年屠宰生猪1.8万头生产线项目

tired so they pet out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping-bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping-bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!   Lesson28 No parking 禁止停车 Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with motorists. when he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up' No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. Jasper hopes that she will turn motorists to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!   Lesson29 Taxi! 出租汽车！ Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service. The 'taxi' is a small Swiss aeroplane called a 'Pilatus Porter'. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. Captain Fawcett's first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.   Lesson30  Football or polo? 足球还是水球？ The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them. The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. I turned to look at the children, but there weren't any in sight: they had all run away! The man laughed when he realized what had happened. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.    Lesson31 Success story 成功者的故事 Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Frank is now the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1938 he bought a small work-shop of his own. During the war Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. By the end of the war, the small work-shop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their son's bicycle!    Lesson32 Shopping made easy 购物变得很方便 People are not so honest as they once were. The temptation to steal is greater than ever before--especially in large shops. A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop-assistant was her daughter. The girl' gave' her mother a free dress once a week !   lesson33 Out of the darkness 冲出黑暗 Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.   Lesson34 Quick work 破案“神速” Ted Robinson has been worried all the week. Last Tuesday he received a letter  from the local police. In the letter he was asked to call at the station. Ted wondered  why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried any more. At the station, he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. It is now being sent to his home by train. Ted was most surprised when he heard the news. He was  amused too, because he never expected the bicycle to be found. It was stolen twenty years ago when Ted was a boy of fifteen !   Lesson35  Stop thief! 捉贼！ Rov Trenton used to drive a taxi. A short while ago, however, he became a bus-driver and he was not regretted it. He is finding his new work far more exciting. When he was driving along Catford Street recently, he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car. One of them was carrying a bag full of money. Roy acted quickly and drove the bus straight at the thieves. The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag. As the thieves were trying to get away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the back of it. While the battered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police. The thieves' car was badly damaged and easy to recognize. Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were arrested.    Lesson36 Across the Channel 横渡海峡 Erna Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow. She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning. Erna is only fourteen years old and she hopes lo set up a new world record. She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed. Erna's father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr Hart has trained his daughter for years. Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. Erna intends to take short rests every two hours. She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. Most of Erna's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. Among them will be Erna's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.   Lesson37 The Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会 The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time. As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a fine new swimming pool. 'They will also be building new roads and a special railway-line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called 'Olympic City'. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fine modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.   