordingtotheauthor?28.Accordingtotheauthor,whoisallowedbyoursocietytohavewhateverpersonalitytheylike?29.WhyisitamistakethatweembracetheExtrovertIdealunthinkingly?PASSAGEFOUR30.Whyistheinterferencenowseenasablessingindisguise?31.Whatisthebrain’sexecutivefunction?32.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?PARTⅢLANGUAGEUSAGE（15MIN）ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:Forawrongword，underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline．Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline．Foranunnecessaryword，crosstheu