英语国家社会与文化入门unit 8 British Foreign Relations

BritishForeignRelationsBritishForeignRelationsBritainThenandNowTheFoundationsofBritain'sforeignpolicyHowForeignPolicyisMadeBritainandInternationalInstitutionBritainandtheUnitedStatesBritishSecurityandDefencePolicyBritainThenandNowThegloryofBritishempireTheinfluenceofSecondWorldWarcouldnolongeraffordtomaintainitsempiretheBritishrealizedcountriesshouldbegrantedtheindependence.Theindependenceofitsformercolonies.1946Jordan1947IndiaandPakistan1948BurmaandCeylon[si'lɔn](Srilanka)BritainThenandNowThegloryofBritishempireTheinfluenceofSecondWorldWarcouldnolongeraffordtomaintainitsempiretheBritishrealizedcountriesshouldbegrantedtheindependence.Theindependenceofitsformercolonies.1946Jordan1947IndiaandPakistan1948BurmaandCeylon[si'lɔn](Srilanka)BritainThenandNowTodaytheageofBritishimperialismisgone.itstillhadabiginfluenceonthepostwarinternationalorder.Medium-sizedEuropeancountryUNSecurityCouncilSomeformercolonies(AustraliaandCanada)stilllookedtoBritainasthecenteroftheirpoliticalandculturalworld.IndependentUncleardeterrent[di'tə:rənt]andadvancedarmyforcesTheBritisheconomyranksabout6intheworld.II.thefoundationsofBritishforeignpolicyThecontemporaryforeignpolicyoftheUKisgreatlyinfluencedbyitsimperialhistoryandalsobyitsgeopoliticaltraits.II.thefoundationsofBritishforeignpolicyItsImperialHistoryAsBritainlostitsempiresorecently,Britishpolicy-makerswhoretainveryconservativeandtraditionalviewsofBritain’sroleasaworldpowerfrequentlyforgetthatBritainisnotasinfluentialasitusedtobeinworldaffairs.Example:UnclearweaponconstructionII.thefoundationsofBritishforeignpolicyItsGeopoliticalTraitsAnotherdecisiveinfluenceuponthewayBritainhandlesitsexternalaffairsisgeopolitical.AsBritainisanisland,Britainquitenaturallydevelopedasanationofseafarerswhoroamedthegloballookingforterritoryandeconomicopportunity.Example:CanadaforfurtradeAustraliaforsettlingcriminalsChinafornationaldrinkandtea.Ithascreatedasenseofisolationinitssubjects.III.HowforeignpolicyismadeThePrimeMinisterandCabinetTheMinistryofDefenseTheDepartmentofTradeandIndustryTheTreasuryIII.HowforeignpolicyismadeThePrimeMinisterandCabinetdecideonthegeneraldirectionofBritain’sforeignpolicy.TheMinistryofDefenceisresponsibleforensuringBritain'sdefenceandmaintainingBritain'sinvolvementinitsmilitarytreatycommitmentsIII.HowforeignpolicyismadeTheDepartmentofTradeandIndustryisconcernedwithformulatinginternationaltradepolicyandmanagingBritishcommercialrelationswithothercountries.TheTreasurymakesdecisionsonhowmuchmoneyotherdepartmentscanhaveeachyear.IV.BritainandInternationalInstitutionsBritainisoneofthefivepermanentmembersoftheUNSecurityCouncil—Russia,China,theUS,FranceandtheUK.ItisthesixthlargestcontributortotheUN’sbudget.BritainisthememberoftheEU.ItjoinedtheEECin1973,whichhasbeencalledEuropeanUnionsince1993.thedecisiontojointheEECwasanaturalonegiventhatBritisheconomic,politicalandmilitaryinterestswerealreadydeeplyboundupwithotherEuropeancountries.IV.BritainandInternationalInstitutionsBritainisalsoamemberoftheCommonwealth,avoluntaryassociationofstateswhichismadeupofmostlyformerBritishcolonies.Thereare50membersoftheCommonwealthincludingdevelopingcountriessuchasIndiaandCyprusandadvancedindustrialcountriessuchasAustralia,CanadaandNewZealand.IV.BritainandInternationalInstitutionsThekeystoneofBritishdefencepolicyisitsparticipationintheNATOwassetupin1949.95%ofBritain’sdefenceexpendituregoestomeetingNATOrequirements.thepurposeofNATOistoprotectmemberstatesagainstaggression,toprovideafoundationforsecurityinEurope,andtoprovideaforumfortransatlanticdefensecooperation.V.BritainandtheUnitedStatesAnothermajorfactorwhichinfluencesBritishforeignpolicyisitsrelationshipwiththeUnitedstates.Reasons:DuringWorldWarII,thetwocountrieswerecloselyalliedandcontinuedtoworktogethercloselyinthepostwaryears,becausetheyhadmanythingsincommonaboutthepastandtheworldsituation.Eventoday,BritishandAmericanpolicy-makerssharethegeneralideasinmanyrespects.V.BritainandtheUnitedStatestheSuezCrisisduring1956TheBritisharebeginningtorealizethattheirownforeignpolicyactionscanbelimitedbytheUS.Afterwardbothsideshaveworkedhardtomaintainthe“specialrelationship.V.BritainandtheUnitedStatesPresentAdvantageAsanoutpostofanAmerican-controlledmilitarybloc,BritainhostsalargeAmericanmilitarypresence(63)aswellastheNATOnucleardeterrent.VI.BritishSecurityandDefencePolicyBritainspendsmoremoneyondefencethanmostotherdevelopednationsanditsisthe3rdlargestspenderintheworldandisranked5thor6thintermsofitsmilitarypower.Britainisamemberofnuclear“club”VI.BritishSecurityandDefencePolicy BritainwasproudtobeinvitedtoleadthenewlyestablishedRapidReactionCorps:theRRCisaland-basedforcerecentlyestablishedbytheNATO.Thepurposeoftheestablishmentofthisforceistoprovideanearlymilitaryresponsetoacrisis.VI.BritishSecurityandDefencePolicy SinceBritainisatraditionalseapower,it’snotsurprisingthatBritainhas3or4nuclear-armedsubmarines.Thankyou.