华南师范大学《美国文学简史》考研复习题库

考试复习重点资料（最新版）封面第1页资料见第二页PartI.TheLiteratureofColonialAmericaI.FillinthefollowingBlanks.1.ThemostenduringshapinginfluenceinAmericanthoughtandAmericanliteraturewas______.2.AmongthemembersofthesmallbandofJamestownsettlerswas_____,anEnglishsoldieroffortune,whosereportsfoexploratin,publiseedintheearly1600s,havebeendescribedasthefirstdistinctAmericanliteraaturewritteninEnglish.3.AlmostahundredyearsearliertheCaribbeanIslands,Mexicl,andotherpartsofCentralandSouthAmericawereoccupiedbythe_____.4.Theterm"Puritan"wasappliedtothosesettlerswhooriginallyweredevoutmembersoftheChurchof_____.5._____Collegewasestablishedin1636,withaprintingpresssetupnearlyin1639.6.AmongallthesettlersintheNewContinent,_____settlerswerethemostinfluential.7.ThefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericawasestablishedat_____,Virginia.8._____wasafamousexplorerandcolonist.HeestablishedJamestown.9.Inthebook_____JohnSmithwrotethat"herenatureandlibertyaffordusthatfreelywhichinEnglandwewant,oritcostsusdearly."10.GenearlHistoryofVirginiacontainsSmith'smostfamoustaleofhowtheIndianprincessnamed_____savedhimfromthewrathofherfather.11.Hardwork,thrift,pietyandsobriety,thesewerethe_____valuesthatdominatedmuchoftheearlyAmericanwriting.12.TheAmericanpoetswhoemergedintheseventeenthcenturyadaptedthestyleofestablishedEuropeanpoetstothesubjectmattercomfronledinaslrang,newenvironment.__________Bradstreetwasonesuchpoet.13.WilliamBradfordhimselfusedaword"________"todescribethecommunityofbelieverswhosailedfromSouthampton,England,ontheMayflowerandsettledinPlymouth,Massachusettsin1620.14.In1620,____________waselectedGovernorofPlymouth,Massachusetts.15.From1621untilhisdeath,___________probablypossessedmorepowerthananyothercolonialgovernor.16.WilliamBradford'swork___________consistsoftwobooks.ThefirstbookdealswiththepersecutionsoftheSeptuaEiatemScrooby,England,andihesecondbookdcscribesthesigningofthe"Compact".17.TheHistory-ofNewEnglandisapricelessgiftleftusby_______.18.__________wrotehismostimpressivewortTheMagnaliaCkristiAmerica.19.ThewriterwhobestexpressedthePuritanfaithinthecolonialperiodwas_______20.ThePuritanphilosophyknownas________wasimportantinNewEnglandduringcolonialtime,andhadaprofoundinfluenceontheearlyAmericanmindforseveralgenerations.21.ManyPuritanswroteverse,buttheworkoftwowriters,AnneBradsLiteland_________,roseloJhelevelofrealpoetry.22.ArepresentativesermonATrueStgkiofSinis____________'smainwork.23.Beforehisdeath,_________hadgainedapositionasAmerica;sfirstsystematicphilosopher.24.JonathanEdwards'smasterpieceis____________.25.TheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmericaisacollectionofpoemscomposedby__________.26._________'sbestverseistobefoundinajuriescalled"PreparatoryMeditations".27.TheDayofDoom,along-standingbest-sellerbothinAmerieaandinEngland,writtenby________.28.CharlesBiuckdenBrown'sfirstnovel______________,or___________hasbeenregardedasthefirstAmericannovel.29.Withhiselaboratemetaphors,__________wasreminiscentofRichaidCrashawandGeorgeHerbertinEngland.II.Decidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse.1.Earlyintheseventeenthcentury,theEnglishsettlementsinVirginiaandMassachusettsbeganthemainstreamofwhatwerecognizeastheAmericannationalhistory.2.ThefirstwritingsthatwecallAmericanwerethenarrativesandjournalsoftheearlysettlements