Lesson38 Everything except the weather 惟独没有考虑到天气 My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.   Lesson39 Am I all right? 我是否痊愈？ While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so. The following day, the patient asked for a bedside   telephone. When he was alone, he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington. When the doctor answered the phone, Mr Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr John Gilbert. He asked if Mr Gilbert's operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been. He then asked when Mr Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks. Then Dr Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient.' No,' the patient answered,' I am Mr John Gilbert.'      Lesson40 Food and talk 进餐与交谈 Last week at a dinner-party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs Rumbold. Mrs Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation.   ' A new play is coming to" The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it ?' ' No,' she answered. 'Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year ?' I asked. ' No,' she answered. ' Will you be staying in England?' I asked. ' No,' she answered.   In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner.  ' Young man,' she answered,' if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner !'    lesson41 Do you call that a hat? 你把那个叫帽子吗？ 'Do you call that a hat ?' I said to my wife. 'You needn't be so rude about it,' my wife answered as she looked at herself in the mirror. I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited. We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror. ' We mustn't buy things we don't need,' I remarked suddenly. I regretted saying it almost at once. 'You needn't have said that,' my wife answered.' I need not remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.'  ' I find it beautiful,' I said. 'A man can never have too into the cave hoping to find buried treasure. The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground. Very excited, the party dug a hole two feet deep. They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless. The party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk. In spite of this, many people are confident that 'The Revealer' may reveal something of value fairly soon.   Lesson56 Faster than sound! 比声音还快！ Once a year a race is held for old cars. A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began. One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. The most unusual car was a Benz which had only three wheels. Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part. After a great many loud explosions, the race began. Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them ! 建设项目基本情况 项目名称 年屠宰1.8万头生猪生产线项目 建设单位 河南省XX县食品公司屠宰场 法人代表 刘 永 民 联系人 刘 永 民 通讯地址 河南 省（自治区、直辖市） XX （县） 联系电话 13839871285 传 真 邮政编码 472200 建设地点 XX县东明镇石龙头村 立项审批部门 批准文号 建设性质 新建□改扩建■技改□ 行业类别及代码 畜禽屠宰业 C1351 占地面积 （平方米） 3647.39 绿化面积 （平方米） 700 总投资 （万元） 40 其中：环保投资（万元） 10 环保投资占 总投资比例 25% 评价经费 （万元） 预期投产日期 2008年 1 月 工程 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 及规模： 1 项目由来 随着经济快速发展, XX县居民消费水平不断提高, 生猪日宰量从80年的10多头增加到现在的50头, 宰猪量的大幅度增加, 使原屠宰场在建设规模、场内设施、操作技术、污水处理、肉品卫生等方面均不能达到要求, 而且原屠宰场设在居民住宅区或学校附近, 影响了周围居民的休息并严重污染环境, 这与XX县的经济发展, 市容的美化、净化及卫生达标和广大市民的生活要求很不相适应。为此, XX县政府要求，将城关镇南环路中段食品公司院内的屠宰场搬迁至远离居民区的县城东郊东明镇石龙头村, 并建设一个半机械化的屠宰场, 这是广大市民的强烈愿望, 也是XX县经济和社会发展的迫切需要。 续建设项目基本情况 屠宰场建成投产，将在全县实行生猪“定点屠宰、集中检疫、统一完税 、控制批发、分散经营”的办法，加强对生猪屠宰、防疫检疫管理，保证肉品质量，以杜绝病猪、死猪上市，确保人民群众的身体健康。 2 产业政策 本项目属畜禽屠宰业，未列入《产业结构调整指导目录》（2005年），属于国家允许类项目，符合目前国家的有关产业政策。 3 项目概况 XX县食品公司已取得YY市商务局发放的定点屠宰证，XX县土地管理局已批准企业用地（文件附后）。工程总投资40万元，厂区占地面积为3647.39m2，年利润总额36万元，销售税金18万元，投资回收期2.2年。可安排18人就业，具有良好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。 4 建设内容及规模 （1）建设内容：年屠宰1.8万头生猪生产线项目搬迁于XX县东明镇石龙头村，厂址地理位置详见附图一。项目占地面积为3647.39m2，办公区和生产区占地面积见表1，厂区平面布置详见附图二。 表1 工程办公和生产区占地面积表 序 号 类 别 单 位 数 量 1 屠宰场 m2 630 2 猪舍 m2 400 3 办公区（包括宿舍） m2 500 （2）生产规模： 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 规模为年屠宰1.8万头生猪。 5 生产原辅材料消耗量 生产主要原材料及年消耗量情况详见表2。 表2 生产原材料及年消耗量表 原辅材料 电 用水 燃烧煤 排水 消耗量（t/a） 4560（kwh） 3100 300 2810 续建设项目基本情况 6 项目构成和工作制度 本项目主要包括土建工程和公用工程及生产系统。本项目土建工程包括生产车间、库房、锅炉房、配电室和给水系统及污水处理站等。公用工程包括给排水、消防、供电、供热等。生产系统包括麻电、放血、脱毛、开膛、电锯劈半等工段及出库等。 全厂劳动定员18人，其中技术人员6人，生产人员12人。全年工作日为365天，一班制，每班8小时。 7 生产设备 主要生产设备见表3。 表3 主要生产设备一览表 序号 设备名称 型号 单位 数量 备注 1 刮毛机 YGM-123 台 1 120头/h 2 毛猪提升机 台 1 3 白条猪提升机 台 1 4 往复式劈半机 台 1 5 麻电机 台 1 6 无塔供水器 5m3 台 1 2.4kg/cm2 7 蒸汽锅炉 DZL2-8 台 1 8 化验设备 套 1 8 供水、排水 厂区供水由本项目自备水井进行供应，并安装一套无塔供水系统,可以满足生产生活用水需要。项目废水经厂内处理后排往厂东500m处的XX县城市污水处理厂。本工程用水量见表4。项目用排水平衡见图1。 表4 本工程用水一览表 序号 类别 吨/日 吨/年 1 生产用水 8 2920 2 生活用水 0.5 180 3 小计 8.5 3100 4 消防用水 一次火灾用水量15升/秒 续建设项目基本情况 单位：t/d 9 采暖 本项目用汽量1.5t/h，拟安装一台2 t/h蒸汽锅炉，锅炉产汽用于烫毛和办公区冬季采暖。锅炉燃煤采用山西大同、陕西神木优质无烟煤（煤质化验单附后）。 10 供电 厂内装100kVA变压器及其配套设施，本项目用电装机容量50kW，供电能力充足。 11 污水处理 本工程配套污水处理站一个，处理后污水中污染物浓度满足《肉类加工工业水污染排放 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 》 (GB13457-92)表3中三级标准的限值。 续建设项目基本情况 12 道路及绿化工程 厂区所有道路采用泥结碎石路面。在道路两侧、车间周围、厂内围墙一周栽植树种，并在生产生活区中间设置绿化带，最大限度地降噪和美化环境。 13 交通 厂区有乡村道路连接209国道，原料供给及产品运输都比较方便。 与本项目有关的原有污染情况及主要环境问题： 本项目为新建项目，不存在原有污染情况及主要环境问题。 建设项目所在地自然环境社会环境简况 自然环境简况（地形、地貌、地质、气候、气象、水文、植被、生物多样性等） 1 XX县自然环境简况 1.1 地理位置 XX县食品公司屠宰场厂址建设在XX县东明镇石龙头村，位于XX县城以东偏南约5公里处，其北侧有乡村道路连接209国道。XX县位于河南省西部边陲，地处豫、陕两省的结合部， 北邻灵宝，东连洛宁与栾川，南接西峡，西和西南与陕西省的洛南、丹凤、商南三县接壤, 居北纬33°32'－34°23'，东经110°34'－111°22' 之间。中南部山地是黄河水系和长江水系的分水岭，大部分地区属黄河水系。 1.2 地形地貌 评价区所在的XX县东明河西村位于XX县洛河川地东部。XX境内千山起伏，万壑纵横，河流遍布， 形成了八山一水一分田的基本地貌。全县东西宽72公里，南北长92公里， 国土总面积4004平方公里，整体轮廓近似菱形。是河南省国土面积较大，人口密度较小的边远深山区和国家级扶贫开发工作重点区。 XX县地势自西向东逐渐降低，西南部海拔在1500－2000米以上，地势高峻，是河南省地势最高的地方。东部海拔500－800米，部分超过1000米，相对高度300－800米，地势低缓，山岭起伏较小，山顶较为平圆。沿XX的洛河两岸，流水侵蚀严重。据现场踏勘，评价区周围地势较平坦，地域开阔，沿洛河两岸外侧是浅山区，以洛河为中心向南、北、东南、西南、东北、西北10公里后是深山狭谷，层峦叠嶂，海拔高度最高为1000米，最低为556米，而且河谷狭窄。 1.3 水文气象 XX县地处亚热带、北暖温带两个气候带。北部属暖温带季风气候， 续建设项目所在地自然环境社会环境简况 南端地处北亚热带，一年四季分明， 光照充足。由于地域辽阔，气候要素相差较大。据XX县气象局 2000年至2002年气象资料 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 分析，XX县平均气温13.0℃，极端最高气温37.8℃，最低气温－15.6℃，年日照2028.4小时，日照率46%；主导风向东北风，年平均风速为1.1米/秒；年最多降雨量606.3毫米，日最大雨量63.5毫米，年平均降雨量为565.0毫米。 评价区南800米的洛河水体，是XX县境内最大河流，也是黄河水系的主要支流之一。洛河发源于陕西省洛南县洛源乡木盆沟村，从XX县徐家湾乡小河口村入XX县境，贯穿于崤山和熊耳山之间，流至XX范里镇山河口后流入洛宁县境，洛河河面的平均宽度为160余米，水足量大，在XX境内流域长112公里，境内流域面积2164平方公里，河床比降1:435，多年平均流量为40立方米/秒，年径流总量为5.29亿立方米。在洛河流域内，流域面积在100平方公里以上的支流有9条，分别有兰草河、官坡河、木桐河、潘河、横涧河、马庄河、文峪河、沙河、范里河。 1.4 土壤植被 评价区属较平坦地域，评价区的东南、西南与东北、西北2公里外是浅山丘陵与石山混合区域，区域地势逐步由低到高，地表淋溶作用强盛，可溶性盐类基本淋失，形成了酸性和微酸性的棕壤和山地褐土。山地为坡度平均大于35度的中山或亚高山山地，成土母质多系花岗岩、片麻岩。东北、东南、西北、西南部浅山丘陵区的残塬、阶地和洛河两岸阶地、谷川、平地和河滩地。评价区域的土地肥力较好，向南北、东北、西北、西南、东南延伸后为山地，土壤肥力逐步减弱。 该评价区域地处我国南北地理分界线北侧，西连秦岭，县域内有伏牛山、熊耳山、崤山等，气候温暖湿润，自然环境复杂，为各科植物种类繁衍生长提供了良好的生长场所。本区域不但是南北植物成份的交汇处，而且还有西南、华西、西北、东北的一些植物成份散生，所以本区植物种类 续建设项目所在地自然环境社会环境简况 此区域内主要生长树种类有油松树、柏树、桦栎树、大叶桐、刺槐、杨树、柳树、山槐树、楸树、柿子树、核桃树、苹果树、李子树、梨树、椿树、杜仲树等；灌木主要有连翘、鬼见愁、黄栌等；草木植物有羊胡子、鸡公草、白草、火艾、野菊花、山棉花、蕨类、蒿类、荆刺类等。 1.5 动物 XX区域野生动物组成比较复杂，以古北界动物占绝对优势，兼有东洋界的一些种类。区域划分属于古北界的华北区。据统计资料调查，本区域陆栖脊椎动物约150种，爬行类22种，鸟类78种，哺乳类42种。评价区域近距内主要生长繁育动物以农户养殖、饲养为主，有猪、牛、羊、鸡、鸭、甲鱼、七彩山鸡、兔等。野生动物多数分布在评价区东北、西北、东南、西南5公里以外深山谷中。主要有野猪、野兔、野鸡、蛇类、鼠类、蛙类、鱼类、鸟类等。 社会环境简况（社会经济结构、教育、文化、文物保护等）： 2 社会环境简况 2.1 XX县社会环境简况 XX县辖8个镇、11个乡，352个行政村，3116个村民小组，106309个农户，2003年总人口36.94万人。其中：农业人口32.73万人，非农业人口42144人。 2003年全县农业总产值达到6.52亿元，农作物播种面积45992公顷；全县共有县办工业10家，集体工业3家，股份私营乡镇工业236家。工业总产值达4.22亿元。 续建设项目所在地自然环境社会环境简况 评价区所在的XX县东明镇辖23个行政村，221个村民组，9298户，劳动力13506人，总人口29217人，其中：非农业人口2216人，农业人口27001人。全镇农作物播种面积4407公顷，粮食作物播种面积为2952公顷，总产量为8067吨；烟叶种植面积1008公顷，总产量1815吨；中药材种植面积33公顷，果园面积153公顷，总产量5420吨；经济林面积177公顷，用材林面积300公顷，2001年底农林牧渔业总产值6710万元，农村工业总产值3056万元，镇级地方财政收入1202万元，农民人均收入2012元。 石龙头村位于XX县城东5公里处，位于评价区正北方，与厂址距离500m。全村共12个居民组，504户，2053人，共有耕地1980亩，2004年人均收入1530元。 2.2 文物保护对象 XX县历史源远流长，经多次文物普查，发现城隍庙，被评为河南省二级文物保护单位。据调查评价区周围无文物古迹。 2.3 XX县环境保护规划 2.3.1 环境空气 到2010年XX县城区环境空气质量达到国家《环境空气质量标准》（GB3095—1996）二级环境空气质量标准，乡镇环境空气质量达到国家《环境空气质量标准》（GB3095—1996）一级环境空气质量标准。 2.3.2 地表水和地下水 在科学规划，合理布局，综合发展农、工、商贸前提下，强化环境监控监理职能，确保洛河及洛河各支流、长江流域老灌河、淇河地表水环境质量达到国家《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）中Ⅲ类质量标准。 XX县城区和各乡镇居民生活饮用水水质达到国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB5749—85）标准和国家《地下水质量标准》（GB/T14848—93）中Ⅲ类水质标准。 续建设项目所在地自然环境社会环境简况 2.3.3 声环境 XX县城区及19个乡镇噪声环境质量达到国家《城市区域环境噪声标准》（GB3096—93）中各个功能区域标准。东明镇噪声环境质量执行《城市区域环境噪声标准》（GB3096-93）中2类，可满足（GB3096-93）2类要求。各工业企业噪声环境质量达到国家《工业企业厂界噪声标准》（GB12348—90）各个功能区域标准。 环境质量状况 建设项目所在地区域环境质量现状及主要环境问题（环境空气、地面水、地下水、声环境、生态环境等） 1 环境空气环境质量 本项目厂址和XX县火炎方正环保节能新型建材厂厂址相邻，均在东明乡境内，故本项目类比XX县环境监测站于2005年12月4日至8日对火炎村和XX县火炎方正环保节能新型建材厂原料堆方处进行TSP、SO2两项监测因子的现状监测，监测结果如表1、表2所示： 表1 环境空气中TSP监测结果表 监测 点位 监测 时间 (月、日) TSP测值（mg/Nm3） 测值范围(mg/Nm3) 浓度限值(mg/Nm3) 超标率(%) 最大超标倍数 08时 11时 14时 17时 日均 火 炎 村 12.4 0.177 0.179 0.188 0.192 0.184 0.177-0.192 0.30 0 0 12.5 0.176 0.178 0.180 0.183 0.179 0.176-0.183 0.30 0 0 12.6 0.180 0.182 0.179 0.184 0.181 0.179-0.184 0.30 0 0 12.7 0.182 0.180 0.179 0.186 0.182 0.179-0.186 0.30 0 0 12.8 0.179 0.184 0.186 0.198 0.187 0.179-0.198 0.30 0 0 厂区(原料堆放处) 12.4 0.184 0.186 0.188 0.195 0.188 0.184-0.195 0.30 0 0 12.5 0.190 0.188 0.193 0.196 0.192 0.188-0.196 0.30 0 0 12.6 0.188 0.195 0.196 0.194 0.193 0.188-0.196 0.30 0 0 12.7 0.193 0.196 0.198 0.198 0.196 0.193-0.198 0.30 0 0 12.8 0.194 0.189 0.198 0.199 0.195 0.180-0.199 0.30 0 0 由表1、表2可知，TSP和SO2的小时浓度、日均浓度均达到《环境空气质量标准》（GB3095—1996）二级标准，评价区环境空气质量现状良好，没有出现超标数据，对TSP和SO2有较大的环境容量。 