.3.ThecoloniesthatbecamethefirstUnitedStateswereforthemostpartEnglish.4.AmongtheearliestsettlerswereFrenchmenwhosettledintheNorthernColoniesandalongtheSt.LawrenceRiver.5.In1620anumberofPuritanscametosettleinVirginia.6.Americanliteratureistheoldestofallnationalliterature.7.Georgia,Carolina,Virginia,Maryland,NewYork,NewEngland,allwerenamedafterFrenchmonarchsandlands.8.JohnWinthrop'sreportsofexploration,publishedintheearly1600s,havebeenregardedasthefirstdistinctAmericanliteraturewritteninEnglish.9.CaptainJohnSmith'sdescriptionsofAmericawerefilledwiththemes,myths,images,scenes,characters,andeventsthatwereafoundationforthenation'sliterature.10.JohnSmithportrayedNorthAmericaasalandofendlessbounty.11.ThewritersoftheSouthernandMiddleColonieswhofollowedJohnSmithalsomadetheirgreatcontributiontoearlyAmericanliterature,especiallyinthe18thcentury.12.In1612,WilliamBradfordpublishedinEnglandabookcalledAMapofVirginia;Withadescriptionofthecountry.13.CaptainJohnSmithusuallywasregardedasthefirstAmericanwriter.14.CaptainJohnSmith'sbookAMapofVirginia;WithaDescriptionoftheCountrywasaguidetothecountryandinvitationtotheboldspirits.15.JohnSmithpublishedeightbooksinall;ADescriptionofNewEnglandisoneofthem.16.ThePuritansinNewEnglandembracedhardships,togetherwiththedisciplineofaharshchurch.17.TheseventeenthcenturyAmericanpoetsadaptedthestyleofestablishedEuropeanpoetstothesubjectmatterconfrontedinastrangelynewenvironment.18.MayflowerinAmericanhistoryisthenameofaflower.19.TheearlyhistoryofPlymouthColonywasthehistoryofBradford'sleadership.20."MayflowerCompact"wasacivilcovenantdesignedtoallowthetemporalstatetoservethegodlycitizen.21.CottonMatherwasaninexhaustiblewriter,producingmorethanfivehundredbooksonanincrediblevarietyofsubjects.22.MostofthereligiouswritingsinthecoloniesweredonebypersonswholivedinNewEngland.23.ThePuritanswereoriginallyagroupofpeoplewhoseparatedfromthechurchofEnglandinthereignsofQueenElizabethandKingJamesI.24.ManyofthePuritansmigratedtothecoloniesinordertofindfreedomfromreligiouspersecution.25.Todaycolonialreligiouswritingisofnogreatvalue.26.SomewhereinthemiddleoftheAtlanticOceanWinthropdeliveredhissermonAModelofChristianCharity.Itbecamehisimportantwork.27.JohnCottonwasregardedasthemosteminentandadmiredministerinthefirstgenerationofNewEnglandPuritans.28.CottonMatherwasthegrandsonofJohnCotton.29.LikeJohnEliot,whotranslatedtheBibleintotheIndiantongue,RogerWilliamswasinterestedintheIndianlanguage.30.OneofRogerWilliams'sworkswasAKeyintotheLanguageofAmerica.31.RogerWilliamsisimportantnotonlyforhispoliticalviewsbutalsoforhisreligiousbeliefs.32.ThebestofPuritanpoetswasEdwardTaylor,whosecompleteeditionofpoemsappearedin1960,morethantwohundredyearsafterhisdeath.33.ThewriterwhobestexpressedthePuritansenseoftheselfisThomasHooker.34.MichaelWigglesworth'spoeticoutputwassizable,andmuchofitwascrowdedwithdirewarnings.35.Before1750theAmericannewspaperswereculturalandliteraryinnature,butafter1750,theybecamemorepolitical.III.Makemultiplechoices.1.EnglishliteratureintheAmericaisonlyaboutmorethan________yearsold.A.500B.400C.200D.1002.TheestablisherofJamestownwasthefamousexplorerandcolonist____________.A.JohnWinthropB.JohnSmithC.WilliamBradfordD.JohnGoodwin3.ThePuritandominatingvalueswere___________.A.hardworkB.thriftC.pietyD.sobriety4.Theearlyhistoryof___________ColonywasthehistoryofBradford'sleadership.A.PlymouthB.JamestownC.NewEnglandD.Mayflower5.ChoosethosenamesthatwerenamedafterEnglishmonarchorland.A.GeorgiaB.NewYorkC.CarolinaD.NewHampshire6.