续环境质量状况 表2 环境空气中SO2监测结果表 监测 点位 监测 时间 (月、日) SO2测值（mg/Nm3） 测值范围(mg/Nm3) 浓度限值(mg/Nm3) 超标率(%) 最大超标倍数 08时 11时 14时 17时 日均 火 炎 村 12.4 0.040 0.048 0.047 0.046 0.045 0.040-0.048 0.15 0 0 12.5 0.048 0.045 0.047 0.048 0.047 0.045-0.048 0.15 0 0 12.6 0.045 0.047 0.048 0.040 0.045 0.040-0.048 0.15 0 0 12.7 0.046 0.048 0.047 0.041 0.046 0.041-0.048 0.15 0 0 12.8 0.040 0.048 0.046 0.045 0.045 0.040-0.048 0.15 0 0 平均值 0.044 0.047 0.047 0.044 0.046 0.044—0.047 0.15 厂区(原料堆放处) 12.4 0.048 0.040 0.043 0.044 0.044 0.040-0.048 0.15 0 0 12.5 0.046 0.044 0.048 0.043 0.045 0.044-0.046 0.15 0 0 12.6 0.040 0.046 0.041 0.042 0.042 0.040-0.046 0.15 0 0 12.7 0.049 0.043 0.15 0 0 12.8 0.046 0.049 0.048 0.044 0.047 0.044-0.049 0.15 0 0 平均值 0.046 0.044 0.046 0.043 0.045 0.045-0.048 0.015 2 声环境质量状况 声环境现状分别在评价企业的东厂界、北厂界、西厂界、南厂界进行了现状监测，监测结果见表3。 表3 噪声现状监测结果一览表 单位：dB(A) 监测点位 监测时间（月、日） 监测结果LAeq 评价标准 评价结果 昼间 夜间 昼间 夜间 北厂界 12.4 46.1 44.2 60 50 达标 12.5 46.4 44.8 达标 东厂界 12.4 44.8 40.4 达标 12.5 44.2 40.6 达标 西厂界 12.4 46.8 44.3 达标 12.5 46.2 43.6 达标 南厂界 12.4 51.4 42.7 达标 12.5 48.0 41.0 达标 续环境质量状况 由表3可知，各测点昼、夜Leq均能达到GB3096—93Ⅱ类标准要求，声环境质量良好，有较大的声环境容量。 3 地表水环境质量状况 本项目厂址位于XX县城东部，其距西面寨子村相距约5000m，故地表水环境质量状况类比XX县城市污水处理厂（1.5万t/d）工程的地表水监测结果，同时并对照XX县环境监测站2007年常规监测有关数据。根据2004年12月24日XX县环境监测对洛河寨子村段面监测结果，该断面监测结果见《XX县污水处理厂地表水监测结果统计表》。 由监测结果可知，洛河寨子村段面水质能达到GB3838—2002Ⅲ类标准要求。 主要环境保护目标（列出名单及保护级别） 洛河 《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）Ⅲ类 石龙头村 《环境空气质量标准》（GB3095—1996）二级标准 评价适用标准 环 境 质 量 标 准 《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）Ⅲ类 《环境空气质量标准》（GB3095—1996）二级 《城市区域环境噪声标准》（GB3096—93）2类标准 污 染 物 排 放 标 准 《肉类加工工业水污染物排放标准》（GB13457—92）表3中三级 《恶臭污染物排放标准》（GB14554—93） 《工业企业厂界噪声标准》（GB12348—90）二级 《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》（GB13271—2001）Ⅱ时段二类区 《建筑施工场界噪声限值》（GB12523—90） 总 量 控 制 指 标 本项目总量控制指标建议为： 烟尘： 0.72t/a SO2： 3.11t/a CODcr： 0.51t/a 建设项目工程分析 1 工艺流程（图示） 生猪屠宰工艺流程为： 生猪 → 麻电 →提升机 → 放血 →冲洗消毒 → 脱毛 → 开膛 →电锯劈半→ 检疫→ 出库 2 工艺流程简述 该公司屠宰场是XX县唯一的生猪定点屠宰场，牲畜收购后，经过圈栏储备，牲畜淋洗干净后，麻电后进入屠宰车间进行屠宰，经放血、冲洗消毒，热水烫毛以脱毛，开膛后电锯分割成块，生猪（含牛、羊）肉经检疫后售出。 3 项目污染因素分析 3.1 大气污染因素分析 本项目大气污染源主要为锅炉烟气，其污染物为烟尘和SO2。 烫毛和冬季采暖需要蒸汽，拟安装一台2 t/h蒸汽锅炉，型号为DZL2-8，产气量2t/h，燃煤为山西大同、陕西神木的优质无烟煤，燃煤量为300t/a。 该锅炉安装陶瓷多管旋风除尘室，根据多家锅炉使用厂家的使用情况，该项目锅炉烟气中烟气和SO2产生与排放浓度分别为2000mg/Nm3和432mg/m3。烟气量2400Nm3/h，按每天工作10小时，总烟气量720万Nm3/a，燃煤量300t/a，SO2产生量为1.7*300*0.61％＝3.11t/a，SO2浓度为432mg/m3。燃料煤堆存应建设煤栅，以防止堆煤风蚀扬尘。净化烟气通过一根30m高烟囱排放。可满足《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》（GB13271—2001）Ⅱ时段二级标准要求。 3.2 废水污染因素分析 3.2.1 废水水量、水质特点 建设单位未能提供废水水质资料，本环评类比《YY市食品公司废水治理方案》和《YY市食品公司废水治理工程竣工验收监测报告》有 续建设项目工程分析 关数据。 该公司肉类加工生产废水主要来自圈栏冲洗、淋洗、屠宰及厂房地坪冲洗、烫毛、分割等工段。废水中含有大量血污、油脂、油块、毛、肉屑、骨屑、内脏杂物，未消化的食物和粪便等。此外，废水中还含有大量与人体健康有关的微生物。根据该公司提供的有关资料，搬迁后废水排放量为7.7m3/d，年排放废水量约2810 m3。其排水水质及对应的《肉类加工工业水污染排放标准》 (GB13457-92)中的三级标准限值见表1。 表1 食品公司屠宰排水水质与国家排放标准对照表 监测项目 监测浓度 肉类加工工业水污染物排放标准(一级) 要求处理效率 水量 1.54 m3/t ≤6.5m3/t(活屠重) pH 7.76 6.0-8.5 CODcr 1931mg/L ≤500mg/L ≥74.1 % BOD5 556mg/L ≤300mg/L ≥46.0 % SS 1807mg/L ≤400mg/L ≥77 % 由上表可以看出：屠宰废水属高浓度有机废水，含有大量血污、油脂、油块、毛肉屑、内脏杂物、未消化的食料和粪便，造成有机污染物浓度高，治理难度大。该屠宰厂废水中具有悬浮物和有机物的含量大，但较易生物降解。 3.2.2 治理方案的主要内容 3.2.2.1 处理工艺选择 类比YY市食品公司屠宰废水水质分析表明，该废水的BODg/CODcr 续建设项目工程分析 的比值较高（0.3），说明该废水较易于生物降解，且废水中含有足够的N、P等营养物可供微生物增长和繁殖。因此，决定废水治理主体工艺采用生物处理工艺，这是处理易于生物降解的有机废水的最有效和经济的处理方法之一。 物理处理工艺可分为好氧工艺、厌氧工艺、稳定塘，土地处理以及由上述工艺的结合而形成的各种各样的组合工艺。由于该公司场地所限，稳定塘及土地处理系统不适合。鉴于屠宰废水中有机物污染物浓度较高，本方案采用厌氧——好氧组合生物处理工艺来处理该废水，以保证其实现达标排放。 此外，由于屠宰废水中含有大量的非溶解性的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和杂物，且水质和水量在24h内变化较大，因此，在生物处理工艺前，应采用一些物理方法对废水进行预处理，以防止设备堵塞，降低生物处理设施负荷和稳定生物处理效果。 3.2.2.2 工艺流程 来水 格栅 格筛 调节初沉池 污泥外运 鼓风曝气 臭氧发生器 厌氧硝化池 好氧处理池 二沉池 消毒池 排放 加药 污泥外运 冲洗猪舍地坪 图1 废水处理工艺流程 工艺流程说明： 车间间断排出的屠宰、冲洗猪舍废水和其它废水，经格栅收集进入沉淀调节池，经气浮撇油后，用泵提升至厌氧池，在厌氧菌的作用下，水中 续建设项目工程分析 的大分子有机物分解为有机酸和小分子物质。废水的BOD与COD比值由0.3上升到0．6，废水的可生化性得到明显改善，并有部分有机物得到降解。 　　好氧生化处理采用二级生物接触氧化法。在曝气的作用下，废水和填料上的生物膜充分接触，有机污染物被生物膜吸附，在得到足够溶解氧的条件下，其中的好氧微生物将污染物分解为二氧化碳和水，使废水得到净化，并将水中的氨氮氧化为硝酸盐氮。生化池混合液回流到厌氧池，在反硝化菌的作用下，将硝态氮还原为氮气。好氧接触氧化池出水流入斜管沉淀池，经固液分离后达标排放。 沉淀调节池、斜管沉淀的污泥，定期排入污泥干化池处理。干污泥外运处置，滤液回流到沉淀调节池进行二次处理。 ① 筛除 此工序的主要作用是分离屠宰废水中较粗的分散性悬浮固体物。所采用的设备为格栅和格筛，格栅用以拦截较粗的悬浮固体物以保护水泵和减少格筛负担，格筛用于去除较小而分散的悬浮物质。 ② 调节初沉 屠宰废水24小时内水质和水量的变化幅度都较大，为了使后续工艺的处理效果稳定，必须对废水的水质和水量进行调节，以减弱水质和水量的变动幅度。初沉工序的目的是为了去除原废水中较细的、易于沉降的固体物。 ③ 气浮撇油 屠宰废水中含有大量油脂，这些油脂必须在废水进入主体生物处理工艺前予以去除，否则容易造成管道、水泵和一些其它设备的堵塞。另外，废水中油脂含量过高，会对生物处理工艺造成一定的影响。隔油即是去除飘浮状油指所采用的最广泛的方法。 续建设项目工程分析 ④ 厌氧生物处理 设计的厌氧生物处理采用从美国引进的先进厌氧微生物SBQ—A对屠宰废水进行厌氧酸化及硝化降解处理，该厌氧菌种呈现液体状，可直接加入废水中，投加量为2ml/m3废水。 SBQ—A厌氧微生物不仅对废水中的各种污染物、尤其是有机污染物有较好的去除效果，而且不产生污泥，同时其厌氧硝化在常温下即可进行，比之常规的厌氧生物处理具有明显的优越性。⑤ 好氧生物处理 设计的好氧生物处理，不同于常规的活性污泥工艺和生物膜法工艺，它是采用好氧微生物SBQ—B固体菌种，预先配制激活后，再投入废水中，对废水进行好氧生物降解处理，固体菌种投加量2g/m3废水。 这种方法比之常规好氧生物处理工艺，最突出的优点是不仅对废水中的各类污染物，尤其是有机污染物去除效果显著，而且不产生任何污泥，同时运行调试中不需培菌和驯化。 好氧生物处理曝气工艺，采用鼓风曝气。在鼓风曝气工艺中，废水、 SBQ—B微生物和由微孔曝气头所排出的细微气泡充分混合，废水、空气同时被剧烈剪切、粉碎，大大增加了它们之间的接触界面。这一方面加速了基质向细胞内的传递，提高了微生物代谢有机物的速率，另一方面微生物既可以吸收溶于废水中的氧，又可以通过与微气泡的接触从微气泡中直接吸收氧，大大提高了氧的利用率。此外，选用低噪声鼓风设备,该曝气工艺还具有噪声低、操作管理简便、投资低以及对负荷变化适应性强等优点。 ⑥ 二沉 二次沉淀的主要作用是进一步去除污水中的悬浮物，本次设计在二沉池适量投加硫酸铝，以更好地去除部分有机物及其它物质的悬浮物。普通 续建设项目工程分析 沉淀池一般分为平流式、竖流式和辐流式三种，但效果均不够理想。鉴于此，本设计决定采用斜管沉淀池，它是根据“浅层沉淀”理论，在沉淀池中加设蜂窝斜管，以提高沉淀效率的一种新型沉淀池，具有沉淀效率高、停留时间短、占地少等优点。其处理效果稳定，维护工作量也不大。 ⑦ 消毒 由于屠宰废水中还含有粪便大肠菌、粪便链球菌、 葡萄球菌等影响人体健康的细菌，因此，应对其进行消毒后方可排放。国内目前最常用的消毒剂为氯制品、紫外线和臭氧。氯制品虽为优良的消毒剂且价格便宜，但干扰氯化消毒的因素较多，运用得不好时，它的杀菌效率就不能很好的发挥；紫外线法虽然设备操作简便，又卫生，但对去除浊度的预处理要求高，消毒作用短暂且费用昂贵。而臭氧化消毒法则是一种很在前途的方法，因为臭氧不仅是已知的最强的消毒药剂，而且是强氧化剂。它具有杀菌力强、能氧化多种有机物和无机物，从而进一步净化水质，不使处理后的水产生嗅和味及不增加可溶性固体等优点。据此，我们选用臭氧消毒法对生化处理后的屠宰废水进行消毒。 设计臭氧投加量 3mgQ3/L废水 接触时间 15min 有资料表明，当臭氧投加量达3mgQ3/L废水，接触时间性5min时，杀菌及灭活病毒效率大于90—99%，嗅、味去除80%，色度去除率80—90%，Mn、Fe去除率90%，CODcr去除率40%，CN－去除率90%，酚去除率95%。 3.2.3 预计废水治理效果 由沉淀实验可知，废水中悬浮物经沉淀调节池和二沉池后，去除率可达95%，SS含量经该道工序即可达到排放标准。在废水治理系统中厌氧好氧工序产生的少量SS在二沉池中被清除。类比《YY市食品公司废水治 续建设项目工程分析 理工程》项目竣工验收监测报告，该屠宰废水处理工艺也采用均化、厌氧、好氧处理工艺，根据实测结果，CODcr、BOD5、SS的总去除率分别为97.4%、99.5%、97.4%，均高于本项目综合废水处理所需达到的去除效率（90.9%、95.6%、65%），分别按照1931mg/L，556mg/L和1807mg/L进行设计。本项目废水治理工程各工序对CODcr、BOD5和SS的去除率详见表2。 表2 废水处理效果分析 单位：mg/L 处理工序 进水水质 出水水质 去除率% 总去除率% 均化沉淀 CODcr 1931 1931 0 BOD5 556 556 0 SS 1807 1807 0 厌氧 CODcr 1931 1813 6.1 BOD5 556 238.6 57.1 SS 1807 1330 26.4 好氧 二沉池 CODcr 1813 181.3 90 92.8 BOD5 238.6 23.9 90 96.4 SS 1330 133 90 82.0 由以上可知，治理后废水中CODcr、BOD5、SS浓度分别为181.3mg/L、23.9 mg/L、133mg/L，本治理工艺可以满足国家标准对该厂外排废水中CODcr、BOD5、SS的要求。 3.3 噪声污染因素分析 本项目噪声源主要为生产时机器设备发出的噪声,噪声源强为75—95dB（A），屠宰机械设备置于厂房内，锅炉房和污水站风机也置于房屋内，并对高噪声风机安装消声器，高噪声机械设备安装减振装置，本噪声源分 别采用隔声、消声和减振降噪 措施 《全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观软件质量保证措施下载工地伤害及预防措施下载关于贯彻落实的具体措施 后再经距离衰减，其厂界噪声可满足《工业企业厂界噪声标准》Ⅱ类区标准要求。 续建设项目工程分析 3.4 固体污染因素分析 本项目固体废弃物主要为锅炉渣、收尘及污水站污泥等，其产生量分别为：100t/a、15t/a及 10t/a。锅炉渣和收尘用于做建筑材料和铺路，污水站污泥运往附近农村做农田肥料。因此，本项目固体全部综合利用。 3.5 恶臭污染因素分析 本工程采用SBQ生物处理工艺，环境空气污染主要是恶臭气体，其恶臭污染物主要来源于格栅、厌氧池、主生化池、污泥区及猪舍等单元。污水处理站各处理单元基本为敞开式，恶臭气体呈无组织散逸。恶臭气体主要成分为H2S、NH3、三甲胺、甲硫醇等物质。 恶臭气体对人们的危害主要包括对呼吸系统、循环系统、消化系统、分泌系统、神经系统的危害。比如恶臭中主要污染物NH3具有强烈刺激性气味，主要刺激眼睛、粘膜和上呼吸道，其引起人类呼吸道刺激症状的最低浓度为20ppm。H2S具有臭鸡蛋气味，其感知浓度低达0.0015mg/m3，接触高浓度（500～1000ppm）H2S可致全身中毒。因此，长期的有恶臭影响的环境中会给居民日常生活和身体带来不良影响。 本工程拟对恶臭产生点添加除臭剂，所产生污泥及时清运，由于污水处理规模小，恶臭源强低，经防治后厂界恶臭浓度可满足《恶臭污染物排放标准》（GB14554—93）要求。 项目主要污染物产生及预计排放情况 内容 类型 排放源 （编号） 污染物 名称 处理前产生浓度及 产生量（单位） 排放浓度及排放量 （单位） 大 气 污 染 物 锅炉 烟尘 2000mg/m3 14.4t/a 100mg/m3 0.72t/a SO2 432mg/m3 3.11t/a 432mg/m3 3.11t/a 猪舍 污水处理 H2S 0.000013 kg/h 0.000013 kg/h NH3 0.003 kg/h 0.003 kg/h 水 污 染 物 综合污水 COD 1813mg/L 5.09t/a 181.3mg/L 0.51t/a BOD5 556mg/L 1.56t/a 23.9mg/L 0.07t/a SS 1807mg/L 5.08t/a 133mg/L 0.37t/a 固 体 废 物 锅炉房 锅炉渣 100 建筑或铺路 污水站 污泥 10 制农田肥料 除尘系统 收尘 15 建筑或铺路 噪 声 该项目设备噪声值在75—95dB(A)之间，经隔声、消声、减震治理及距离衰减后，厂界噪声不超标。 其 他 主要生态影响（不够时可附另页） 项目占地较少，对植被的破坏由加强厂区绿化得到一定补偿。 环境影响分析 施工期环境影响分析 项目施工期主要大气污染物是施工中开挖地面、挖土、弃土堆放等，建筑材料露天装卸及堆放产生的地面扬尘以及运输车辆行驶产生的扬尘。影响范围主要在施工现场附近。针对施工期大气污染物排放特点，评价提出以下防治措施降低污染： （1）施工前，先整修厂区内的运输道路，对现有的土路面进行硬化，确保道路进出畅通，降低扬尘的产生； （2）施工现场周围应用蓬布围拦，减少渣土扬尘对周围环境的影响。 （3）施工过程中产生的弃土、弃物及时运走，对未及时运走的要整理成堆，并洒水抑尘。 （4）弃土、弃物及物料运输过程中最好采用遮盖措施，防止洒落而产生扬尘。 （5）对易起尘的建材应设置临时材料棚，避免露天堆放风蚀扬尘。 施工单位在采取上述防治措施并加强施工管理后，项目施工期对环境空气质量的影响很小。 施工期噪声源主要为各类施工机械，包括推土机、挖掘机、搅拌机、装载机、碾压机等。这些机械的噪声级大多在80～115dB(A)。由于附近地势平坦，地面作业影响范围可达200m。除机械噪声外，运输车辆也是一主要的噪声源，但其影响范围通常不会超过100m。该项目的关心点距离厂址较近，因此必须加强施工期间的产噪设备的管理，严格按照《建筑施工厂界噪声限值》（GB12523—90）中的规定，禁止产噪声强度高、运行时间长的机械设备夜间施工，以减少噪声对临近敏感点的影响。同时采取以下噪声污染防治措施： （1）尽可能避免很多高噪声设备同时施工，最大限度的减少声源点 续环境影响分析 影响程度和范围。 （2）适当采取一些减振、消声措施。 （3）每天20：00—次日8：00禁止施工。 （4）材料运输过程，合理安排，避免影响沿线居民，夜间行驶禁止鸣笛，减少刹车次数，严禁急刹车。 施工废水要求施工单位在施工现场修建简易沉淀池，经沉淀回用。 施工固废主要为废弃建筑材料，建筑材料尽量做到日产日清。施工原材料等应随用随运。 营运期环境影响分析： 根据工程分析，本项目在营运过程中主要污染因素是废水、废气、噪声等。 1 废气 本项目大气污染源主要为锅炉烟气和猪舍与污水处理站恶臭。 烫毛和冬季采暖需要蒸汽，拟安装一台2 t/h蒸汽锅炉，型号为DZL2-8，产气量2t/h，燃煤为山西大同、陕西神木的优质无烟煤，燃煤量为300t/a。 锅炉烟气其污染物为烟尘和SO2。该锅炉安装陶瓷多管旋风除尘室，根据多家锅炉使用厂家的使用情况及物料衡算，该项目锅炉烟气中烟尘和SO2产生浓度分别为2000mg/Nm3和432mg/m3。烟气量2400Nm3/h，按每天工作10小时，总烟气量720万Nm3/a。除尘器的除尘效率为95％，净化后烟尘和SO2产生与排放浓度分别为100mg/Nm3和432mg/m3。燃料煤堆存应建设煤栅，以防止堆煤风蚀扬尘。净化烟气通过一根30m高烟囱排放。锅炉烟气排放和烟囱高度可满足《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》（GB13271—2001）Ⅱ时段二级标准要求（200 mg/Nm3、432mg/m3、30m）。 本工程废水处理采用SBQ生物处理工艺，环境空气污染主要是恶臭气 续环境影响分析 体，其恶臭污染物主要来源于格栅、厌氧池、主生化池、污泥区及猪舍等单元。污水处理站各处理单元基本为敞开式，恶臭气体呈无组织散逸。恶臭气体主要成分为H2S、NH3、三甲胺、甲硫醇等物质。本工程拟对恶臭产生点添加除臭剂，所产生污泥及时清运，由于污水处理规模小，恶臭源强低，经防治后厂界恶臭浓度可满足《恶臭污染物排放标准》（GB14554—93）要求。 本项目废气可实现达标排放，厂址周围无居民，且当地环境空气质量有较大容量，因此，本项目废气达标排放对环境影响可以接受。 2 废水 本工程废水主要为屠宰生产废水和生活污水,由于二者废水性质相同，均为可降解有机废水，故综合废水将采用厌氧、好氧生物处理工艺进行处理。根据工程分析，该废水治理后可实现达标排放。 生猪屠宰生产企业产生的主要污染物为屠宰废水，由于废水产生量较小，但有机物浓度较大，废水排放时地表水环境将产生一定影响。根据废水排放特点和排放去向，本评价采用完全混合模型预测废水排放对洛河水质的影响。 2.1 预测因子的选取 根据地表水质现状、废水水质特点，由于屠宰废水深度处理且排放量较小，其主要污染物为CODcr和BOD5，因此，本评价地表水影响预测因子选取CODcr、BOD5两项。 2.2 控制断面 根据本工程排污特点及地表水实际情况，选取工程入洛河上游5000m处断面为背景断面，选取工程入洛河后洛河大桥断面为控制断面。 2.3 预测模式 根据工程排污特点及评价等级，预测模式选取完全混合稀释模型和一 续环境影响分析 维模型。其公式为： C=C0exp（-kx/86400u） 式中：C—河流预测断面污染物浓度，mg/L； Ch—河流背景断面污染物浓度，mg/L； Cp—排放废水中污染物浓度，mg/L； Qh—河流背景断面流量，m3/s； Qp—排入河流的废水流量，m3/s。 C0—完全混合后河流断面污染物浓度，mg/L； k—河流降解系数； x—预测河流段长度，m； u—河流流速，m/s。 2.4 主要参数确定 2.4.1 背景浓度确定 本次背景浓度值选取洛北大渠的洛河寨子村背景断面的水质实测结果。背景参数见表1。 表1 预测河段背景参数 断面 流量 （m3/s） 流速 （m/s） CODcr （mg/L） BOD5 （mg/L） 洛河排污口上游5000m处 40 0.1 5.27 1.57 注：洛河流量根据《XX县污水处理厂环评》，取该河多年平均流量。 2.4.2 工程排污源强 本工程排污源强见表2。 续环境影响分析 项目 排放量（m3/d） CODcr（mg/L） BOD5（mg/L） 废水 7.7 181.3 23.9 排放标准 500 300 表2 本工程废水污染物排放情况 2.5 地表水预测评价 根据废水排污源强和河流背景实测结果对控制断面进行预测，预测结果和实测值对比分析。结果见表3。 表3 工程运行期预测断面污染浓度 预测断面 CODcr（mg/L） BOD5（mg/L） 入洛河下游1000m 5.27 1.57 入洛河上游5km 5.27 1.57 从表中可以看出，CODcr和BOD5在洛河大桥控制断面的预测值与监测值相同，说明本工程废水排放对地表水环境质量没有影响。对照《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）Ⅲ类标准值（≤20mg/L、≤4mg/L），预测断面的预测CODcr和BOD5浓度仍满足《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类标准要求。综合分析，本工程废水治理措施可行，治理效果明显，可实现达标排放，其对洛河的河水水质没有影响。 3 噪声 本工程噪声主要为提升机、捞渣机、猪舍、鼓风机和引风机等。预测结果见表4、表5。 表4 高噪声源距厂界距离及贡献值表 声源 源强dB(A) 降噪后源强dB(A) 与厂界距离m 贡献值dB(A) 南 北 西 东 南 北 东 西 提升机 70 60 120 50 40 120 32.4 39.0 32.4 41.0 捞渣机 70 60 90 50 40 120 38.9 39.0 32.4 41.0 猪舍 85 70 90 50 40 120 40.0 41.0 33.4 41.0 鼓风机 90 75 60 60 60 40 42.4 42.4 43.9 42.4 引风机 90 75 60 60 60 40 42.4 42.4 43.9 42.4 续环境影响分析 表5 噪声贡献叠加值及预测值表 厂界 贡献叠加值dB(A) 背景值dB(A) 预测值dB(A) 标准dB(A) 昼 夜 昼 夜 昼 夜 南 46.7 51.4 42.7 53.7 48.2 北 47.7 46.4 44.8 50.1 49.5 60 50 东 47.9 44.8 40.6 49.6 48.6 西 48.6 46.8 44.3 50.8 49.9 由上表可知，四厂界昼间、夜间噪声均不超标，厂区附近均为农田和公路，厂址最近居民约500m，不会出现噪声扰民现象。 4 恶臭污染物影响预测与分析 本工程采用SBQ生物处理工艺，环境空气污染主要是恶臭气体，其恶臭污染物主要来源于格栅、沉砂池、主生化池、污泥区及猪舍等单元。污水处理厂各处理单元基本为敞开式，恶臭气体呈无组织散逸。恶臭气体主要成分为H2S、NH3、三甲胺、甲硫醇等物质，主要成分一览表见表6。 表6 污水处理站恶臭气体成分一览表 分类 名称 分子式 臭气特征 硫醇类 甲硫醇 CH3SH 烂洋葱头、烂圆白菜臭 硫醚类 甲硫醚 二甲二硫醚 (CH3)2S (CH3)2S2 蒜、韭菜样臭 醛类 丙醛 异丁醛 正戊醛 C2H5CHO (CH3)2CHCHO C4H9CHO 刺激臭 脂及酸类 丙酸 丁酸 异丁酸 C2H5COOH C3H7COOH (CH3)2CHCOOH 食醋味 不快臭 汗臭 吲哚类 粪臭基硫酸 氮（朵）茚 C9H9N C8H7N 粪便臭 盐酸醋酸混合味 胺类 三甲胺 (CH3)3N 臭鱼味 硫化物 硫化氢 H2S 臭蛋味 氨 氨 NH3 刺激味 恶臭气体对人们的危害主要包括对呼吸系统、循环系统、消化系统、分泌系统、神经系统的危害。比如恶臭中主要污染物NH3具有强烈刺激性气味，主要刺激眼睛、粘膜和上呼吸道，其引起人类呼吸道刺激症状的最 续环境影响分析 低浓度为20ppm。H2S具有臭鸡蛋气味，其感知浓度低达0.0015mg/m3，接触高浓度（500～1000ppm）H2S可致全身中毒。因此，长期的有恶臭影响的环境中会给居民日常生活和身体带来不良影响。本工程厂界恶臭污染物标准值执行《恶臭污染物排放标准》（GB14554—93）表1二级新扩改标准，其标准值见表7。 控制项目 单位 标准值 恶臭气体 无量纲 20 表7 本工程厂界臭气浓度标准限值控制项目单位标准限值 3.1 恶臭气体无组织排放卫生防护距离计算 3.1.1 计算方法 恶臭气体卫生防护距离按GB/T13201-91中有害气体无组织排放卫生防护距离计算公式计算： Qc/CM=(BLc＋0.25r2)0.5×LD/A 式中：Qc——工业企业有害气体无组织排放量可达到的控制水平（kg/h）； CM——标准浓度限值（mg/Nm3）； L——工业企业所需卫生防护距离（m） r——生产单元等效半径（m） A、B、C、D——卫生防护距离计算系数。 标准浓度限值采用《恶臭污染物排放标准》（GB14554—93）中表1恶臭污染物厂界标准值新、改、扩二级标准。 表8 恶臭污染物厂界标准 单位：mg/m3 污染物名称 H2S NH3 三甲胺 甲硫醚 甲硫醇 标准值 0.06 1.5 0.08 0.07 0.007 3.1.2 恶臭气体无组织排放量 根据工程分析部分内容，本工程运行过程中恶臭气体无组织排放量见表9。 建设项目拟采取的防治措施及预期治理效果 内容 类型 排放源 （编号） 污染物 名称 防治措施 预期治理效果 气大 污染 物 锅炉 烟尘 SO2 陶瓷多管旋风除尘器 达标 猪舍与污水处理站 H2S 对恶臭产生点添加除臭剂，所产生污泥及时清运； 卫生防护距离应大于50m 达标 NH3 水污 染物 生活污水与屠宰废水 COD BOD5 SS 厌氧好氧生化处理 达标 固体 废物 锅炉房 炉渣 收尘 建筑或铺路 综合利用 污水处理站 污泥 制农田肥料 综合利用 噪 声 对高噪声设备所在车间进行隔声处理，同时采取吸声措施，在高噪声设备基础地座安装减振垫，经过治理后，厂界噪声达标。 其 他 生态保护措施及预期效果 本项目占地已取得相关手续，项目占地使生态环境受到一定影响，占地面积较少，对生态环境影响较小。应加强厂区绿化，绿化率不低于15%，厂区绿化后使生态环境得到补偿。 结论与建议 1 评价结论 1.1 本工程符合国家产业政策 本项目属畜禽屠宰业，未列入《产业结构调整指导目录》（2005年），属于国家允许类项目，符合目前国家的有关产业政策。屠宰场建成后，年屠宰生猪1.8万头，年利润总额36万元，销售税金18万元，投资回收期2.2年。屠宰场的建设，为提高人民生活水平，确保人民群众的身体健康，以及实行生猪“定点屠宰、集中检疫、统一完税 、控制批发、分散经营”都具有重大的经济效益和社会效益。 1.2 评价区域环境空气质量较好，声环境现状良好 评价区域环境空气质量符合《环境空气质量标准》二级要求。 洛河寨子村段面水质能达到GB3838—2002Ⅲ类标准要求， 评价区域环境质量符合《城市区域环境噪声标准》2类标准要求。 1.3 工程产生的污染经治理后，对环境影响很小 本项目在营运过程中主要污染因素是废水、废气、噪声，能确保达标。 1.3.1 废水 本项目各生产工序废水综合处理的方案，利用物化＋生化法相结合的工艺，该废水治理后可实现达标排放。 