__________usuallywasregardedasthefirstAmericanwriter.A.WilliamBradfordB.AnneBradstreetC.EmilyDickinsonD.CaptainJohnSmith7.WhichstatementaboutCottonMatherisnottrue?A.HewasagreatPuritanhistorian.B.Hewasaninexhaustiblewriter.C.Hewasaskillfulpreacherandaneminenttheologian.D.HewasagraduateofOxfordCollege.8.JonathanEdwards'bestandmostrepresentativesermonwas____.A.ATrueSightofSinB.SinnersintheHandsofanAngryGodC.AModelofChristianCharityD.God'sDeterminations9.Whichwriterisnotapoet?A.MichaelWigglesworthB.AnneBradstreetC.EdwardTaylorD.ThomasHooker10.ThecommonthreadthroughoutAmericanliteraturehasbeentheemphasisonthe__________.A.RevolutionismB.ReasonC.IndividualismD.Rationalism11.AnneBradstreetwasaPuritanpoet.HerpoemsmadesuchastirinEnglandthatshebecameknownasthe"________"whoappearedinAmerica.A.NinthMuseB.TenthMuseC.BestMuseD.FirstMuse12.Theship"__________"carriedaboutonehundredPilgrimsandtook66daystobeatitswayacrosstheAtlantic.InDecemberof1620,itputthePilgrimsashoreatPlymouth,Massachusetts.A.SunflowerB.ArmadaC.MayflowerD.PequodIV.Identifythefragments.Iheardthemerrygrasshopperthensing,Theblack-cladcricketbearasecondpart;Theykeptonetuneandplayedonthesamestring.Seemingtogloryintheirlittleart.Smallcreaturesabjectthustheirvoicesraise,AndintheirkindresoundtheirMaker'spraise,WhilstI,asmute,canwarbleforthnohigherlays?Questions:1.Thisistheninthofthe"Contemplations"writtenbyanearlyAmericanwomanwriter.Whatishername?2.Makeabriefcommentonthisshortpoem.HuswiferyMakeme,OLord,thyspinningwheelcomplete.Thyholywordmydistaffmakeforme.Makemineaffectionsthyswiftflyersneat,Andmakemysoulthyholyspooltobe.Myconversationmaketobethyreel,Andreeltheyamthereonspunofthywheel.Questions:1.Identifythepoetofthispoem.2.Makeabriefcommentonthispoem.V.Answerthequestions.1.WhatisthesignificanceofAmericanPuritanisminAmericanliterature?2.CommentbrieflyonCharlesBrokdenBrown'scontributiontoAmericannovel.KeystoPartI.I.Fillintheblanks:1.AmericanPuritanism2.CaptainJohnSmith3.Spanish4.England5.Harvard6.English7.Jamestown8.CaptainJohnSmith9.ADescriptionofNewEngland10.Pocahontas11.Puritan12.Anne13.Pilgrims14.WilliamBradford15.WilliamBradford16.Mayflower17.JohnWinthrop18.CottonMather19.JohnWinthrop20.Puritanism21.EdwardTaylor22.ThomasHooker23.JonathanEdwards24.FreedomoftheWill25.AnneBradstreet26.EdwardTaylor27.MichaelWiggleworth28.Wieland,TheTransformation;AnAmericanTale29.EdwardTaylorII.Decidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse:1.T2.T3.T4.T5.F(Virginia—Massachusetts)6.F(oldest—youngest)7.F(French——English)8.F(JohnWinthrop's—CaptainJohnSmith's)9.T10.T11.T12.F(WilliamBradford—JohnSmith)13.T14.T15.T16.T17.T18.F(flower—ship)19.T20.T21.T22.T23.T24.T25.T26.T27.T28.T29.T30.T31.T32.T33.T34.T35.TIII.Makemultiplechoices：1.C2.B3.ABCD4.A5.ABCD6.D7.D8.B9.D10.C11.B12.CIV.Identifythefragments.PassageOne1.AnneBradstreet.2.ThisshortpoemoffersthereaderaninsightintothementalityoftheearlyPuritanpioneeringinanewworld.Whenshe,thepoet,heardthegrasshopperandthecricketsing,shethoughtofthisastheirpraisingtheircreatorandsearchedherownsoulaccordingly.Itisevidentthatshesawsomethingmetaphysicalinheringinthephysical,amodeofperceptionwhichwassingularlyPuritan.PassageTwo1.EdwardTaylor.2.Thepoemindicatesthatthepoetsawreligioussignificanceinasimpledailyincidentlikeahousewifespinning.Thespinningwheel,thedistaff,theflyers,thespool,thereelandtheyarnhaveallacquiredametaphoricalsignificanceinthesymbolic,PuritaneyesofEdwardTaylor.V.Answerthequestions.Questionone:ThefirstsettlerswhobecamethefoundingfathersoftheAmericannationwerequiteafewofthePuritans.TheycarriedwiththemtoAmericaacodeofvalues,aphilosophyoflife,andapointofview,which,intime,tookrootintheNewWorldandbecamewhatispopularlyknownasAmericanPuritanism.ItwasoneofthemostenduringshapinginfluencesinAmericanliterature.Ithasbecome,tosomeextent,somuchastateofmind,ratherthanasetoftenets,somuchapartofnationalculturalatmospherethattheAmericansbreathe,thatwemaystatewithadegreeofsafetythat,withoutsomeunderstandingofPuritanism,therecanbenorealunderstandingofAmericancultureandliterature.TheAmericanPuritanswereidealists,believingthattheChurchshouldberestoredtothe"Purity".TheybelievedthattheywereGod'schosenpeopleenjoyingHisblessingsonthisearthasinheaven.IthasbeenacriticalcommonplacethattheAmericanliterature—orAnglo-Americanliterature—isbasedonamyth,thatis,theBiblicalmythoftheGardenofEden.ThePuritansdreamedoflivingunderaperfectorderandworkedwithindomitablecourageandconfidenthopetowardbuildinganewGardenofEdeninAmerica.Firedwithsuchasenseofmission,thePuritanslookedateventheworstoflifeinthefacewithatremendousamountofoptimism.Allthiswent,induetime,intothemakingofAmericanliterature.TheoptimisticPuritanhasexertedagreatinfluenceonAmericanliterature.TheAmericanPuritan'smetaphoricalmodeofperceptionwaschieflyinstrumentalincallingintobeingaliterarysymbolismwhichisdistinctlyAmerican.Puritandoctrineandliterarypracticecontributedtonosmallextenttothedevelopmentofanindigenoussymbolism.Withregardtotechnique,onenaturallythinksofthesimplicity,whichcharacterizesthePuritanstyleofwriting.Thestyleisfresh,simpleanddirect;therhetoricisplainandhonest,withoutatouchofnobilityoftentraceabletothedirectinfluenceoftheBible.AllthishasleftanindelibleimprintonAmericanwriting.ThusAmericanPuritanismhasbeen,byandlarge,ahealthylegacytotheAmericans.QuestionTwo:AlthoughBrownwasbasicallyanimitator,hedidafewthingsforwhichhehasbeenremembered.Oneofthesewashisawarenessthathisinspirationwasrootedinhisownland,itsnewlifeandenergywhich,hefelt,offerthewriterswithareasofexplorationdifferentfromEuropeansubjects.AnotherthingofhistoricsignificancethatBrowndidwashisdescriptionofhischaracters'innerworld.SomeofhisearlywritingsindicateBrown'sconsciousnessofthecomplexityofthehumanemotionalspectrum.Brownexploredtheemotionalworldofhischaractersandfoundthatmanisnotalwayscontrolledbyreasonandthatsensualexperiences,passionandillusionallimpacthumanthinkingandemotionalresponses.Hewasawarethatthesubconsciousismysticandunfathomableandthatartisanecessarymediumtoexternalizethedeeperimpulsesofthehumanpsyche.Inamannerofspeaking,Brown'sworkscanbereadaspsychologicalnovels.BrownisfoundwantingindepthandscopewhencomparedwithauthorssuchasEdgarAllenPoeandNathanielHawthorne,butitwasimportantthathetookthatroadfirst.PartII.TheLiteratureofReasonandRevolutionI.Fillintheblanks.1.TheWarofIndependencelastedeightyearstill_____.2.TheUnitedStatesofAmericawasfoundedin_____.3.BenjaminFranklinalsoeditedthefirstcolonialmagazine,whichhecalled_