洛河预测断面的预测值CODcr和BOD5浓度仍满足《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类标准要求。本项目废水排入XX县城市污水处理厂进一步处理后排入洛河，预测结果表明，CODcr和BOD5在洛河大桥控制断面的预测值与监测值相同，说明本工程废水排放对地表水环境质量没有影响。洛河水质仍满足《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类标准要求。 综合分析，本工程废水治理措施可行，治理效果明显，可实现达标排 续结论与建议 放，其对洛河的河水水质没有影响。 1.3.2 废气 本项目大气污染源主要为锅炉烟气和猪舍与污水处理站恶臭。 烫毛和冬季采暖需要蒸汽，拟安装一台2 t/h蒸汽锅炉，型号为DZL2-8，产气量2t/h，燃煤为山西大同、陕西神木的优质无烟煤，燃煤量为300t/a。 锅炉烟气其污染物为烟尘和SO2。该锅炉安装陶瓷多管旋风除尘室，锅炉烟气中烟尘和SO2产生浓度分别为2000mg/Nm3和432mg/m3。除尘器的除尘效率为95％，净化后烟尘和SO2产生与排放浓度分别为100mg/Nm3和432mg/m3。燃料煤堆存应建设煤栅，以防止堆煤风蚀扬尘。净化烟气通过一根30m高烟囱排放。锅炉烟气排放和烟囱高度可满足《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》（GB13271—2001）Ⅱ时段二级标准要求（200 mg/Nm3、432mg/m3、30m）。 本项目恶臭污染物主要来源于格栅、厌氧池、主生化池、污泥区及猪舍等单元。恶臭气体主要成分为H2S、NH3、三甲胺、甲硫醇等物质。本工程拟对恶臭产生点添加除臭剂，所产生污泥及时清运，由于污水处理规模小，恶臭源强低，经防治后厂界恶臭浓度可满足《恶臭污染物排放标准》（GB14554—93）要求。经预测，恶臭气体卫生防护距离为50m，附近无居民，。工程恶臭气体无组织排放对周围村庄和火炎砖厂的环境空气质量的影响可以承受。 1.3.3 噪声 本工程噪声主要为提升机、捞渣机、猪舍、鼓风机和引风机等所产生的机械噪声和空气动力性噪声。对高噪声设备所在车间进行隔声处理，同时采取吸声措施，在高噪声设备基础地座安装减振垫，经过治理后，经预测厂界噪声达标。 1.3.4 固废 本项目固体废弃物主要为锅炉渣、污水处理站污泥和除尘系统收尘等，项目固体全部综合利用。 续结论与建议 1.4 总量控制指标建议 本项目总量控制指标建议为： 烟尘：0.72t/a；SO2：3.11t/a； CODcr：0.51t/a。 1.5 建设项目环保可行性结论 该项目生产工艺先进，属畜禽屠宰业，属于国家允许类项目，符合国家产业政策，也符合XX县城市规划，并取得定点屠宰、用地等相关手续，具有良好的经济效益和社会效益，采取评价提出的各项环保措施后，各类污染物可实现达标排放，并满足当地区域总量控制指标，对环境影响程度较小，因此，从环保角度看该项目的选址及建设是可行的。 2 建议 2.1 认真落实环评中提出的污染防治措施，确保污染物达标排放。 2.2 搞好厂区环境，加强绿化。 2.3 建设单位选用SO2含量小于0.5%、灰份小于25%的无烟煤。 2.4 加强除臭防臭工作，以减轻恶臭污染。 敏感点保护目标示意图 洛北大渠 老209国道 5000m 5km 洛 河 209国道 厂址 XX 县城 河西村 图1 项目水平衡图 城市污水处理厂 7.7 污水处理 8.5 0.15消耗 0.35 0.5 生活用水 0.5 0.5 冲地坪 2.5 2.5 屠宰 1．0 1.0 冲猪舍 0.65消耗 2.85 1.0 烫 毛 0.5 3.0 锅 炉 气浮撇油 洛河 2.5 8.0 PAGE tired so they pet out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping-bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping-bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!   Lesson28 No parking 禁止停车 Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with motorists. when he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up' No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. Jasper hopes that she will turn motorists to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!   Lesson29 Taxi! 出租汽车！ Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service. The 'taxi' is a small Swiss aeroplane called a 'Pilatus Porter'. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. Captain Fawcett's first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.   Lesson30  Football or polo? 足球还是水球？ The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them. The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. I turned to look at the children, but there weren't any in sight: they had all run away! The man laughed when he realized what had happened. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank.    Lesson31 Success story 成功者的故事 Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Frank is now the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1938 he bought a small work-shop of his own. During the war Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. By the end of the war, the small work-shop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their son's bicycle!    Lesson32 Shopping made easy 购物变得很方便 People are not so honest as they once were. The temptation to steal is greater than ever before--especially in large shops. A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop-assistant was her daughter. The girl' gave' her mother a free dress once a week !   lesson33 Out of the darkness 冲出黑暗 Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.   Lesson34 Quick work 破案“神速” Ted Robinson has been worried all the week. Last Tuesday he received a letter  from the local police. In the letter he was asked to call at the station. Ted wondered  why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried any more. At the station, he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. It is now being sent to his home by train. Ted was most surprised when he heard the news. He was  amused too, because he never expected the bicycle to be found. It was stolen twenty years ago when Ted was a boy of fifteen !   Lesson35  Stop thief! 捉贼！ Rov Trenton used to drive a taxi. A short while ago, however, he became a bus-driver and he was not regretted it. He is finding his new work far more exciting. When he was driving along Catford Street recently, he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car. One of them was carrying a bag full of money. Roy acted quickly and drove the bus straight at the thieves. The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag. As the thieves were trying to get away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the back of it. While the battered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police. The thieves' car was badly damaged and easy to recognize. Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were arrested.    Lesson36 Across the Channel 横渡海峡 Erna Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow. She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning. Erna is only fourteen years old and she hopes lo set up a new world record. She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed. Erna's father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr Hart has trained his daughter for years. Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. Erna intends to take short rests every two hours. She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. Most of Erna's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. Among them will be Erna's mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.   Lesson37 The Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会 The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time. As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a fine new swimming pool. 'They will also be building new roads and a special railway-line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called 'Olympic City'. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fine modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.   Lesson38 Everything except the weather 惟独没有考虑到天气 My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.   Lesson39 Am I all right? 我是否痊愈？ While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so. The following day, the patient asked for a bedside   telephone. When he was alone, he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington. When the doctor answered the phone, Mr Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr John Gilbert. He asked if Mr Gilbert's operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been. He then asked when Mr Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks. Then Dr Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient.' No,' the patient answered,' I am Mr John Gilbert.'      Lesson40 Food and talk 进餐与交谈 Last week at a dinner-party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs Rumbold. Mrs Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation.   ' A new play is coming to" The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it ?' ' No,' she answered. 'Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year ?' I asked. ' No,' she answered. ' Will you be staying in England?' I asked. ' No,' she answered.   In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner.  ' Young man,' she answered,' if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner !'    lesson41 Do you call that a hat? 你把那个叫帽子吗？ 'Do you call that a hat ?' I said to my wife. 'You needn't be so rude about it,' my wife answered as she looked at herself in the mirror. I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited. We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror. ' We mustn't buy things we don't need,' I remarked suddenly. I regretted saying it almost at once. 'You needn't have said that,' my wife answered.' I need not remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.'  ' I find it beautiful,' I said. 'A man can never have too into the cave hoping to find buried treasure. The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground. Very excited, the party dug a hole two feet deep. They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless. The party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk. In spite of this, many people are confident that 'The Revealer' may reveal something of value fairly soon.   Lesson56 Faster than sound! 比声音还快！ Once a year a race is held for old cars. A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began. One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. The most unusual car was a Benz which had only three wheels. Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part. After a great many loud explosions, the race began. Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them ! _1168520313.unknown