____.4.BenjaminFranklin'sbestwritingisfoundinhismasterpiece________.5.ThomasPaine,withhisnaturalgiftforpamphleteeringandrebellion,wasappropriatelybornintoanageof____________.6.OnJanuary10,1776,ThomasPaine'sfamouspamphlet________appeared.7.AseriesofsixteenpamphletsbyThomasPainewasentitled_____________.8.ThomasPaine'ssecondmostimportantwork_____________wasanimpassionedpleaagainsthereditarymonarchy.9.ThemostoutstandingpoetinAmericaofthe18thcenturywas_____________.10.PhilipFreneau'sfamouspoem____________waswrittenabouthisimprisonedexperience.11.___________wasconsideredasthe"poetoftheAmericanRevolution."12._________hasbeencalledthe"FatherofAmericanPoetry."13.In1791,probablywithThomasJefferson'ssupport,___________establishedinPhiladelphiatheNationalGazette.14.InAmericanliterature,theeighteenthcenturywasanAgeof_________andRevolution.15.TheCalvinistbeliefsbroughtabouttheGreatAwakeningduringthe1730sand1740s._________wasthemostinfluentialamongthebelievers.16.JonathanEdwards'workImagesorShadowsofDivineThingsanticipatedthenaturesymbolismof___________inthe19thcentury.wesayJonathanEdwardsrepresentstheupperlevelsoftheAmericanmind,_________representsthelowerlevels.II.Decidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse.1.TheWarofIndependencelastedforeightyearsandendedintheformationofaFederativebourgeoisdemocraticrepublic,thatis,theUnitedStatesofAmerica.2.TheWarofIndependencewasarevolution,butitwasthebourgeoisiethatreapeditsfruits.Therulersofthenewstatewerehostiletothelaboringpeople.3.AttheinitialperiodthespreadofideasoftheAmericanEnlightenmentwaslargelyduetojournalism.4.BenjaminFranklinseemedtorepresenttheageofreasonandrevolutioninhisparadoxicalfaithinbothsocialorderandinnaturalrights,inloveofstabilityanddevotiontorevolutionarychange.5.BenjaminFranklinwasaprosestylistwhosewritingreflectedtheneoclassicidealsofclarity,restraint,simplicityandbalance.6.BenjaminFranklinwastheepitomeoftheEnlightenment,theversatile,practicalembodimentofrationalmaninthe18thcentury.7.InPhiladelphia,BenjaminFranklineditedPennsylvaniaMagazine,andcontributedtoPennsylvaniaJournal.8.CommonSenseboldlyadvocatedaDeclarationofIndependence.9.ForthepamphletCommonSense,ThomasPainewaschargedwithtreasonandfledtoFrance,wherehewasmadeacitizen.10.ThomasPainealsoeditedthefirstcolonialmagazineTheGeneralMagazine.11.PhilipFreneauwasthemostimportantwriterinAmericanpoetryoftheeighteenthcentury.12.Americanpoetryoftheeighteenthcenturyhasanimitativecharacter,imitatingthereigningEnglishmodelsoftheeighteenthcentury.13.PhilipFreneauwasaclosefriendandpoliticalassociateofPresidentThomasJefferson.14.PhilipFreneauwasoncecapturedbytheBritishandspentsometimeonaprisonship.15.PhilipFreneauwroteimpassionedverseinsupportoftheAmericanRevolution.16.LikeThomasPaine,PhilipFreneauwasastrongsupporteroftheFrenchRevolution.17.PhilipFreneauwasnoteworthyfirstbecauseofthenatureofhispoems.TheyweretrulyAmericanandverypatriotic.Inthisaspect,hereflectedthespiritofhisage.18.PhilipFreneauwasneoclassicalbytrainingandtasteyetromanticinessentialspirit.19.MostAmericanliteratureintheeighteenthcenturywaspolitical.20.Duringthe1770snooneinAmericacouldclaimtobeaprofessionalnovelist,poet,orplaywright.III.Makemultiplechoices.1.InAmericanliterature,theeighteenthcenturywastheageoftheEnlightenment._________wasthedominantspirit.A.HumanismB.RationalismC.RevolutionD.Evolution2.InAmericanliterature,theEnlightenerswereopposedto________.A.thecolonialorderB.religiousobscurantismC.thePuritantraditionD.thesecularliterature3.TheEnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericaroseinarmsagainsttheirparentcountryandtheContinentalCongressadopted____________in1776.A.theDeclarationofIndependenceB.theSugarActC.theStampActD.theMayflowerCompact4.WhichstatementaboutBenjaminFranklinisnottrue?A.Heinstructedhiscountrymenasaprinter.B.Hewasascientist.C.Hewasamasterofdiplomacy.D.HewasaPuritan.5.ThesecularidealsoftheAmericanEnlightenmentwereexemplifiedinthelifeandcareerof___________.A.ThomasHoodB.BenjaminFranklinC.ThomasJeffersonD.GeorgeWashington6.WhichofthefollowingstirredtheworldandhelpedformtheAmericanrepublic?A.TheAmericanCrisisB.TheFederalistC.DeclarationofIndependenceD.TheWasteLand7.BenjaminFranklinwastheepitomeofthe____________.A.AmericanEnlightenmentB.SugarActC.ChartistmovementD.Romanticist8.From1732to1758,BenjaminFranklinwroteandpublishedhisfamous__________,anannalcollectionofproverbs.A.TheAutobiographyB.PoorRichard'sAlmanacC.CommonSenseD.TheGeneralMagazine9.WhichisnotconnectedwithThomasPaine?A.CommonSenseB.TheAmericanCrisisC.PennsylvaniaMagazineD.TheAutobiography10.ChoosetheworkswrittenbyThomasPaine.A.RightsofManB.TheAgeofReasonC.AgrarianJusticeD.CommonSenseE.TheAmericanCrisis1l.ThefirstpamphletpublishedinAmericatourgeimmediateindependencefromBritainis__________.A.TheRightsofManB.CommonSenseC.TheAmericanCrisisD.DeclarationofIndependence12."Thesearethetimesthattrymen'ssouls",thesewordswereoncereadtoGeorgeWashington'stroopsanddidmuchtoshoreupthespiritsoftherevolutionarysoldiers.Whoistheauthorofthesewords?A.BenjaminFranklinB.ThomasJeffersonC.ThomasPaineD.GeorgeWashington13.WhichstatementaboutPhilipFreneauistrue?A.Hewasasatirist.B.Hewasapamphleteer.C.Hewasapoet.D.Hewasabitterpolemicist.14.WhichpoemisnotwrittenbyPhilipFreneau?A.TheBritishPrisonShipB.TheWildHoneySuckleC.TheIndianBuryingGroundD.TheDayofDoom15.Whowasconsideredasthe"PoetofAmericanRevolution"?A.MichaelWigglesworthB.EdwardTaylorC.AnneBradstreetD.PhilipFreneau16.ItwasnotuntilJanuary1776thatawidelyheardpublicvoicedemandedcompleteseparationfromEngland.Thevoicewasthatof________,whosepamphletCommonSense,withitsheatedlanguage,increasedthegrowingdemandforseparation.A.ThomasPaineB.ThomasJeffersonC.GeorgeWashingtonD.PatrickHenry17.DuringtheReasonandRevolutionPeriod,AmericanswereinfluencedbytheEuropeanmovementcalledthe____________.A.ChartistMovementB.RomanticistMovementC.EnlightenmentMovementD.ModernistMovement18.ThomasJefferson'sattitude,thatis,afirmbeliefinprogress,andthepursuitofhappiness,istypicaloftheperiodwenowcall_________.A.AgeofEvolutionB.AgeofReasonC.AgeofRomanticismD.AgeofRegionalism19.__________carriesthevoicenotofanindividualbutofawholepeople.ItismorethanwritingoftheRevolutionaryperiod,itdefinedthemeaningoftheAmericanRevolution.A.CommonSenseB.TheAmericanCrisisC.DeclarationofIndependenceD.DefenceoftheEnglishPeople20.BenjaminFranklinshapedhiswritingafterthe______________oftheEnglishessayistsJosephAddisonandRichardSteele.A.SpectatorPapersB.WaldenC.NatureD.TheSacredWoodIV.Identifythefragments.PassageOneThesearethetimesthattrymen'ssouls:Thesummersoldierandthesunshinepatriotwillinthiscrisis,shrinkfromtheserviceoftheircountry;buthet